From science to practice:

Transcription

1 From science to practice: Experiences from the Jenfelder Au neighbourhood in Hamburg to utilize regional bioresources for energy provision Ina Körner & Saskia Hertel Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Bioconversion and Emission Control Group (BIEM) Tel.: BioResourceInnovation (BRI) Ener2i Energy and Innovation Workshop in Moldova, Chisinau

2 Structure 1. The Jenfelder Au Project 2. Bioresources 3. Biogas generation and utilization 4. Digestate disposal or utilization 5. Overall evaluation

3 The Jenfelder Au project - Realization of the HAMBURG WATER Cycle - Area: 3,5 km² Goals: Connecting renewable energy generation with innovative city dewatering and waste management Feasibility demonstration Construction project accompagnied by a reseach programm (KREIS project)

4 Partners in KREIS-Project Project coordination; economic evaluation; vacuum system; test operation of blackwater and greywater treatment; communication design Scientific project coordination; Economic decision model Treatment of greywater; Degradation of phamaceutics in the blackwater Co-Substrates for anaerobic digestion Vacuum system; economic evaluation Vacuum system Energy concept; operational concept of energy supply Geothermal energy Acceptance analysis Ecological evaluation Gefördert vom Supported by: TUHH: Bioresource inventory, anaerobic digestion, digestate utilization

5 The basic concept of the Jenfelder Au Separate collection and treatment of the various wastewater fractions Utilization of blackwater (electricity, heat, fertilizer) Combination with waste treatment pathways

6 The new wastewater collection system Black water Grey water Rain water CHP Vacuum station Vacuum toilet high very low Actual used toilets : Vacumm toilets: [l/pe*d] Amount [mg/l] Dry matter [mg/l] Org. dry matter [mg/l] COD [mg/l] Nitrogen [mg/l] Phosphorus qualitative pharmaceuticals 6-8 L water per flush ~1 L water per flush Source: HAMBURG WASSER,

7 Status of development in 2014 Planning proposed in Start construction of dewatering system Service licence for energy concept Ground-breaking ceremony 2014 Call for tender: anaerobic pre-treatment facility End 2015 Anaerobic pre-treatment facility finished 2015 First buildings erected Marketing of all houses finished New appartments: , 993 (835 for vacuum net) 3 Inhabitants per appartment 2.5 Inhabitants per appartment Defined frame KREIS: 610 (Wastewater - HWC), 684 (Energy) New inhabitants: , 2482 (2088 for vaccuum net) Photos: Saskia Hertel, Ina Körner

8 Schematics of the Jenfelder Au area Operative area HWC dewatered area (new houses) Conventional dewatered area (actual + new houses) Conventional dewatered area (commercial area) Actual prognosis: First new inhabitants end 2015 first blackwater anaerobic pre-treatment facility needed

9 Settlement Lübeck-Flintenbreite Water consumption 65 L/inhabitant/day ~100 inhabitants since Planning for ~300 inhabitants Total area 5.4 ha No connection to the public wastewater system Double-Houses Terraced Houses Separate blackwater collection with vacuum toilets; greywater treatment with plant filters Greywater treatment

10 Vacuum-Biogas-System in the Netherlands 32 houses in Sneek, Prof. Cees Buismann The 32 houses are each equipped with 2 vacuum toilets. A central station, comprising vacuum pump, receiver tank and transfer pump is situated in a cellar outside. From the receiver tank the blackwater is pumped towards a nearby garage where the treatment system for black water is installed. The scientific challenge is to test and evaluate the blackwater treatment system that consists of several technologies that remove/recover organic material, like anaerobic digestion at different temperatures, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate), like struvite production and autotrophic ammonia removal

11 The bioresource utilization chain -Actual plannings and scientific achievements- Biogas facility Biores- Col- pre- Energy Energy Energy source lection treatment generation carrier use Blackwater Greasy Water Vacuum system Grease traps Separator Disintegrator Residue Electricity Heat Electricity Grid District Heating Bioresource chain Lawn cuttings Campaign Screw Press Macerator Digestate Post- Material Product- treatment Product use Plannings till 2018 TUHH results from KREIS Sewage treatment Solid-Liquid-Separation with utilization pathways for the two fractions None Digestate product compost mineral fertilizers None Agriculture (no food production)

12 Inventory results for Hamburg s district Bergedorf Mg/a Wet Mass m³/a Wastewater volume Other mixed green Food residues Leaves Woody garden residues Kitchen waste Horse manure Herbacous garden residues Mixed Green from road sides Industrial food residues Fat separator residues Tipping Point Wastewater private households Wood cuttings Grass and lawn Wet solid Bioresources Liquid or sludgy Bioresources 0.7 Mg Wet Mass / Inhabitant & a 46 m³ Wastewater/ Inhabitant & a

13 Primary bioresources from primary production Bioresource categories Secondary bioresources from various sectors maize, wheat, cow, spruce, beech; grain, meat, stemwood straw, haulm, branches, husks, fruit peels, fresh lawn cuttings for primary use for multichain use food, high value bio-based products high and medium value bio-based products, energy Bioresources are biogenic substances which can be used by humans for multiple purposes to produce food, substantial products, energy carriers. for multichain use for cascade use medium and low value bio-based products, energy medium and low value bio-based products, energy mixed fruit residues, biobin waste, mixed/ stored green waste manure, slurries, blackwater, sewage sludges, waste paper Tertiary bioresources from various sectors Quaternary bioresources from used products

14 Primary bioresources from primary production Bioresource categories Secondary bioresources from various sectors maize, wheat, cow, spruce, beech; grain, meat, stemwood straw, haulm, branches, husks, fruit peels, fresh lawn cuttings for primary use food, high value bio-based products for multichain use high and medium value bio-based products, energy Fresh lawn cuttings from public areas Fruit residue water Lawn cuttings from privat gardens Kitchen and restaurant food waste Grease trap residues Blackwater from vacuum toilets for multichain use for cascade use medium and low value bio-based products, energy medium and low value bio-based products, energy mixed fruit residues, biobin waste, mixed/ stored green waste manure, slurries, blackwater, sewage sludges, waste paper Tertiary bioresources from various sectors Quaternary bioresources from used products

15 Blackwater from vacuum toilets Amount Composition Biogas potentials Bioresource Kg per Inh. Water Organic Ash N P nl/ nl/ & a % % % % DM % DM kg odm kg FM Blackwater Dry matter in Flintenbreite blackwater Wendland 2008 Average ± SD Alp 2010 Average ± SD Hertel Average ± SD 0.65 ± ± ± 0.13 Composition estimates 500 l urine, 50 kg faeces, 15 kg toilet paper per Inhabitant & a ~ 1 L water per flush in vacuum toilets Nutrients (N-Nitrogen; P-Phosphourous) mainly in the urine Organic matter and pathogens mainly in faeces Assumed blackwater in Jenfelder Au 8.3 L/ Inh.*d 12 m³/d Photo: Roman Jupitz, TUHH

16 Main substrate Selection of co-substrates Considered co-substrates Failed communication with owners + Greasy water Lawn cuttings Fruit Residue water Kitchen waste Black water Frame conditions: 900 m³ digestor volume (now: 750 m³) (25 days retention time) Pumpable co-substrates (Territorial bioresources)? Photos: Roman Jupitz, Ina Körner, Saskia Hertel; TUHH

17 Greasy water Amount Composition Biogas potentials Bioresource Kg per Inh. Water Organic Ash N P nl/ nl/ & a % % % % DM % DM kg odm kg FM Greasy water Own analytics from deliveries to Köhlbrandthöft Parameter Unit Hertel 2013/-2014 Average ± SD Deegener 2012 Average ± SD DM % 2.23 ± ± 4.03 TOC mg/l 8312 ± ± TN mg/l 493 ± ± 520 Grease-trap contents: Water, fat, oil, food leftovers, detergents, cleaning agents Availability issues Intervals of emptying per a: 12 x theoretic per regulation; 5 x in practice Provision of about 22 m³/d via Hamburg-Wasser possible Calculated generation in the district Wandsbek: 4 m³/d Redirection useful for district Wandsbek amount 4 m³/d to minimize transports

18 Grass cuttings inventory Hamburg Jenfelder Au 5-km-radius Built-up areas Green areas District Wandsbek Public: ha Fresh matter: Mg/a Biogas: m³/a Big green areas total area: public private protection Lawn cuttings per area: 1.7 kg/m² & a Around buildings ha total area: ha ha green area: ha ha public 911 ha 805 ha private ha Enough grass cuttings in less than 5 km around Jenfelder Au from public green areas (e.g. sports facilities, parks, cemetry). Drawings. Ova Canda Dewi, Dragan. Lazic, Janina Ferlage

19 Grass cutting pre-treatment Fresh available from March-September Press juice preparation % % Screw press Press juice Press cake Sludge preparation demands liquid additions (e.g. blackwater, digestate, greasy water) Storage as silage Macerator Lawn silage : water 1 : 0 Lawn silage : water 1 : Photos: Jonas Napp, Saskia Hertel, TUHH, Venus ATB

20 Photos: Martin, TUHH Co-substrates based on lawn cuttings Composition Biogas potentials Bioresource Water Organic Ash N P nl/ nl/ % % % % DM % DM kg odm kg FM Lawn cuttings Lawn silage Lawn juice Quality depend on season, weather and origin More homogeneity by ensilage Quality influencing factors: water, ash, lignin content, impurities (low moss / woody materials content) Harvesting/ collection campaigns (spring, summer) Harvesting/ collection quality concept (origin, stakeholders, communication, storage, pre-treatment) Needed: Equipment for silage, maceration/ press, storage and pre-treatment areas Results from science Conclusion for practice

21 Anaerobic digestion investigations Batch systems with 1-L-reactors Semi-continious system with 10-L-reactors Continious system with 100-L-reactor Photos: Roman Jupitz, TUHH

22 Biogas production (nl/kg FM) Different semi-continous investigations Reactor Blackwater (BW) % FM Greasy water (GW) % FM Lawn juice (LJ) % FM Period I Period II Period III HRT (retention time) GW stop R1 20 d R2-R4 55 d (period I) R2-R4 40 d (period II-III) 1: BW 2: BW:GW 3: BW:GW:LJ 0 4: BW:LJ day

23 * Approximate scenarios calculated by IWT Stuttgart Status of and conclusions for biogas utilization Drawing: Hamburg Wasser Energy concept 2011: Biogas + Photovoltaik + Geothermie Energy concept 2014: Biogas Gasturbine (2 x 65 kw el.) 20 % of district heat via turbines 40 % of district electiricity via turbines (but no direct use fed into grid)* Electricity Fermenter Biogas Gasturbine Heat Results from digestion experiments: not enough biogas for one gasturbine with full capacity ; greasy water addition as sole co-substrate problematic; best results with mixes containing greasy water and good quality lawn cuttings

24 Input Feed Digestate Output Input Feed Digestate Output Input Feed Digestate Output Fresh mass (m³/d) Mass balances for three scenarios Scenario 1: Blackwater + greasy water: actual planning in Jenfelder Au Scenario 2: Blackwater + greasy water + macerated lawn cuttings: lawn limited by 10 % dm (mixture) Scenario 3: Blackwater + greasy water + lawn juice: greasy water restricted by availability in Wandsbek Blackwater Greasywater Lawn Silage Lawn Juice biogas organic ash water Lawn cutting additions allow significant biogas increases Water in digestate is quantitatively by far the most important fraction Digestate composition depends from input Separation of ash fractions before fermentation useful Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Assumed retention time: 25 days

25 Valuables in the digestate Scenario Units Organic N NH 4+ /NH 3 -N Total P BW + GW mg/l BW + GW + LC mg/l 3,200 1, BW + GW + LJ mg/l 1, Calculated based on input compositions Actual measurements: shift from organic N to NH 4 +/NH 3 -N Price and Potential Estimates Compost Nitrogen Heat Electricity 170 /t Humus-C 970 /t accountable N 5.9 ct/kwh th ct/kwh el /a /a /a /a Minimum accountable N based on input Maximum accountable N considering ammonification BW + GW BW + GW + LC BW + GW + LJ Accountable N: NH 4 +/NH 3 -N + 5 % of organic N Assumptions: 30 m³ digestate/d; Maximum 70 % N accountable

26 Suggested process combination for digestate e.g. ANAStrip -Reference facility in Bremen (since 2007) Stripping kw el. for 30 m 3 /d ASL-fertilizer Ammonium lime Digestate Solid-Liquid- Separation Energy demand e.g. < 5 KW el. CEPA- Centrifuge Composting Remaining water Compost Scenario Digest. Digestate and its fractions Solid Phase t/a Liquid phase t/a Additional Input Products Rest Structure Material t/a Limestone Compost ASL (40% N) t/a Agricultural Lime t/a Remaining water t/a t/a t/a t/a BW +GW 10,900 1,100 9,800 2, , ,700 BW+GW+LC 10,600 1,000 9, , ,500 BW+GW+LJ 10,900 1,100 9,800 2, , ,700

27 Final evaluation from technology point of view Situation I - State-of-the-art: Centralized wastewater treatment complex Hamburg-Köhlbrandthöft Comprehensive baseline data as starting point of all developments to allow comparisons with new situations. Nitrification + Denitrification + Anaerobic Digestion + Centrifugation + Drying + Incineration Situation II Bleeding-edge-technology: New biogas facility with digestate disposal into sewer: This situation could be a step backward compared to situation I (costs for an unnecessary biogas process step in situation II; solution avoidance of wastewater treatment complex; see situation III). Anaerobic Digestion + Nitrification + Denitrification + Anaerobic Digestion + Centrifugation + Drying + Incineration Situation III Resource efficient technology: New biogas facility with digestate utilization units: This situation should outperform situation I in manifold aspects. Anaerobic Digestion + Centrifugation + Stripping + Composting Photos and drawing: Hamburg Wasser

28 Thematic areas: Quality fertilizers from residues Sustainable soils Advances in emission prevention The bioresource challange Agro-products for the biobased economy Smart concepts for rural development Toward zero waste settlements Rural-urban sustainability cases world wide RAMIRAN th International Conference Rural- Urban Symbiosis 8-10 September 2015 Deadline for Abstracts: Hamburg Germany