Update on the The Environmental Regulations that are under development in Egypt. Afifi A. Afifi, Protrade Co.

Transcription

1 Update on the The Environmental Regulations that are under development in Egypt Afifi A. Afifi, Protrade Co.

2 ProTrade Company Metallurgical Industries Egypt and the Gulf Area Engineering Product Port Unloading Technologies Refractory Supplies and Services Raw Material from the ore to Additives Limestone and Dolomite Technologies Coal and Coke Industrial Waste and by Products Management Cryolitye from Aluminum Industry DRI By Products Mill Scale from Rolling Mills Used Reformer Tubes and Stainless Used Parts Industrial Waste as Alternative Fuel Cement Industry Steam Coal and Green Petroleum Coke Alternative Fuel Solutions and Investments Material Handling Pulverization Investments Port Equipment and Investments

3 Egypt Basic Information Land Population Capital Language GDP GNI / Person Major Industry Foreign Currency Reserve 100 km² 86 Million (2014 Egypt Governmental Data) Avg. 24 yrs Cairo Arabic USD billion (2012/2013 Egypt Ministry of Finance Data) 2.1% / Year USD 3,250 / Person -Oil and Gas (GDP 17%) -Manufacturing (16%) -Agriculture (15%) Rating (Fitch) BB+ BB+ BB- B+ B- B- FCR (USD Bil) [15] -

4 Key Challenges & Opportunities Challenges Opportunities 1- World Economy 1- Coal is low cost to produce energy 2- Total Logistic Solution (Technology + Space) (Non Existence of Infrastructure) 2- Plentiful Supply 3- New Environmental Law No emissions standard for logistics 3- Demand growth Coal Fired Power Plants 4- Energy Mix and the future of coal 4- Each power plant to have its own jetty 5- Investment Attraction and Financial system. 5- All Energy sources could be considered

5 The main reasons for the current energy crisis 1. The increase of the annual energy consumption from 5-7% annually 2. Low crude oil and gas production rates in the country 3. Delays in the development of oil fields during the period of the Egyptian Revolution (Security and receivables) 4. Poor infrastructure for the import of petroleum and gas products 5. Lack of efficiency of electricity generation from power plants 42% globally 54% 6. The high proportion of commercial waste and transport of electricity sold 14% (network and thefts) 7. Shortcoming of the periodic maintenance and the lack of spare parts as a result of the losses occurring to power companies 8. Lack of seriousness in speeding up and expanding the use of alternative and renewable energies 9. Failure to follow any systems or policies to rationalize the various uses of energy 10. Deficit in financial resources in the oil and electricity sectors One of the main reasons for the aggravation of the problem is due to the wrong policies of support that were pursued in addition to the delay in confronting and resolving these issues.

6 Total energy consumption in Egypt 76 million tons oil-equivalent

7 Egypt s production and consumption of crude oil and natural gas 2012/2013

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9 Electricity and Industry sectors, Natural gas consumption and the current and future deficit till 2021 Current Consumption Current Deficit Future Deficit Total Deficit Electricity Industry Total

10 History of Coal and Coke Usage in Egypt Steel Industry: -Metallurgical Coal which is used to produce Metallurgical Coke. Al-Nasr Company Annual Capacity of Met. Coker is 1.6 Mio tons 1.8 Mio tons. 4 Batteries, one is completely demolished and under re-construction Presently Capacity is mt met. Coke -EISCO is the only user of Metallurgical Coke in the steel Industry -Anthracite Coke is used for the Steel EAF industry about 60000mt sized anthracite is used in Egypt and more than mt is used in the gulf area. - Ferroalloys Industry ( Sinai Manganese Company EFACO)

11 Coal Market Observations Share of China in total to fall from 24.4% in 2013 to 12.4% in 2020 Perret Assocites Estimates the total financial trading will reach 4.6Bn toms in Nuclear Energy will be passed out totally by 2022 India is the largest coal importer in the world in 2015 There is a war against coal specially when is not needed France with Nuclear US with Share Gas UK with Natural gas Using coal + Renewable Energy+ Alternative Fuel will result in substantial reduction of Co2 and energy efficiency. Source: Perret Associates

12 Cement Industry in Egypt No of cement companies: 21 No of plants: 24 No of production lines: 42 Total capacity: 70 M ton/year with average capacity M ton/y/line Country consumption: 51 M ton/year Export Production: 3.5 M ton/year 5% of the capacity

13 Cement Industry in Egypt Cont d Total Clinker production est M mt (ref. cement Egypt) As a rule 1 M mt Clinker = 140 k mt coal in a dry process cement plant As per 2014 clinker production, if all converted to coal, 5.1 M mt of coal will be required. In Case of Production Increase 10mio Tons may be needed

14 Cement Plants Locations

15 Expected Solid Fuel To be used in Egypt Cement Industry to Reach about 10 mio tons per year by 2017 Coal Fire Power Plants mio tons per year ( )

16 Environmental Regulations 1. It allows to use Solid Fuel in Steel, Aluminum, Cement, Power and Coke according to the European Standards 2. No Unloading of Solid Fuel on Port Ground 3. Discharge is a closed system 4. Special Permission to discharge solid fuel in the outer anchorage 5. Storage in closed storage or shed areas with good ventilation 6. Stored solid fuels to have min 10-15% Water Content 7. Max. Storing time in port is 1 Month 8. Transportation conditions details are not detailed 9. Environmental Impact study should be made for getting the license to use solid fuel 10.Green Petroleum Coke Max S 8%, Volatile Matter %, Calorific Value MJ/KG

17 Environmental Assessment of Coal-fired Power Plants Main Considerations : Air Emissions Marine Environment Material (coal) and waste (ash) management

18 Coal In / Ash Out 1300 MW ultra supercritical coal fired power plant C. 3.5 million tons of coal/year C. 500,000 tons ash generated / year 400,000 fly ash 100,000 bottom ash Land fill requirements over year lifetime Excavations needed Local groundwater users Designed Landfill

19 Monitoring typically required during lifetime of coal-fired project Stack emissions (CEMS) Ambient air quality monitoring station (s) Marine discharge monitoring Noise Groundwater quality Leachate quality

20 Challenges of Cement Sector in Egypt 1. Thermal Energy sources to diversify Due to Lack of thermal Energy production was reduces or stopped Moving to coal / Petcoke have been done regulations need more refining Moving to Wastes co-processing management is a MUST 2- No specific legal frame so-far We want a more effective legal frame based on EU /UN SBC BAT to be defined & applied ASAP BAT can be elaborated for the complete fuel mix: Coal/Petcoke & AFR 3-Specific issues In Egypt, the cement production is concentrated on OPC a strong strategy for clinker reduction in cement must be developed The thermal consumption is about 20 % over BAT due to Cl problem ( still to be clearly quantified and justified) BPD/CKD is either landfilled (full of hazardous substances) or valorized delivered free

21 Existence of Infrastructure There was no port infrastructure improvement in bulk to improve the supply chain efficiencies and reduce cost While fleet of bulk carrier is not the issue so far but port capacities is the big issue (will not cover the needed quantity) Cost Effectiveness RAIL WAY New Terminals East Portsaid Hamrawain Safaga-Harawain and Abu Ghosoun Ports Existing Terminals Alex Adabeya Sokhna

22 ROADS Egypt s road network: Comprised of 91,173 kilometers of roads Divided into 67,728 of main roads 23,445 kilometers of artery roads. 94% of freight is transported by road Currently no logistics provider in Egypt with a consistent distribution infrastructure; lack of services around road based transportation. If a network of transit points and connection links were established: an estimated 86 million tons per year would pass through it. To meet projected usage, Egypt s roads will require : additional 11.4 million square meters a total investment of US$8 billion over the next 5-10 years.

23 Trucking Power in Egypt Truck kind Amount percentage GVW Chassis 69,000 60% tons Tractor Head 48,000 40% tons Trailer 69,000 n/a tons

24 Trucking Power in Egypt Cont d Ownership model Number of trucks Percentage market share Individuals 58,500 50% Corporate 35,100 30% Individual drivers 23,400 20%

25 Ports and Dry Ports Egypt has: 15 commercial Ports 44 specialized ports (5 tourism, 11 petroleum, 7 mining and 7 fishing and 17 berths) 6 ports on the Mediterranean 9 ports on the Red Sea. The 4 main ports include : Multipurpose Alexandria Port, the largest in Egypt, handles more than 55% of the country s foreign trade.

26 Ports and Dry Ports Cont d Damietta Port: leading Egyptian container handling port handling capacity of 1.15 million 20ft equivalents (TEUs) contributing 40% of total containers handled in Egyptian ports. The East Port Said Port serves as : a regional trans-shipment hub for container traffic Suez Port : Plays an Important role in: Cargo handling Suez Canal transit operations.

27 Maximum Unloading Rates in The Egyptian Ports Adabeya Port: 7000mt/day Sokhna Port: 10000mt/day Dekhelea Port 7000mt / day Damietta Port: 6000mt /day mt the maximum possible quantity to be unloaded for the above ports per month.

28 Solid Fuel Imports Regulations Agent s Responsibility: - Inform the ministry of transportation on the details of the shipment and the coal shipment - Request approval fro m port authorities on the discharge at anchor Receivers Responsibilities - Copy of Contract of sale - Copy of invoice - Bill of Lading - Cargo manifest - Chemical analysis - Route of cargo inside Egypt from port to receiver s facility (maps) - Customs clearance letter - Letter of delegation In the name of the person who will be responsible for dealing with the ministry of environment and payment of all dues - Letter of guarantee from the delegate to provide chemical analysis and customs clearance letter once they become available Reference: Racotis Egypt

29 Solid Fuel Import Regulations Once the above Documents are ready and supplied the following fess will be estimated to be paid: - 0.9% of the total invoice of the cargo to be paid in EGP according to the exchange rate on the day of application request - Quay discharge LE5000/day for 7 days - Anchor Discharge LE10 000/day for 7 days Approval of EEAA is issued in the form of a letter addressed to the port authorities. Delegate must inform and notify EEAA branch office at the vicinity of the operation (i.e Alexandria Branch)in order to send a representative to inspect on the operation. Reference : Racotis Egypt

30 Coal Fired Power Plants Den Fang China, Location in Hamrawain, capacity of 2400MW Shanghai Electricity, Location in Hamrawain, capacity 3200MW Orascom Construction, location is Ras Gharib, Capacity is 2200MW Elnowais, location is in ALTOUR, capacity is 2400MW ACWA, location is in Kafr Elsheikh, capacity is 2400 MW Indonesian Group, locations is in North Coast, capacity is 2400MW

31 Al-Hamrawain Site

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33 Coal Fired Power Plant and Numbers A 4000MW coal fired power plant would light up 5mio homes It would consume 35000mt of coal daily Burning coal is a dirty business and require state of the art technologies to extract emission Sulfur is cleaned by using 10000mt limestone which is crushed and mixed with water to formulate slurry every week to absorb Sulfur before going out with emissions from the stacks Generation and selling of mt Gypsum which is used for Gypsum plater board production

34 Conclusion There is a war against coal specially when is not needed France with Nuclear US with Share Gas UK with Natural gas Using coal + Renewable Energy+ Alternative Fuel will result in substantial reduction of Co2 and energy efficiency. Logistics of Solid Fuel is have more environmental impact than industrial plants Environmental law amendments are required to include more clear measures and regulations specially about carbon capture and storage. Financial tools and derivative challenge and the hard currency issue

35 THANK YOU