BIOGAS PRODUCTION WITH SORGHUM BIOMASS

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Anastasia Newton
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1 1 ST EUROPEAN SORGHUM CONGRESS WORKSHOP FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION TO FOOD AND FEED BIOGAS PRODUCTION WITH SORGHUM BIOMASS Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Head of department for renewable resources crops, TFZ institute GERMANY

and influencing factors Sorghum as energy crop: key

2 STRUCTURE Why sorghum for biogas in Germany? Cultivar screening in Straubing, Bavaria Methane yield and influencing factors Sorghum as energy crop: key issues for breeding 2 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

3 INSTITUTE DESCRIPTION TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPORT CENTER (TFZ) Institution of the Bavarian Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry Applied research: Energy and raw material crops Biofuels Combustion Support of bioenergy projects, e.g. biomass heating stations Transfer of knowledge 3 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

4 WHY SORGHUM FOR BIOGAS? SORGHUM IS MORE THAN FEED High yield potential Requires only a short growing period Sorghum as catch crop in cropping systems with whole crop cereals Lower input than maize Can be grown on light soils/under conditions, where maize has no stable yield Methane yield of sorghum is satisfying Sorghum is rarely used as fodder in Germany Hydrocyanic acid/prussic acid content 4 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

5 WHY SORGHUM FOR BIOGAS? RESTRICTIONS AND REGULATIONS Sorghum was alternative crop choice where Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) occured Cropping system restriction allowed only in 2 out of 3 years maize Since 2014, Diabrotica is no longer listed as quarantine pest no cropping system restriction Maize as biogas substrate was limited to 60 % for biogas plants under Renewable Energy Law 2012 (EEG 2012) Other crops such as sorghum, whole crop cereals, ley became more attractive for biogas plant owners No limitations for biogas plants in EEG 2004, 2009, 2014, Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

6 CLIMATE CHANGE & SORGHUM INCREASE OF POTENTIAL CROP AREA Germany Germany not suitable hardly suitable suitable well suitable most suitable no data 6 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

7 SORGHUM SCREENING 2015 Dry matter yield 250 dt/ha BIOMASS YIELD & DRY MATTER CONTENT Atletas NS 201 Zeus PR 823 F Aristos Herkules KWS Tarzan Fernandez KWS Merlin RGT Gguepard Amiggo KWS Titus KWS Sammos Sweet Forever BMR Joggy KWS Hannibal KSH 3719 PR 817 F KWS Santos Monty SBF001 KSH 3724 KWS Sole KWS Freya Sweet Caroline SB0115 Sweet Susana Fabregas ASM SBS001 Gardavan ASM Sweet Six BMR ASM JLU Gießen 03 Vegga Sweet Bites GK Emese GW600 BMR JLU Gießen 04 GW 9417 GW 9460 Silo Pro Dwarf BMR Farmsugro 180 ADR 500 Super Massa Lussi S. bicolor (food) S. bicolor (grain) S. bic. x S. sud. Maize late Maize early P. glaucum % 44 Dry matter content 7 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

8 SORGHUM SCREENING 2016 Dry matter yield 250 dt/ha BIOMASS YIELD & DRY MATTER CONTENT KWS Sammos KWS Freya PR817F KWS Tarzan KWS Sole NS212 NS401 NS204 KWS Titus PR832F KWS Santos Joggy KWS Hannibal Super Sugar Sweet Caroline Amiggo KWS Juno NS201 KWS Merlin Gardavan Vegga Sweet Susanna Farmsugro 180 Aristos RGT Gguepard Herkules GW 9417 Zeus Sweet Six BMR Sweet Bites SuperMassa Fuego GK Emese Capello Advancegrazer % 44 Dry matter content Lussi Atletas Fabregas Monty S. bicolor (food) S. bicolor (grain) S. bic. x S. sud. Maize late Maize early P. glaucum 8 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

9 SEVERE LODGING IN 2016 LODGING EVEN IN GRAIN SORGHUM 9 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

10 POSITIVE ASPECT WILD BOARS PREFER MAIZE 10 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

11 Maize and Sorghum types G F X M METHANE OUTPUT INGREDIENTS MAIZE VS. SORGHUM XA XP XL XStarch XSugar Hemicellulose ADF org.res % 100 Ingredient content XA: crude ash XP: crude protein XL: crude lipids ADF: cellulose + lignin org.res.: organic residues Hemicellulose + org. Residues = N-free extracts 11 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

12 METHANE OUTPUT 400 Nl/kg otm DM CULTIVAR GK EMESE, 2013 Methane Methanausbeute yield Sugar Zucker Starch Stärke 70 % DM TM Methanausbeute Methane yield Zucker/Stärke Sugar/Starch Whole Ganzpflanze crop Grain Körner (G) Residue Restpflanze (R) Rest:Korn R : G 1:1 Fraction Fraktion Rest:Korn R : G 1:2 Rest:Korn R : G 2: Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

13 METHANE YIELD HIGH VARIABILITY BETWEEN YEARS Nm³ CH 4 /ha Nl/kg odm 250 Methane yield Methane yield 2012, 2013, 2014 Methane output 2012, 2013, Methane output Lussi early KWS Freya Aristos medium early Cultivar medium late Jumbo late 0 13 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

14 METHANE YIELD BIOMASS YIELD DETERMINES METHANE YIELD Crop Number of data Methane yield in Nl CH 4 /kg odm Methane yield in Nm³ CH 4 /ha S. bicolor F , S. bicolor G , S. bic. x S. sud , Maize 6 347, Maize + 15 % + 48 % 14 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

15 METHANE OUTPUT WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR HIGH METHANE YIELD PER HECTARE? High biomass yield per hectare High methane yield per kg DM High digestibility of the biomass Low ash content High content of N-free extracts Content of starch, sugar, etc. is less important 15 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

16 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 16 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass

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