Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
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1 Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE, CanWEA, DGW, EECA, ES&T, GEO, IREQ, KWEA, MADE, Microsoft, ManSEA, NRCan, NRG Systems, NASA, NREL, NZWEA, OSEA, ORWWG, OSEA, PG&E, SeaWest, SEI/REIO, the Folkecenter, the Izaak Walton League, the Minnesota Project, the Sierra Club, USDOE, WAWWG, and Zond Systems, and written for magazines in the USA, Canada, France, Denmark, and Germany.
2 Advanced Renewable Tariffs The Most Effective Method for Developing Renewable Energy
3 Wind Growing Rapidly Germany Spain 2,000 MW in ,000 MW by ,000 MW by ,100 MW in 2004 France USA: 500-2,000 MW/yr Growth: 20%-40%/yr
4 Installed Wind Capacity Where Canada Stands Germany Spain USA Denmark California Texas Canada Megawatts (Thousands)
5 Solar PV Growing Rapidly 2004: 2,300 MW Worldwide 600+ MW/yr $7 Billion CAD/yr Major Markets Germany Japan California Rancho Seco, Calfornia
6 Installed Solar PV Capacity 2004 Where Canada Stands Cumulative MW Japan Germany USA Spain Canada
7 Why the European Success? #1 Public Involvement Germany & Denmark #2 Advanced Renewable Tariffs 16 EU Countries use Electricity Feed Laws Jutland, Denmark
8 Public Involvement Through Community Power More Acceptance More Power More Quickly More People Involved Locally More Money Locally More Jobs Locally
9 What is Community Power? Local Rooted in and Responsible to the Community Locally Owned Cooperative, First Nation, Farmer-Owned Commercial-Scale Generation Small Projects Making a Big Difference
10 Increasing Acceptance #1 Your Own Pigs Don t Stink Jutland, Denmark
11 Why Community Power? Participation = Greater Acceptance Distributed = Greater Resiliency Clean & Green (Mostly) Human Scale Enables Local Ownership New Cash Crop For Farmers
12 Market Mechanism Status Premium Prices (Renewable Tariffs) Typically Non-Anglophone Countries Quotas (RPS with RECs & ROCs) Typically Anglophone Countries Tendering Ireland, France & Britain (Failed) RPS in Most USA States Most Canadian Provinces Haverigg, Cumbria, Britain
13 Advanced Renewable Tariffs What Are They? Feed Laws or Minimum Price Systems Political Price, Not Political Quota Simple Contracts How Do They Work? Simple, Comprehensible, Transparent Little Administration Where?
14 Renewable Energy Tariffs Status Exisiting Regulations Pending Proposed Austria China India Brazil Ireland California (PV) France PEI, Canada Italy (PV) Germany Washington State Ontario Greece Portugal Spain The Netherlands Turkey (Wind) Czech Republic Minnesota C-BED
15 Renewable Tariffs & Solar Photovoltaics in Germany ,000 New Systems--100%Growth CAD$3 Billion Private Investment Total of 110,000 Systems Cumulative 700 MW Twice as Much as Wind in Canada! Costs Dropped 25% Since 1999
16 Photovoltaic Development MW Installed per Year Canada USA Germany Japan Renewable Tariffs Launched 150 Renewable Tariffs Launched '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 Year
17 German Renewable Generation TWh Generated per Year ARTs (EEG) Feed Law (StrEG) '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 Year
18 Germany s Renewable Tariffs The Results 110,000 PV Installations 2,000 Biomass Plants 6,000 Hydro Plants 16,500 Wind Turbines Total of 135,000 Generators! DeWind
19 Germany s Renewable Tariffs The Results Renewables from EEG 9% of Supply Renewables Generating 40 TWh/yr 45,000 Employed in Wind Industry 15,000 Employed in PV Industry 135,000 Employed in Renewables 110,000 Jobs in Wind by 2010
20 What Has Worked in Europe What Works Advanced Renewable Tariffs (ARTs) Also Known as Electricity Feed Laws Proof is in the Market ARTs Markets = Many Players Quota Markets = Few Players RFP Markets = No Manufacturers
21 Renewable Tariffs The Philosophical Context Geothermal: Colline Metallifere, Italy
22 1. Do We Want Renewables? Peak Oil, Peak Gas Marginal Costs Higher Than Embedded Costs Nuclear Problematic Kyoto & Climate Catastrophe France & Italy, 2003; 25,000 Dead Public Support High Large Crowds in Ontario Desire for New Manufacturing Jobs
23 2. If Yes, Then What Works Best? How To Assign Contracts (PPAs) Negotiated Tendered Standard Offers (Open) Who Gets Contracts Elite Few or All Who Want Them? How To Pay For Them RECs/ROCs/Green Tags Capital or Production Subsidies PTC or WPPI Advanced Renewable Tariffs Dunkerque, France
24 3. If Using a Market Model, Then You Get What You Pay For If You Want It You Must Pay For It Difference Between Cost & Price Profit Margin Determines Rate of Growth High or Premium Prices Deliver More Generation More Quickly More Manufacturing... And More Jobs
25 Political Price-Political Amount Markets Feed Law, Germany Feed Law, Spain Quota-RPS, Britain Wind Capacity Jobs Quota-RPS, Italy Thousands 2004 Data
26 Tendering or RFP Markets Heavy Administrative Burden Stop-Start/Boom-Bust Little Diversity Longer Lead Times Few or No Manufacturers High Failure Rates Britain 70%, France 90% Non-Transparent
27 Advanced Renewable Tariffs Create Dynamic Markets Ensure Price Stability Encourage Manufacturing Offer Opportunity to Many Players Farmers Communities Coops First Nations
28 Willingness to Pay Premium... Unthinkable? PEI Gasoline Price Regulation NS Premier Hamm Proposes Gasoline Price Regulation Local Content (Quebec) Why? Social Economy-Jobs Rural Development Halifax Herald, May 20, 2005
29 Advanced Renewable Tariffs in North America... Unthinkable? Yes, 2 years ago Today? No Now Possible Growing Trend in both USA & Canada
30 Advanced Renewable Tariffs in North America Momentum Building PEI Washington State (Signed) Minnesota C-BED (Passed) Oregon PUC Decision California (Introduced) Ontario (<10 MW Draft) Desire for Manufacturing Jobs Awareness that ARTs Deliver Results
31 Advanced Renewable Tariffs Endorsements Ontario Liberal Party National Farmers Union Ontario & Canada Great Lakes United (NGO) BCWEA, CanWEA, CanSIA Sierra Club (USA) Ferndale, Ontario
32 Advanced Renewable Tariff Design Simple, Comprehensible, & Transparent Allow Simplified Interconnection Prices Sufficient to Drive Development Lengths Sufficient for Profitability Prices Differentiated by Technology, Size, or Resource
33 Original German Feed Law (1991)* Percent of Retail Tariff Hydro & Biomass < 500 kw 75% Hydro & Biomass >500 kw 65% Wind & PV 90% *Unlimited duration.
34 German Wind Tariffs Reference Yield Method 10 Euro Cents/kWh % 100% 60% Year
35 French Wind Tariffs Profitability Index Method 10 Euro Cents/kWh % CF 30% CF 41% CF Year
36 Wind Energy Prices Paid in Europe Highest Prices Not Always from Renewable Tariffs Britain, Italy (ROC Markets) Spain s Renewable Tariff Low Relative to RPS Markets in Britain & Italy
37 Renewable Energy Tariffs Contract Length Country Wind Solar PV Hydro Biomass Germany Spain Project Life Project Life France Project Life Project Life Brazil Minnesota 20
38 Renewable Energy Tariffs Program Limits Country Wind Solar PV Hydro Biomass Germany No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits Spain 13,000 MW 150 MW 2,400 MW 3,200 MW Denmark 20% France Brazil Minnesota 1,500 MW 1,100 MW 200 MW
39 Renewable Energy Tariffs Inflation Adjustment Inflation Adjustment Germany 0% Ontario RFP 15% France 60% OSEA Proposed 15% (100%) California FSO4 Ramped for Inflation
40 Renewable Energy Tariffs OSEA s Ontario Proposal Price Net Present Value Wind 1-5 (T1) High Wind (T2) Medium Wind (T2) Base Wind (T2) Solar PV Biomass Small Hydro
41 0.16 $CAD/kWh OSEA s Proposed Tariff High Wind Case High Wind (>1,100 kwh/m2/yr) NPV Years
42 OSEA s Proposed Tariff Base Wind Case 0.16 $CAD/kWh Base Wind (<650 kwh/m2/yr) NPV Years
43 Potential Economic Benefits of Renewable Tariffs Kirkby Moor, Britain
44 Wind Energy Tariffs --A Job Creation Engine Europe Direct Indirect Total Germany 7,500 37,500 45,000 Denmark 8,600 4,300 13,000 Spain 7,000 15,000 22,000 Total 80,000 Enercon, Aurich, Germany
45 External Costs of Generation Excluding Climate Change $CAD/kWh Oil Coal Natural Gas Wind EU financed international study: ExternE
46 Climate Change External Costs Avoided /kwh 32$/tC/YOLL 32$/tC/VSL External Total 590$/tC/YOLL 590$/tC/VSL 32$/tC/YOLL 32$/tC/VSL 590$/tC/YOLL 590$/tC/VSL Olav Hohmeyer, University of Flensburg
47 Premium Cost of OSEA s Ontario ARTs Proposal in Year 20 Total Price $0.120/kWh Wind & Solar Cost $0.001/kWh 1,000 MW Wind; 90 MW PV
48 Renewable Tariffs are About People-- and Opportunity
49 Advanced Renewable Tariffs A Question of Equity Feed Laws are Fair Nearly All Can Play Farmers, Ranchers, & Co-ops
50 Advanced Renewable Tariffs The Method for Meeting Targets ARTs Compatible with RPS Targets Though ARTs Work Best w/o Caps ARTs Deliver More--More Quickly
51 Renewables: When You Look Closely Worth Every Cent
52 Renewable Energy For Today and for Tomorrow Technology for Life* *from N.F.S. Grundtvig
53 Renewables Work!
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, An Environmental Trust, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, An Environmental Trust, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE, CanWEA, CAW, CEERT, DGW, DSF, EECA, ES&T, GEO, GPI Atlantic, IREQ, KWEA, MADE, Microsoft, ManSEA, MSU,
Michigan s Renewable Energy Sources Act (HB ) Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Michigan s Renewable Energy Sources Act (HB 5218 2007) Michigan s Renewable Energy Sources Act Rapid Sustainable Development of RE Reduce Electricity Price Volatility Reduce Long-Term Electricity Prices
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE, CanWEA, DGW, EECA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, An Environmental Trust, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, An Environmental Trust, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE, CanWEA, DGW, EECA,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, An Environmental Trust, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA,
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Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor.
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of Paul Gipe and are not necessarily those of the sponsor. Disclosure: Paul Gipe has worked with Aerovironment, ANZSES, APROMA, ASES, AusWEA, AWEA, BWEA, BWE,
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