Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe. Franciscus Colijn and Wilhelm Petersen HZG
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1 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe Franciscus Colijn and Wilhelm Petersen HZG
2 History of using Ships of Opportunity (SoOs) for Ocean Monitoring 1853 Brussels Conference: systemizing reporting of marine weather and sea conditions initiated by marine meteorology. Use of S-T thermosalinographs on the Hurtigruten in Norway, since 1930 Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) started in 1931 since 1993 first application of FerryBoxes for monitoring in the Baltic Sea SYKE (former Finnish Marine Institute ) EU Project FerryBox (after 2 refusals) European FerryBox consortium Continuous operation by most of the partners since that time (individual funding mostly by research money) Setup of new lines Commercially FerryBox systems on the market EuroGOOS FerryBox TaskTeam (2015)
3 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe map with FB routes
4 Arctic ROOS FerryBoxes in Europe within the ROOSes North West Shelf (NOOS) Baltic Sea (BOOS) Ireland-Biscay-Iberia (IBI-ROOS) Mediterrenean Sea (MONGOOS) Cruise Liner random route 4
5 Cruise liner MeinSchiff3 Recent Chlorophyll-a Data from April 2015
6 High frequent measurements compared to routine sampling Chl-a (mg/m3) Lista NORWAY Arenbdal St. 2/3 Jomfruland SWEDEN Sampling from Ferrybox DENMARK 10 Sampling from traditional research cruises/monitoring program 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Juni Juli Aug Sep Okt Nov Des Courtesy Kai Sorensen, NIVA
7 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe FB with common sensors: salinity, temperature, oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll fluorescence, FB as testsystem for new sensors: PSICAM, spectral analysis for group detection, pco2, ph, nutrients FB systems in combination with new techniques (flowcytometry, biological molecular measurements, species combination
8 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe Characteristics of the FB Whitebook: Chapter 1: Regional and global long term time series based on FB observations Chapter 2: FB measurements as ground truth for satellite observations Chapter 3: Use of FB measurements for the fishing and aquaculture community Chapter 4: Use of FB data by the scientific community including the use of FB data by modelers Chapter 5: Use of FB systems as an efficient alternative to current monitoring strategies Chapter 6: Link between FB operators and the shipping industry
9 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe Chapter 7: Development of new sensors for (coastal) oceanographic observations (innovation) Chapter 8: Operational and investment costs of systems including maintenance Chapter 9: Integration between different observational methods (HF Radar, moorings, gliders, Euro-Argo) and FB Chapter 10: Need for environmental data from FB systems Chapter 11: FerryBox data management Chapter 12: Role of FB data in ocean acidification and impact of (coastal) oceans for CO2 uptake from the atmosphere Chapter 13: Link between FB systems, other international organizations and FB governance Chapter 14: Participating institutes and groups with their specific expertise Chapter 15: Summary, conclusions and recommendations
10 FerryBox TaskTeam Datamanagement
11 FerryBox (Near) Real Time Quality Check 11
12 Scientific Applications
13 Combining satellitdata Algal products with and ship transect Chl-a fluorescence data 4 3 Ferrybox MERIS Kai Sørensen
14 Combination of Chlorophyll-a data from Satellite (MERIS) and FerryBox (May 2011) Chl-a Satellite Image (MERIS) Chl-aFerryBox FerryBox TorDania TorDania Chl-a Chl-a FerryBox LysBris ENVISAT MERIS 14
15 Analysis of Short-Term Events from Drift Data 15
16 SSS Validation of Data Assimilation (DA) vs. MARNET Station German Bight SSS Station German Bight (psu) 16 16
17 Harmful algae bloom (HAB) in the Kattegat (eastern part of the North Sea) Key methods Chlorophyll a fluorescence Automated water sampling Microscope analysis Harmful algal bloom detected Fish killing flagellate Pseudochattonella sp. observed directly after diatom spring bloom Biomass of phytoplankton at the class level at station Anholt E Pseudochattonella farcimen Karlson et al. in prep 17
18 New Sensors for More Biogeochemical Parameters
19 Continuous pco2, ph and AT Measurements by Underway Systems (e.g. FerryBoxes) Expected Outcome: Spatially and seasonally resolved sources and sinks of CO2 along a certain transect Alkalinity transport from the shore into the North Sea CO2 air-sea fluxes ocean acidification quantification of production rates comparison of productivity with estimates derived from other variables (DO, Chl-a, winter nutrient stocks.) impact of phytoplankton dynamics (e.g. seasonality )
20 Development of New Sensors for Underway Systems ph and Alkalinity (A T ) SIA systems, spectrophotometric detection seawater indicator injection temp. control cuvette HI - I 2- waste ph ph of seawater HI - I 2- ph titration area m-cresol purple Bromocresol green Nutrients (PO4, NOx) Wet chemical Analyzer SIA system, photometric detection Absorption of Water Constituents (PSICAM) measuring absorption spectra leads to - more reliable quantification of chl-a and SPM - detection of phytoplankton groups 20
21 Parameters derived from absorption spectra Hyperspectral absorption data provide various information: Phytoplankton groups by comparison with reference spectra Chlorophyll a (chl-a) Total suspended matter (TSM) 21
22 22 Conclusions FerryBox systems for monitoring water quality parameter: deliver cost-effective continuous time-series of physical and biogeochemical observations with high resolution in space and time detection of short-term events and long-term changes Data can be used to improve the quality of numerical models FerryBox are an ideal platform for newly developed biogeochemical sensors (space, power, accessibility ) Long-term biogeochemical data fill serious gaps of biogeochemical knowledge and will improve the understanding of different biogeochemical processes (e.g. occurrence of algae blooms, HABs, ocean acidification.) and helps to further develop ecosystem models However, most of FerryBox activities still missing sustainable funding!!
23 Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe We need: FB systems as part of a European observation system, EOOS Funding and governance comparable with EU ARGO (EMODNET) Initial investment 2 Mill, annual maintenance 1 Mill, national contributions through regular marine monitoring programmes Establishment of a European data portal for FB data
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