Zonne-energie: Status, trends en toepassingen

Transcription

1 Zonne-energie: Status, trends en toepassingen Menno van den Donker

2 About myself Menno van den Donker Physics at TU Eindhoven Master thesis on thin-film siliconsolarfoilat Helianthos, Arnhem Ph.D. thesis in Research Centre Juelich on thin film silicon solar cells Solland Solar: Development of back-contacted cell& module technology SinceJune 12 at SEAC, workingon PV applications in the built environment

3 Outline 1. The Solar Energy Application Center (SEAC) 2. Solar energy Worldwide & in The Netherlands 3. Use of PV in horticulture Traditional PV 4. Use of PV in horticulture Novel concepts

4 Outline 1. The Solar Energy Application Center (SEAC) 2. Solar energy Worldwide & in The Netherlands 3. Use of PV in horticulture Traditional PV 4. Use of PV in horticulture Novel concepts

5 What is SEAC?

6 R&D topics SEAC I. Integration into buildings, systems and infrastructure 1. Building integrated PV (BIPV) 2. Pre-fab Solar roofs 3. Integration of PV into Infrastructure 4. Horticulture Greenhouse Solar systems 5. Solar Thermal and PV-Thermal (PVT) systems II. Integration into electricity and communication networks 6. Electronic system components 7. Control systems and grid integration Three key expertises: (1) Benchmarking (2) Field testing (3) Performance & cost modeling

7 Example of SEAC benchmark study Scheuten Glass Oskomera/ Sunways US Tile/ SRS Energy SCX Solar Stafier Smartroof Energiedak >80 products download:

8 SEAC BIPV field testing: The SolarBEAT facility Flexiblefacility allowingmeasurementson earlyprototypes of flat roofs, pitched roofs, façades, Best-in-class monitoring equipment suchas weatherstations, power analyzers, temperature and humidity sensors, IR and EL imaging, Rigid procedures for investigating range of building physics and phovotoltaic performance aspects Exposure of your product during various visits, tours and events

9 Outline 1. The Solar Energy Application Center (SEAC) 2. Solar energy Worldwide & in The Netherlands 3. Use of PV in horticulture Traditional PV 4. Use of PV in horticulture Novel concepts

10 How to turn photons into electrons: The photovoltaic effect Discovered by Edmund Becquerel in 1839 Explained by Albert Einstein in 1905 (Nobel prize) First solar cell in 1954 by Bell laboratories ISE

11 The solar spectrum John Schermer, KUN

12 Technologies Mono & multi c-si: Market leading technologies with 85% market share; Many different technological tracks; Commercial modules 13-21% Thin films: CdTe, strong market position from First Solar, commercial modules 12% TF-Si, needs breakthrough, commercial modules 9% CI(G)S, promising, commercial modules up to 12% OPV: huge investments in R&D, best lab cells 10% and rising, but no large scale commercial module production yet GaAs: expensive, very low market share, best commercial cells ~40%

13 c-si technology solar cell multi thin film technology mono Thickness 200 µm Thickness 0.5 µm Solar module cell Solar module

14 Main photovoltaic markets

15 Market development

16 Market developmentin The Netherlands

17 Price development PV panel costs Sources: ISE Freiburg, Photon Consulting, pvxchange Average learningcurve since 1976 Other costs( BOS )

18 The emerging high mix market Standardization Volume effects Learning curve TIME

19 Outline 1. The Solar Energy Application Center (SEAC) 2. Solar energy Worldwide & in The Netherlands 3. Use of PV in horticulture Traditional PV 4. Use of PV in horticulture Novel concepts

20 Report from Wageningen UR

21 WherecanPV beplaced?

22 Example- Centrosolar

23 Example- Belectric

24 Outline 1. The Solar Energy Application Center (SEAC) 2. Solar energy Worldwide & in The Netherlands 3. Use of PV in horticulture Traditional PV 4. Use of PV in horticulture Novel concepts

25 Key challenge Light for crops How tomanage the light between plants and PV?: Basedon direct/diffuse? ( daglichtkas ) Basedon time/level of irradiance? (shading system) Based on spectral sensitivity? Solliance! Light for PV

26 Introduction to the Solliance R&D cluster 26 ECN, the leading energy research institute in the Netherlands, Europe imec, a world-leading research institute in nano-electronics, based in Flanders, Belgium, Europe TNO, the leading Dutch (Europe) institute for applied scientific research and strong in generic technologies Holst Centre, a joint research initiative of imec en TNO located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Europe TU/e, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands, Europe FZJ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, Europe Solliance OPV Program Greenhouses - Ronn Andriessen

27 Semi-transparent plastic solar cells for green houses? 27 How does it work? Plants need specific light for growth Semi-transparent plastic solar module Light between 480 and 625 nm and > 680 nm can be used for electricity generation by using OPV Organic compounds of the OPV cell can be designed as wished Solliance OPV Program Greenhouses - Ronn Andriessen

28 28 Field test results Tests done with semi-transparent Konarka* modules Brookdale Fruit Farm Greenhouse Project No data on daily/annual energy harvesting efficiency available Production of the produce did not appear to be altered by applying the OPV This demonstrates the possibility to combine greenhouse plastic functionality with PV functionality *Konarka (US) went bankrupt in June 2012 but a re-start was organized by Belectric (G) Solliance OPV Program Greenhouses - Ronn Andriessen

29 Next step in developing OPV for greenhouses 29 The Netherlands is in a very good position to seize the opportunity of OPV for greenhouses! A strong horticulture sector (you!) A strong OPV research sector (Solliance) A strong solar energy applications sector (SEAC) Who can help in: Defining the boundary conditions Exploring potential of OPV for greenhouse applications Identifying potential investors Creating a Dutch/Belgian consortium to develop/produce, implement and monitor OPV for greenhouses Strengthen the position of greenhouse technologies and thin film PV technologies in the Netherlands/Belgium Solliance OPV Program Greenhouses - Ronn Andriessen

30 Conclusions The solar energy sector shows strong growth due to rapidly falling prices. A high mix market will emerge with many niche applications including greenhouse PV? Greenhouse PV can be used profitably already now, when You are based in Italy, or You are covering non-used greenhouse areas, or You use it as shading system for shadowloving plants. New developments: Selectively absorbing OPV is the holy grail of greenhouse PV. SEAC & Sollianceare looking for partners