FIELD STUDIES OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN GERMAN ESTUARIES
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1 Particles in Europe 2 Villefranche sur mer FIELD STUDIES OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN GERMAN ESTUARIES Christian Maushake, Germany Christian Winter Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, marum, University of Bremen, Germany Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. Particles in Europe 2
2 Investigation Area: EMS - estuary Heavily impacted by human intervention (waterway engineering, coastal protection) Up to > 3 Mio. m 3 dredged material per year Increase of surface - SSC,97: ~ 2-4 mg/l, today: easely 4-5 mg/l Deepened from ~ 4m up to > 6,2 m on request Meyer shipyard. Northsea DK GB D Ems barrier NL B F Meyer shipyard Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 2 Particles in Europe 2
3 Investigation Area: Transfer of seagoing cruiseliners from inland to the Open Sea Northsea DK GB D Ems barrier NL B F Meyer shipyard Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 3 Particles in Europe 2
4 EMS 29 in-situ measurement of SPM dynamics Motivation BAW-DH expertise under the framework of the Ems action plan to improve the over-all-situation in the Ems estuary Fieldwork program Cross sections Longitudinals Ems barrier Longitudinal (~ 3km) barrier Cross section Cross section Gandersum Leer in-situ Data of suspended transport characterization and better knowledge rates on two cross sections near the of suspended sediment dynamic Ems barrier in the Ems between km 5 and 2 validation of a high resolution 3d improve system understanding and hydro- / morphodynamic numerical process studies model (e.g. Postion, extension and concentration of the ETM) Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 4 Particles in Europe 2
5 EMS 29 Equipment 2 ADCP (3 / 6 Khz) Coastal Digger ca. 23 x 6 x.9 LISSTX (8% PRM) Calibration unit CTD Lab analysis mg/l SES transducer 6-5 Khz ADCP Deck units SES Good idea! Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 5 Particles in Europe 2
6 EMS 29 ADCP SPM measurement (briefly) primary: velocity profile bottom profile discharge counts db 2 secondary (acoustic backscatter): SPM measurement Transect measurement with continuous data recording Periodical interruption to perform calibration on stationery vertical profiles: watersamples CTD (salinity. temperature) OBS (turbidity, optical backscatter) LISST (grainsize distribution, optical attenuation) if possible (visibility) mg/l Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 6 Particles in Europe 2
7 EMS 29 ADCP cross sections in the area of the Ems barrier example: SSC profiles around highwater at the cross section POGUM Gandersum Pegel [m/nn] 3 Gandersum duration( Tide) :4 2: :8 2:35 transect length 57 m 47 m # crossings # calibrations 4 4 # watersamples 9 98 Integration of cross sections gives time series of transportrates (and others) Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 7 Particles in Europe 2
8 EMS 29: Querprofile and Gandersum Transportrates : comparison of results q mf = 24 v mf =.7 SSC mf = Juli q me = 865 v me =.68 SSC me = 372 Pegel [m/nn] Durchfluss [m 3 /s] Strömung [m/s] SSC [mg/l] Transport [t] 99 result: clear signal of upstream transport in the magnitude of some thousand tons / tide * q mf = 673 v mf =.65 SSC mf = Gandersum 6. Juli q me = 6 v me =.7 SSC me = 382 Pegel [m/nn] Durchfluss [m 3 /s] Strömung [m/s] 7274 SSC [mg/l] Transport [t] t : 2: 4: 6: 8: 2: 22: 69 *: referring to the measured profile t 8: : 2: 4: 6: 8: 2: 52 SES - Echoprint Gandersum SES - Echoprint ca. 53 m ca. 45 m Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 8 Particles in Europe 2
9 EMS 29 cross section Gandersum Grainsize distribution from LISST X measurements % μm Oldersum Gandersum Jemgum D5 mittel = 44 μm D5 min = 25 μm D5 max = 75 μm Leer Strömung [m/s] v mf =.65 v me =.7 Pegel [m/nn] 3 8: : 2: 4: 6: 8: 2: LISST - Head Sampling depth 6 - m Range LISSTX: 2, μm LISST operable as long SSC < ca. 5 mg/l Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 9 Particles in Europe 2
10 EMS 29 cross section Grainsize distribution from LISST X measurements % μm Oldersum Jemgum D5 mittel = 5 μm Leer D5 min = 44 μm D5 max = 62 μm Strömung [m/s] v mf =.7 v me =.68 : 2: 4: 6: 8: 2: Pegel [m/nn] 3 LISST - Head Sampling depth 6 - m Range LISSTX: 2, μm LISST operable as long SSC < ca. 5 mg/l Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. Particles in Europe 2
11 SSC Longitudinal between km5 (Knock) and km5 (Leer) around flood at 7. Juli mg/l Knock Oldersum Jemgum Leer Juli 29 Oldersum Knock Leer Jemgum Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. Particles in Europe 2
12 SSC Longitudinal between km47 (Geisespitze) and km9 (Jemgum) around Ebbe at 9. Juli mg/l No measurement Knock Oldersum Jemgum Leer Juli 29 Oldersum Jemgum Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 2 Particles in Europe 2
13 Comparison of SSC longitudinals 7. Juli / 9. Juli mg/l Knock Oldersum Jemgum Leer Kursabweichung No measurement Knock Oldersum Jemgum Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 3 Particles in Europe 2
14 SSC longitudinal combined with SES Profil / 7. Juli 29 SSC profile from ADCP - Backscatter ca. 3 m ADCP Bottomprofile Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 4 Particles in Europe 2
15 SSC longitudinal combined with SES Profil / 7. Juli 29 SSC profile from ADCP - Backscatter ca. 3 m ADCP bottom profile Echo print SES 4 layers 2 fluid mud layer 2 consolidated layer Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 5 Particles in Europe 2
16 Schwebstoff-Probe unterhalb des ADCP-Bodenprofils Entnahme: ca. / 7. Juli 29 SSC profile from ADCP - Backscatter ADCP bottom profile Echo print SES 4 layers Leer Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 6 Particles in Europe 2
17 EMS 29 properties of high concentrated suspensions Properties of high concentrated suspensions (keywords) elastic viscous cohesiv (adhesiv) thixotropic Very littly spezific gravity minor trend to consolditate (24hours of settling time mixed up to consolidated ) Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 7 Particles in Europe 2
18 EMS 29 conclusion Clear signal of upstream transport in the magnitude of 5-7 tons / tide on two cross section in the area of the Ems barrier (Gandersum / ) cause: concentrations transported with flood (upstream) are higher than concentrations transported with ebb (downstream) The detected transportrates are in the same scale then the dredging volume Longitudinals are showing a very different view of SSC distribution during flood and ebb Due to high turbidity during ebbcurrent there was no more measurement possible upstream. There is a demand for operational methods to describe the complex conditions in the bottom boundary layer. Note: all statements are based on 4 (!) days measurements Dipl. Ing. Christian Maushake 2-2 K2 Folie-Nr. 8 Particles in Europe 2
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