Low Carbon Cities: From Vision to Reality

Transcription

1 Low Carbon Cities: From Vision to Reality CITYNET, Seoul November 2013 Tony Chan Associate Director/ Planning Team Leader

2 Low Carbon Development - China

3 Urbanization 24% 52%

4 Based on current trends, by 2025: Close to One Billion people in urban centres by More than 221 cities with more than one million people Urbanization rate is 70% by 2050 The urban economy will generate over 90% of China s GDP

5 HSBC, 2011

6 HSBC, 2011

7 HSBC, 2011

8 Energy Consumption % increased between % Oil consumption 340% 240% Electricity consumption CO2 Emission * Electricity consumption increased by 135% in 2012 compared to that in 2010

9 CO2 emissions/capita(tco2) Carbon Emission China World OECD members United States Malaysia Korea, Rep. Japan Hong Kong SAR, China CO2 emitters Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank 2010

10 Per Capita CO2 Emission by Sector in 2010 (IEA, 2010) China 8% 7% 32% 4% 49% Electricity and heat production Other energy industry own use Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Other sectors

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12 China s Carbon Targets Reduce Carbon Intensity by 40-45% by compared to 2005 levels (State Council, 2009 First time having specific carbon emissions target). 12 th 5 Year Plan - Reduce Carbon Intensity by 17% by end 2015 Carbon/ energy saving measures & targets for 10,000 businesses in energy intensive industries. 5 Provinces & 8 cities as low carbon pilots Forest Coverage target of > 21.66%

13 Other Clean Tech Initiatives Renewable Energy Wind Power 200GW by 2020 Solar 50 GW by 2020 Biomass 15 GW by 2015 Construction of Smart Grid (UHV lines & networks, remote monitoring and EV charging) Automotive Fuel Efficiency China V by 2016 Electric Vehicles Target 5m by 2020 Subsidies for smaller engines, fuel efficiency and hybrid/ EV Green Building Movement Plan Developers Incentives 1% gfa increase for each star in the 3-star green building rating system. Subsidies for communities with at least 30% green buildings. In July, Shanghai government promoted the development of green building in affordable housing projects. 15% of newly built will be designed and constructed according to the requirement of green building.

14 Public Transport Initiatives China High Speed Rail (>200km/hr average) 9,300km (Dec 2012) Urban Metro Transit Systems 17 cities (2013) Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Systems About 30 systems nationally Alternative Fuel Systems & Energy Efficient Fleet Vehicles

15 Urban Metro (excl Light Rail Systems) 4 lines in 3 cities 55 lines in lines in 25 cities 1995 cities (excl HK)

16 Case Studies

17 Location: Qingdao City, China Area: 28 km² Client: Qingdao West Coast Development Group Co Ltd Qingdao West Coast CBD Conceptual Planning and Urban Design Based on the foundation of the Great Qingdao regional development, research the industry functional orientation of the West Coast Core Area. Promote the Industrial Upgrading of both Huangdao and Jiaonan District based on the current Marine Economy. Central Business District with Creative Maritime Activities and natural beach environment.

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19 3. Originality Urban System Plan Urban Masterplan National Urban System Plan Provincial Urban System Plan City Urban System Plan City Masterplan Proposed Low Carbon & Sustainable Zoning Codes Green Building Renewable Energy Water Resource Detailed Plan Regulatory Plan Site Plan Indicators 1. Land Use 2. Land Area 3. Plot Ratio 4. Building Density 5. Building Height 6. Greening Rate 7. Car Parking Microclimate Green Infrastructure

20 Changxindian Zoning Plan, Beijing

21 Innovative Zoning Plan 500 hectares site south-west of Beijing city Innovative approach to incorporate low carbon & sustainable planning conditions into statutory zoning plans. First of its kind in the China urban planning system and multiple local and international award winner (ISOCARP ) Stage 1 currently close to completion

22 low co2 Changxing Low Carbon Community Setting targets 50% reduction in CO 2 emission compared to BAU Reduce domestic waste generation to 0.8kg /p/day At least 15% of energy supply from renewable energy Domestic water use to be less than 110 litres/ p/d 100% of residents within 400m of public transport stops At least 15% of residential development for social housing

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24 Shanghai World Expo Site Low Carbon Strategy Plan

25 Urban Best Practice Area (UBPA) 0.15km2 Shanghai World Expo Site 5.3km2 Shanghai EXPO UBPA m

26 Preparing Low Carbon Indicators and Construction Guidelines LEED ND (Platinum?) for UBPA site Start Up Area Urban Best Practice Area (UBPA) Site as well as Overall Low Carbon Strategy for entire Expo site (5km2). Building Infrastructure Energy saving Energy use Operation energy cost Energy consumption Transportation Energy Supply Fuel cost Energy supply structure Emission Green space carbon sink Carbon sink

27 Low Carbon Indicator System 4 categories 41 indicators Local policy Local policy tackling climate change Local green building standards Community planning Community services Accessible facilities Open space Public transport Public services Regional energy supply Clean energy ratio Transportation Public transport ratio Non motorised transport Pedestrian paths Building energy New building Existing building Green building ratio Renewable energy Low carbon development Renewable energy ratio Water Water saving equipments Non-traditional water source Rainwater sink and use Surface water quality Green space Plant ratio Local plant index Waste reuse Living waste collection Construction waste recycling Microclimate Heat island Building material Recyclable material ratio Reusable material ratio Construction material produced within 500km Operation management Low carbon park management Low carbon plan Land development indicator Carbon emission monitoring Energy management Carbon trade Educational promotion Low carbon business Business carbon emission report Employee low carbon handbook Energy saving incentives Low carbon living Residents low carbon handbook Low carbon life style * Note: indicators assessed in UBPA marked in red Carbon Effect Total emission Emission per unit area Energy consumption per building area

28 Low Carbon Measures in the UBPA Site Buildings Energy supply Water Green space New buildings energy saving rate 60% Existing buildings energy saving rate 55% Green buildings proportion 100% Renewable energy ratio 20% Reused water use ratio 15% Rainwater Infiltration and use 85% Open Space ratio 40%

29 18 buildings (unchanged or modified) within UBPA 14 Low carbon technologies used: Solar panel electricity generation Solar panel hot water Solar panel cooling Vertical wind power electricity generation Horizontal wind power electricity generation Biomass fuel Fuel cell electricity generation River water-source heat pump Building material energy saving Building structure energy saving Ventilation system energy saving LED lighting energy saving Rainwater collection and reuse Waste recycling

30 Project Experience Shanghai UBPA Low-carbon Eco Plan Basic concept Government expenditure Incremental Cost Extra cost according to regulation Incremental cost of initial investment Maintenance cost increase Electricity bill saving Benefits Extra benefit by adopting low carbon technology Water bill saving Government subsidies

31 Zero Carbon Building,Projects

32 Hong Kong CIC Zero Carbon Architect: Ronald Lu & Partners On site zero-carbon Passive before active systems Nat vent for 34% yr 32

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35 Samsung Samsung Zero Energy House 1st LEED Platinum in East Asia 1st Net Zero Energy Consumption Building in Korea Green Design Award 2010 (Residential) 35

36 3.4 Conclusion 对中国未来发展生态城的启示 Replicable Not only meeting local domestic demand or requirements but benchmarks well against international best practices Scalable Consider the functional & implementation scale from masterplans to primary land development and secondary site development & building levels. Market- driven/ support Must be resilient and economically viable with or without government incentives/ support Enforceable Must have clear implementation framework for the developer & government departments to successfully implement and enforce the various sustainable elements of the plan.