The role of fixed-point deep ocean observatories in a global observing system. Richard S. Lampitt, Kate E. Larkin, Sue E. Hartman, Maureen Pagnani,
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1 The role of fixed-point deep ocean observatories in a global observing system Richard S. Lampitt, Kate E. Larkin, Sue E. Hartman, Maureen Pagnani,
2 Global Observing System 1. Satellite remote sensing 2. Ships (a) Research vessels (b) Voluntary Observing Ships 3. Drifters, gliders and buoys 4. Eulerian (fixed-point) observatories (a) Shelf seas * (b) Open ocean
3 Why are fixed-point deep ocean observatories important and relevant for a global ocean observing system?
4 Unique contributions/strengths of fixed time-series Sustained, high frequency, in situ time-series Short-term variation and ecosystem dynamics Capture episodic events Long-term change and climatic trends
5 Multidisciplinary science: Vertical coverage Temperature Salinity Nutrients Chl-a CO 2 Particle flux Currents Real-Time Telemetry
6 Observatory sensors Fluorescence CO 2 CTD Downward particle flux Nutrients Water currents
7 Unique contributions/strengths of fixed time-series Mature technology: Fixed autonomous platform in remote/harsh environments (e.g. high latitude open ocean, strong currents, hydrothermal vents) Durability and Inexpensive: Prolonged measurements at high sampling rate without cables required
8 Key locations: Models for open ocean processes
9 Ocean productivity: contrasting regimes (response to climate variability) not nutrient limited nutrient limited chlorophyll Nutrient-rich but (iron) limited nitrate
10 global carbon cycle processes and acidification A sustained multidisciplinary presence in these regimes will allow us to observe and understand the processes It is already happening
11 Ocean time-series data: NE Atlantic pco 2 : Ocean as a perennial C sink in the NE Atlantic (PAP site) pco2 (Körtzinger et al. 2007)
12 Existing status and current global coverage of fixed-point deep ocean observatories
13 OceanSITES: A global network of fixed-point reference sites collect sustained timeseries of atmospheric, physical, biogeochemical, or ecosystem variables mooring or ship-board (min. monthly) (and cable or glider observations) Data philosophy: Share data freely and in real-time OceanSITES is an official component of the global ocean observing system, part of the IOC/WMO coordination body JCOMM, and a pilot project of the Data Buoy Coordination Panel (DBCP). circulation air-sea flux biogeochemistry Courtesy Uwe Send, SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography
14 OceanSITES: Future vision Core sites and set of sensors for global impact (to be decided) Data on global ocean timeseries indicators will be available e.g. - ph - assembled heat and freshwater content timeseries - eddy energy timeseries Products will be developed and provided to a variety of users e.g. - air-sea flux data for model validation - 15m currents for validation of drifter and satellite current products - sea surface salinities for remote sensing validation - wave data (surface moorings) for wave products/validation - column integrated chlorophyll estimates (remote sensing/model validation)
15 Integrate and enhance 9 existing deep ocean (>1000 m) observatories EU FP7: 3 year Collaborative Project , Coordination: NOCS
16 Integrated Data management -Regional DAC s -Global GDAC Real-time Open access QC data (data/metadata) Interchangeable formats SEADATANET INSPIRE Directive MyOcean
17 The future role of fixed-point observatories in a global observing system
18 Integration and Technological advancement Integrated science: Atmosphere to ocean interior, seafloor and subseafloor Regional multi-node Fixed and mobile assets: Temporal and Spatial context New Technology Sensors, Power, Telemetry Interactivity: Adaptive sampling Pioneer Array: OOI
19 Current Seafloor Initiatives Courtesy: Monty Priede UNIABN, UK
20 Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) NE Pacific, The coastal boundary current regions, The high latitude of the Atlantic and Pacific Courtesy of: Dr. Holly Given, Director OOI
21 The North Atlantic The Irminger Sea Global Node at 60 N, 39 W Fixed and mobile assets to resolve mesoscale processes: collaboration with CIS European Time Series Site
22 Emerging Sensor Technology
23 Problems e.g. Biofouling Instrument frame prior to Deployment in NE Atlantic After 12 months at 45m depth NE Atlantic
24 Emerging sensor technology Need more Biological and chemical sensor development to measure variables currently not sampled long-term: Deep oxygen consumption ph Deep Zooplankton sampling Osmosamplers Genomics (e.g. DNA chips, field genomics for diversity and function studies)
25 Emerging technology: In situ Oxygen Consumption Sensor: In situ Oxygen Dynamics Auto-sampler: IODA6000 Testbed: ANTARES site, Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean Direct measurements of O2 consumption in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic: Efficiency of the biological pump LMGEM, Marseille, France (Christian Tamburini, Anne Robert, Dominique Lefèvre) CPPM, Marseille, France (P. Payre, M. Billault, S. Beurthey & K. Arnaud) IODA 6000 v2.0
26 Emerging technology: Ocean Acidity Sensor: Adapted ph Spectrophotometric sensor Testbed: ESTOC site (29º10 N, 15º30 W) Autonomous sampler for long-term ph measurements at high precision and accuracy ULPGC, Spain Melchor González DávilaD J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
27 Thank you
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