HYDROGRAPHY SUB-PROGRAMMES GENERAL INFORMATION

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1 Not published yet Visitors can't see this page. Publish it. SUB-PROGRAMMES Home / Action areas / Monitoring and assessment / Monitoring manual / Hydrography HYDROGRAPHY Temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity Waves, currents (sealevel) Ice GENERAL INFORMATION The monitoring of hydrography covers the physical oceanographic parameters temperature, salinity, turbidity and water transparency. The topic also includes monitoring of waves, currents and sea ice extent and thickness. Sub-programme: Temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity Temperature and Salinity are two supporting parameters in HELCOM monitoring. Water transparency is related to increase in suspended algae and relevant for the assessment of eutrophication. Transparency is measured as Secchi depth. 'Secchi depth (summer)' is a HELCOM core indicator. Sub-programme: Waves, currents (sealevel) There is no HELCOM core indicator related to waves or currents. Sub-programme: Ice Ice conditions in the Baltic Sea are monitored using earth observation data from satellites (SAR) to monitor sea ice extent. Monitoring is carried out from the beginning until the end of annual ice season, typically from November to May. In situ measurements are used for measurement of sea ice thickness, which is carried out in coastal waters and open sea areas. There is no HELCOM core indicator related to ice. RESPONSIBLE HELCOM SUBSIDIARY BODIES Temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity: HELCOM MONAS. Contact information: HELCOM EUTRO OPER. This subprogramme has been filled in based on information from EUTRO OPER project and ICES data center. Waves, currents (sealevel): HELCOM MONAS. Contact information: Urmas Lips, Marine Systems Institute at Tallinn University of Technology Ice: HELCOM MONAS. Contact information: Jouni Vainio, Finnish Meteorological Institute. IMAGE RIGHTS

2 Not published yet Visitors can't see this page. Publish it. Home / Action areas / Monitoring and assessment / Monitoring manual / Hydrography / Temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity Monitoring programme: Biodiversity - Water column habitats, Eutrophication; Hydrographical changes Programme topic: Hydrography SUB-PROGRAMME: TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, TRANSPARENCY, TURBIDITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Regional coordination Purpose of monitoring Monitoring concepts Assessment requirements Data providers and access References REGIONAL COORDINATION The monitoring of this sub-programme is: Fully coordinated Common monitoring guidelines in programme. Common quality assurance programme in programme. (Sec: In table it is stated: National, ICES Data type) Common database. (Sec: Specify) PURPOSE OF MONITORING (Q4K) Follow up of progress towards: Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) Segments Eutrophication Maritime activities (acidification Sec:?) Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) legislation (Q8a) Ecological objectives Descriptors Criteria (Q5a) Features (Q5c) Habitats Directive Clear water D5 Eutrophication D7 Hydrographical changes 5.2 Direct effects of nutrient enrichment 7.N XXX Physical and chemical features: Annual and seasonal temperature regime and ice cover, current velocity, upwelling, wave exposure, mixing characteristics, turbidity, residence time. Spatial and temporal distribution of salinity. Habitat types: The predominant (seabed and) water column habitat type(s) with a description of the characteristic physical and chemical features, such as depth, water temperature regime, currents and other water movements, salinity, (structure and substrata composition of the seabed). features: A description of any other features or characteristics typical of or specific to the marine region or subregion.

3 Assessment of: (Q4k) State/Impacts X temporal trends, spatial distribution, status classification Pressures Human activities causing the pressures Effectiveness of measures Scale of data aggregation for assessments: (Q10a) HELCOM assessment unit Level 1: Baltic Sea HELCOM assessment unit Level 2: Subbasin HELCOM assessment unit Level 3: Subbasins with coastal and offshore division HELCOM assessment unit Level 4: Subbasins with coastal WFD division X MONITORING CONCEPTS Coordination Elements Q9a (Q5c) Q9b Q9c, Q9d Q9e, 9f Q9h, 9i Spatial resolution Q 9g, 9i Link to HELCOM core indicators Link to MSFD GES characteristics Q5b Spatial scope Q4i Monitoring started Q4h CPs monitoring Regional Physical oceanography: Temperature Temperature in situ (HELCOM manual, Annex C-2 Chapter 4) National, ICESDataType Guide (specify) Sec: seemap? Stations, see HELCOM MORE map service - - EEZ Data available 1877, Coordinated monitoring started 1979 DE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, PL, SE, RU Regional Physical oceanography: Salinity Salinity in situ (HELCOM manual, Annex C-2 Chapter 4) National, ICESDataType Guide (specify) Stations, see HELCOM MORE map service - - EEZ Data available 1877, Coordinated monitoring started 1979 DE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, PL, SE, RU Regional Physical oceanography - water transparency, using Secchi depth as proxy Transparency of water column in situ (HELCOM manual, Annex C-2 Chapter 4) National, ICESDataType Guide (specify) stations and WFD stations, where not identical Secchi depth (summer) Water transparency related to increase in suspended algae EEZ Coordinated monitoring started Data available in ; DE: 2006-, DK: 1972-, EE: 1999-, FI: 1974-, LT: 1992-, LV: 1990-, PL: 1996-, RU: -, SE: DE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, PL, SE, RU Regional Physical oceanography: Turbidity Transparency of water column in situ (HELCOM manual, Annex C-2 Chapter 4) National, ICESDataType Guide (specify) Stations, see HELCOM MORE map service Water transparency related to increase in suspended algae EEZ 2006 (DE), 2010 (DK, SE), 1985 (FI), 2006 (DE), 2010 (DK, SE), 1985 (FI), 2006 (DE), 2010 (DK, SE), 1985 (FI), FI Brief description of monitoring Full description in HELCOM manual. Temperature

4 Temperature Measured in situ in the water column from boat. Mode of sampling: CTD or other, fixed station (stations listed in Annex C-1 in the HELCOM manual). The quality system is formalized in the quality manual (Part B Annex B2 in the HELCOM manual). Guidance on the interpretation of ISO/IEC/EN 'General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration of Laboratories' (formerly EN and ISO Guide 25) was given by a joint international EURACHEM/WELAC Working Group (EURACHEM/WELAC, 1992). Specific guidance to Analytical Quality Control for Water Analysis was elaborated by European - CEN/TC 230 (EN 14996) - as well as by international - ISO/TC 147 SC 7 (ISO/TR 13530) - standardisation authorities. The analytical requirements are specified, including definition of the type and nature of the sample and its environment, concentration range of interest and permissible tolerances in analytical error (Part B Annex B3 in the HELCOM manual). Temperature should be measured always as a supporting parameter. Spatial resolution In situ samples are taken on stations (listed in Annex C-1 of the HELCOM manual). See Figures 1-2 for station network and data mapped to Station dictionary. Spatial resolution Salinity Measured in situ in the water column from boat. Mode of sampling: CTD or other, fixed station (stations listed in Annex C-1 in the HELCOM manual). The quality system is formalized in the quality manual (Part B Annex B2 in the HELCOM manual). Guidance on the interpretation of ISO/IEC/EN 'General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration of Laboratories' (formerly EN and ISO Guide 25) was given by a joint international EURACHEM/WELAC Working Group (EURACHEM/WELAC, 1992). Specific guidance to Analytical Quality Control for Water Analysis was elaborated by European - CEN/TC 230 (EN 14996) - as well as by international - ISO/TC 147 SC 7 (ISO/TR 13530) - standardisation authorities. The analytical requirements are specified, including definition of the type and nature of the sample and its environment, concentration range of interest and permissible tolerances in analytical error (Part B Annex B3 in the HELCOM manual). Salinity should be measured always as a supporting parameter. Covers whole Baltic from coast to EEZ relation to MDFD Descriptor 5, Eutrophication. In situ samples are taken on stations (listed in Annex C-1 of the HELCOM manual). See Figures 3-4 for station network and data mapped to Station dictionary. Secchi-depth/Transparency of the water column Measured in situ in the water column from boat. Mode of sampling: CTD or other, fixed station (stations listed in Annex C-1 in the HELCOM manual). The quality system is formalized in the quality manual (Part B Annex B2 in the HELCOM manual). Guidance on the interpretation of ISO/IEC/EN 'General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration of Laboratories' (formerly EN and ISO Guide 25) was given by a joint international EURACHEM/WELAC Working Group (EURACHEM/WELAC, 1992). Specific guidance to Analytical Quality Control for Water Analysis was elaborated by European - CEN/TC 230 (EN 14996) - as well as by international - ISO/TC 147 SC 7 (ISO/TR 13530) - standardisation authorities. For assessment purposes, measurement should be made at least during the summer period (June September). Secchi depth should be measured at all stations whenever possible, i.e. in day light and when the sea is relatively calm. Light attenuation shall always be measured if primary production measurements are performed (HELCOM manual) Spatial resolution Covers whole Baltic from coast to EEZ relation to MDFD Descriptor 5, Eutrophication. In situ samples are taken on stations (listed in Annex C-1 of the HELCOM manual). See Figures 3-4 for station network and data mapped to Station dictionary. See Figures 5-6 for station network and data mapped to Station dictionary. Turbidity/Transparency of the water column Measured in situ in the water column from boat. Mode of sampling: CTD or other, fixed station (stations listed in Annex C-1 in the HELCOM manual). The quality system is formalized in the quality manual (Part B Annex B2 in the HELCOM manual). Guidance on the interpretation of ISO/IEC/EN 'General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration of Laboratories' (formerly EN and ISO Guide 25) was given by a joint international EURACHEM/WELAC Working Group (EURACHEM/WELAC, 1992). Specific guidance to Analytical Quality Control for Water Analysis was elaborated by European - CEN/TC 230 (EN 14996) - as well as by international - ISO/TC 147 SC 7 (ISO/TR 13530) - standardisation authorities. The analytical requirements are specified, including d fi i i f h d f h l di i i f i d

5 definition of the type and nature of the sample and its environment, concentration range of interest and permissible tolerances in analytical error (Part B Annex B3 in the HELCOM manual). Turbidity can be measured on coastal stations. (Sec:?) Covers whole Baltic from coast to EEZ relation to MDFD Descriptor 5, Eutrophication. Spatial resolution Turbidity can be measured on coastal stations. (Sec:?) ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Monitoring requirements and gaps Monitoring is to be carried out to fullfill assessment requirements, which are outlined e.g. in HELCOM core indicators. The requirements on monitoring can include number of stations, frequency or sampling and replication. Monitoring requirements Gaps Open sea: For assessment purposes, at least 15 observations during the period June-September made yearly in each assessment unit. The compilation of observations is expected to be distributed spatially within the assessment unit in a non-biased way. Coastal areas (between shore and baseline + 1 nm): For an assessment of the coastal water bodies (= WFD water bodies), less than 15 observations per year may be available for the period May(June)-September due to a limited number of stations per assessment unit (=water body). Comment: In Germany, measurements of temperature, salinity and transparency (secchi depth) are carried out at each station 5-10x () p.a. depending on station and area (less frequently in the open sea 5 to max. 10x p.a., more often in the coastal areas where a monthly frequency (12x p.a.) is attempted, but 10x is realistic due to bad weather conditions etc.). In national assessments of transparency, we have used the summer months (May- September) up to now. Secchi-depth: Existing coordinated monitoring programme (HELCOM manual) does not provide sufficient temporal coverage to achieve high confidence in the core indicator status estimate (BSEP 143). Adequacy for assessment of GES (Q5d) Monitoring should provide adequate data and information to enable the periodic assessment of environmental status, and distance from and progress towards GES as required by MSFD under Article 9 and 11. Adequate data? Established methods for assessment? Adequate understanding of GES? Adequate capacity to perform assessments? Assessment of natural variability (Q5e) Quantitative. DATA PROVIDERS AND ACCESS Data access point Data type (Q10c) Data availability (Q10c) Data access (Q10c) HELCOM, ICES Database Processed Data sets ICES Database Open access for environmental data (covered by ICES data policy)

6 Data access (Q10c) Open access for environmental data (covered by ICES data policy) INSPIRE standard (Q10c) When will data become available? (Q10c) Data update frequency (Q10c) Describe how the data and information from the programme will be made accessible to the EC/EEA Contact points in the Contracting parties Has the data been used in HELCOM assessments? Data is used in the following Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets (BSEF) The data currently available is from 2011/2012 and before, the 2013 data will be reported in May 2014 and become available by November Yearly The data is open access and available to the EEA though HELCOM and ICES Web access points Denmark / NERI / Ole Mancher Estonia / EMI,Pärnu Inst. / Arno Põllumäe Finland / FEIF / Sirpa Kleemola Finland / SYKE / Riikka Hietala Germany / IFOG / Frank Walther Germany / LNUG / Frank Walther Germany / LUNG / Frank Walther Germany / NLKG / Frank Walther Latvia / LHEI / Dagnija Fedorovicha Lithuania / MRLT / Nailia Bairamova Poland / IMGW / Neves Sergio Poland / MNFRI / Lena Szymanek Russian Federation / SOI / Alexander Korshenko Sweden / SMHI / Lotta Fyrberg ICES data centre Development of Sea Surface Temperature in the Baltic Sea REFERENCES Grasshoff, K s of seawater analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, New York. Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., and Kremling, K. (Eds.) s of sea water analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. HELCOM Manual 2012: HELCOM, Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring Programme for the Third Stage. Part D. Biological Determinands. IMAGE RIGHTS

7 Not published yet Visitors can't see this page. Publish it. Home / Action areas / Monitoring and assessment / Monitoring manual / Hydrography / Waves, currents (sealevel) Monitoring programme: Biodiversity - Water column habitats, Hydrographical changes Programme topic: Hydrography SUB-PROGRAMME: WAVES, CURRENTS (SEA LEVEL) TABLE OF CONTENTS Regional coordination Purpose of monitoring Monitoring concepts Assessment requirements Data providers and access References REGIONAL COORDINATION The monitoring of this sub-programme is: PURPOSE OF MONITORING (Q4K) Follow up of progress towards: Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) Segments Ecological objectives Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) Descriptors Criteria (Q5a) Features (Q5c) legislation (Q8a) Habitats Directive Assessment of: (Q4k) State/Impacts Pressures Human activities causing the pressures Effectiveness of measures Scale of data aggregation for assessments: (Q10a) HELCOM assessment unit Level 1: Baltic Sea HELCOM assessment unit Level 2: Subbasin HELCOM assessment unit Level 3: Subbasins with coastal and offshore division HELCOM assessment unit Level 4: Subbasins with coastal WFD division

8 MONITORING CONCEPTS Coordination Elements Q9a (Q5c) Q9b Q9c, Q9d Q9e, 9f Q9h, 9i Spatial resolution Q 9g, 9i Link to HELCOM core indicators Link to MSFD GES characteristics Q5b Spatial scope Q4i Monitoring started Q4h CPs monitoring Brief description of monitoring Full description in HELCOM manual. Element / parameter Spatial resolution ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Monitoring requirements and gaps Monitoring is to be carried out to fullfill assessment requirements, which are outlined e.g. in HELCOM core indicators. The requirements on monitoring can include number of stations, frequency or sampling and replication. Monitoring requirements Gaps Adequacy for assessment of GES (Q5d) Monitoring should provide adequate data and information to enable the periodic assessment of environmental status, and distance from and progress towards GES as required by MSFD under Article 9 and 11. Adequate data? Established methods for assessment? Adequate understanding of GES? Adequate capacity to perform assessments?

9 Assessment of natural variability (Q5e) DATA PROVIDERS AND ACCESS Data access point Data type (Q10c) Data availability (Q10c) Data access (Q10c) INSPIRE standard (Q10c) When will data become available? (Q10c) Data update frequency (Q10c) Describe how the data and information from the programme will be made accessible to the EC/EEA Contact points in the Contracting parties Has the data been used in HELCOM assessments? Data is used in the following Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets (BSEF) Wave climate in the Baltic Sea REFERENCES IMAGE RIGHTS

10 Not published yet Visitors can't see this page. Publish it. Home / Action areas / Monitoring and assessment / Monitoring manual / Hydrography / Ice Monitoring programme: Biodiversity - Water column habitats, Hydrographical changes Programme topic: Hydrography SUB-PROGRAMME: ICE TABLE OF CONTENTS Regional coordination Purpose of monitoring Monitoring concepts Assessment requirements Data providers and access References REGIONAL COORDINATION The monitoring of this sub-programme is: Partly coordinated. Common monitoring of whole Baltic Sea using satellite observations (Sec: Provide link to common guidelines). Missing: common quality assurance tools. Every country has its own and quality assurance tools. Missing: common database. Every country has its own databases. PURPOSE OF MONITORING (Q4K) Follow up of progress towards: Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) Segments Maritime activities Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) Ecological objectives Descriptors Criteria (Q5a) Features (Q5c) Safe maritime traffic without accidental pollution D1 Biodiversity (added by Sec) D7 Hydrographical changes 1.4 Habitat distribution 1.5 Habitat extent Physical and chemical features: Annual and seasonal temperature regime and ice cover, current velocity, upwelling, wave exposure, mixing characteristics, turbidity, residence time Biological features: The predominant seabed and water column habitat type(s) with a description of the characteristic physical and chemical features, such as depth, water temperature regime, currents and other water movements, salinity, structure and substrata composition of the seabed. (added by Sec) features: A description of any other features or characteristics typical of or specific to the marine region or subregion Pressures and impacts Significant changes in thermal regime (e.g. by outfalls from power stations) Activities Energy production: wind Man-made structures: land claim Man-made structures: Port Man-made structures: submarine cables Man-made structures: Offshore structures Transport: shipping

11 Assessment of: (Q4k) State/Impacts X temporal trends, spatial distribution Pressures X temporal trends, spatial distribution Human activities causing the pressures Effectiveness of measures (Sec: if activities are denoted above, then it should also be ticked here) Scale of data aggregation for assessments: (Q10a) HELCOM assessment unit Level 1: Baltic Sea HELCOM assessment unit Level 2: Subbasin HELCOM assessment unit Level 3: Subbasins with coastal and offshore division HELCOM assessment unit Level 4: Subbasins with coastal WFD division X MONITORING CONCEPTS Coordination Elements Q9a (Q5c) Q9b Q9c, Q9d Q9e, 9f Q9h, 9i Spatial resolution Q 9g, 9i Link to HELCOM core indicators Link to GES characteristics Q5b Spatial scope Q4i Monitoring started Q4h CPs monitoring Extent of ice cover parameter See below Weekly SAR data - resolution 100 m, other satellite 250 m 1 km - - EEZ 1791 DE, DK, FI, PL, SE Ice thickness parameter See below Weekly SAR data - resolution 100 m, other satellite 250 m 1 km - - EEZ - DE, DK, FI, PL, SE Brief description of monitoring Element / parameter Extent of ice cover / parameter Extent of ice cover is measured using satellite observations. The whole Baltic is monitored by Finland (FMI) and Sweden (SMHI). Germany, Poland, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia are monitoring national waters (Sec: mismatch with CPs mentioned in Monitorting concept table). - SAR satellite image is used. The algorithm, which combines SAR data and ground truth, provides ice thickness information in 500 m resolution. The products are provided operationally and are available for users shortly after the SAR data is available. Spatial resolution Extent of ice cover maps operationally produced every time a SAR image has been received. Whole Baltic Sea. The algorithm, which combines SAR data and ground truth, provides ice coverage information in 500 m resolution. Element / parameter Ice thickness / parameter Ice thickness is measured using satellite observations and in-situ measurements. The whole Baltic is monitored by Finland (FMI) and Sweden (SMHI). Germany, Poland, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia are monitoring national waters (Sec: mismatch with CPs mentioned in Monitorting concept table). SAR satellite image is used The algorithm which combines SAR data and ground truth provides ice thickness

12 - SAR satellite image is used. The algorithm, which combines SAR data and ground truth, provides ice thickness information in 500 m resolution. The products are provided operationally and are available for users shortly after the SAR data is available. Spatial resolution Ice Thickness Charts are operationally produced every time a SAR image has been received, using the latest available ice chart as an input. Whole Baltic Sea. The algorithm, which combines SAR data and ground truth, provides ice thickness information in 500 m resolution. ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Monitoring requirements and gaps Monitoring is to be carried out to fullfill assessment requirements, which are outlined e.g. in HELCOM core indicators. The requirements on monitoring can include number of stations, frequency or sampling and replication. Monitoring requirements To produce a comprehensive overview for the HELCOM Environment fact sheet Ice Season: Maximum extent of sea ice in the Baltic should be monitored with Baltic wide comprehensive earth observations (SAR) during winter season. Temporal frequency of observations should be at least once a week. Spatial coverage should be the whole Baltic Sea and resolution 1 km. Sea ice thickness in the Baltic Sea should be monitored with earth observation data combined with in-situ measurements of ice thickness. Gaps There are no gaps, the monitoring covers the whole Baltic Sea with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. Adequacy for assessment of GES (Q5d) Monitoring should provide adequate data and information to enable the periodic assessment of environmental status, and distance from and progress towards GES as required the MSFD under Article 9 and 11. Adequate data? Established methods for assessment? Adequate understanding of GES? Adequate capacity to perform assessments? Assessment of natural variability (Q5e) Expert opinion. DATA PROVIDERS AND ACCESS Data access point Data type (Q10c) National databases Data products Modelled data

13 Data availability (Q10c) URL to view data: Data in national data centre: : Data in international data centre (e.g. RSC, ICES, EEA, EMODnet): Aggregated data products (annual environment fact sheet can be accessed from: MyOcean catalogue: Data access (Q10c) Open access INSPIRE standard (Q10c) When will data become available? (Q10c) Data update frequency (Q10c) Describe how the data and information from the programme will be made accessible to the EC/EEA Contact points in the Contracting parties Data is used in the following Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets (BSEF) Weekly, Yearly Weekly update cycle of operational data, annual HELCOM environment fact sheet assessment. FI: Jouni Vainio, jouni.vainio@fmi.fi Ice season REFERENCES IMAGE RIGHTS