The Creation and Role of the USDA Biomass Research Centers
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1 The Creation and Role of the USDA Biomass Research Centers CAAFI WebCast May 4, 2018 William Anderson, Co-coordinator SE Regional Biomass Research Center
2 Petroleum imports 2006 to today In 2006 US was importing a net 5 m gallons/day petroleum In 2014 imports and exports were equal In 2016 we were exporting ~ 2 m gal/day
3 Overview of the USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers Origin and purpose of the Centers Description of the center concept Regional research priorities Examples of collaborative research results
4 Required Investment to Achieve RFS-2 Biofuel Goals The first 15 billion gallons: Corn grain ethanol nearly achieved About 40% of U.S. corn crop The next 21 billion gallons: 29 million acres Represents less than 12% of regional crop and pastureland production areas 527 new advanced bio-refineries that cost $168-billion Biofuels Strategic Production Report A USDA Roadmap to Meeting the Biofuels Goals of the Renewable Fuels Standard by 2022, June 23, 2010
5 Greater Potential Benefits if Efforts are Coordinated Feedstock Development USDA & DOE research & grant programs Feedstock Production USDA conservation programs Feedstock Logistics Supply Chain Systems Approach USDA risk & biomass programs Biofuels Conversion DoD & DOE Conversion research FAA & DoD Q/C EPA REN Certification Fuel Testing & Approval Large Scale Deployment USDA & DOE commercial programs Industry & DLA fuel purchase guarantees
6 Establishment of the USDA Biomass Research Centers Presidential Memo, Biofuels Interagency Working Group (IWG) May 5, 2009 IWG Report Growing America s Fuels Report February 03, 2010 Secretary Vilsack announcement at the National Press Club October 21, 2010
7 USDA Biomass Research Centers Overview Networks of existing Agriculture Research Service (ARS) and Forest Service (FS) research locations. Coordinate USDA intramural and extramural research efforts. Coordinate ARS and FS intramural research occurring across different locations into a comprehensive program. Leverage current USDA nation-wide capacity to lead sustainable biomass production research.
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9 Original Leadership of the Biomass Research Centers Regional Coordinators and Leadership Teams 1. SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL CENTER ARS Leadership. Booneville, Arkansas (Randy Raper, coordinator) and Tifton, Georgia (Bill Anderson, coordinator). Forest Service Leadership. Auburn, Alabama (Bob Rummer, coordinator). 2. CENTRAL-EAST REGIONAL CENTER ARS leadership. Lincoln, Nebraska (Ken Vogel, coordinator). 3. WESTERN REGIONAL CENTER ARS leadership. Maricopa, Arizona (Matt Jenks, coordinator; Terry Coffelt, associate coordinator). 4. NORTHWESTERN REGIONAL CENTER ARS leadership. Pullman, Washington (Brenton Sharratt, coordinator). FS Leadership. Corvallis, Oregon (Bob Deal, coordinator). 5. NORTHERN-EAST REGIONAL CENTER Forest Service leadership. Madison, Wisconsin (Alan Rudie, coordinator).
10 Emphasis on Partnerships The centers will coordinate their efforts with USDA service agency programs and other Federal agencies Coordinate with universities with inclusion of educational and extension goals Target partnerships to include 1890 s, Tribal Nations, & Hispanic Serving Institutions participation Identifying technology innovation partnerships and other commercial opportunities
11 Research Objectives Supporting Sustainable Biomass Production Increase biomass production efficiency to increase grower profits and reduce biorefinery transaction costs. Optimally incorporate biomass and other dedicated feedstocks into existing agriculture and forestry-based systems. Address the uncertainties of expanded production up-front to avoid negative impacts on existing markets and ecosystem services. Develop and utilize new value-added coproducts to help enable commercially preferred biorefining technologies.
12 Themes of Research 1) Dedicated feedstock development through genetics and breeding 2) Feedstock production protocols 3) Logistics of planting, harvesting, and preprocessing 4) Feedstock conversion 5) Natural resource assessments that lead to life cycle analyses (LCA).
13 National Natural Resource Networks Long-term Agro-ecological Research (LTAR) Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network (GRACEnet)
14 Central - East Regional Center Corn Residue, Switchgrass and Other Perennial Grasses Development, Production and Logistics Corvallis, OR Gasification Other Grasses Mandan, ND Management St. Paul, MN Quality Management Madison, WI Switchgrass Other Grasses Breeding Management College Park, PA Albany, CA Switchgrass Molecular genetics Logan, UT Switchgrass Toxin Research Ft. Collins, CO Switchgrass C-Sequestration Lincoln, NE Switchgrass Other Grasses Breeding Molecular biology Management Economics Harvest & Storage Quality ERRC, PA Gasification Dawson, GA Economics Tifton, GA Switchgrass Management Temple, TX Modeling Peoria, IL Fermentation Conversion Other grasses Breeding Management
15 Central-East Region: Recent Development of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Calibrations for Switchgrass Biomass. ARS (Lincoln, NE, St. Paul, MN, Peoria, IL, and Madison, WI) developed comprehensive NIRS calibrations for switchgrass biomass. NIRS calibrations - used to accurately estimate over 20 biomass components including cell wall and soluble sugars, and ethanol and released pentose sugars from a laboratory SSF procedure. Wet laboratory costs for the same data would cost $300 to $2000 per sample; NIRS costs are about $5 per sample. Vogel, K.P., B.S. Dien, H.J. Jung, M.D. Casler, S. Masterson, R.B. Mitchell Quantifying actual and theoretical biomass ethanol yields for switchgrass strains using NIRS analyses. Bioenergy Research. 4: ken.vogel@ars.usda.gov
16 ARS Switchgrass NIRS Calibrations available through the NIRS Consortium (NIRSC)
17 Central-East Region Big bluestem Switchgrass Indiangrasss Corn stover Biomass sorghum Native mixtures
18 Liberty switchgrass First year after Seeding 28 August, 2013 standing crop 19 November, tons/ac transported off field
19 Liberty : low-lignin, high cellulose switchgrass Central Wisconsin Liberty vs. corn Liberty: marginal land Corn: best cropping land, producing 200 bu/ac Ethanol production: Liberty: 530 gal/ac Corn: 567 gal/ac
20 Western Region Switchgrass Ethiopian mustard Oil crops: Camelina Guayule Perennial Grasses Brachypodium Big Bluestem
21 Western Region Basin wild rye opuntia Tall wheatgrass No-till corn Miscanthus Prairiegrass Canola Poplar-tree sugarcane Rapeseed Orchardgrass
22 Western Region Cooper CS4 tire made completely out of rubber from guayule, a desert shrub that can be grown in the U.S. Tire Review, Aug guayule Bridgestone makes its first tires with guayule rubber. Rubber and Plastics News, Oct. 2015
23 Assessment of Wheat Straw Removal Northwest Regional Center: Oilseeds, Crop Residue and Forest Products Testing of Forest Residue Removal
24 Northwest Regional Centers: Increased Canola Production Rate: 2 lbs/a Canola seeding rate and date Rate: 4 lbs/a Rate: 6 lbs/a
25 Northwestern Region Biomass Crops Industrial Oilseeds Switchgrass Polish Mustard Ethiopian Mustard White Mustard Wheatgrass Oriental Mustard Oilseed Radish Smooth Brome Argentine Mustard Winter Camelina Spring Camelina
26 Southeast Regional Center Feedstock Development and Production, LCA Energy Cane, Perennial Grasses, Biomass Sorghum, Auburn, AL
27 Southeastern Region Bio-energy Feedstocks for the Southeast Energy Cane Sweet sorghum Napiergrass Sugar Beet Miscanthus
28 Southeast Regional Center: ALMANAC Crop model Simulates plant growth and competition among many plant species Functional across various soils, latitudes, and rainfall zones Simulates nutrient and water demands ALMANAC is free Light interception
29 Southeast Regional Center: Herbaceous Feedstock Assessment for the Southeast Switchgrass Micanthus x gigantius Napiergrass Knoll, J.E., Anderson, W.F., Strickland, T.M., Hubbard, R.K., and Malik, R Biomass production and nutrient utilization of perennial grasses under no inputs in South Georgia. Bioenerg. Res. DOI /s x
30 Brassica carinata (Agrisoma and SPARC) Regional tests Conversion to jet fuel
31 Biomass Bioconversion Centers USDA-Agricultural Research Service ARS Regional Research Centers (Bioconversion) Western Regional Research Center Albany, California National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria, Illinois Eastern Regional Research Center Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans, Louisiana
32 Bioconversion Research Centers Three research focus areas: Feedstocks Conversion technologies Biofuels/bioproducts
33 Biomass Utilization Centers Feedstocks: Grasses: switchgrass, miscanthus, napiergrass, big bluestem, corn stover, sorghum, sugarcane, wheat & rice straw, rice hulls, corn bran. Woody biomass: eucalyptus, forest trimmings. Waste: processing waste, household waste, manure, distiller grains.
34 Biomass Utilization Centers Conversion Technologies: Hydrolysis Enzymatic (catalytic and non catalytic) Metal catalysis Pyrolysis and torrefication Microbial (bacterial, fungi and yeast) Anaerobic digestion
35 On-Farm Pyrolysis Biorefining. Slow bio-char production Fast Bio-oil production
36 Biomass Utilization Centers Yeasts: New strain with 90% ethanol conversion efficacy reducing cost by $0.35/gallon. New strain that converts coffee waste into ethanol. New strain the converts plant xylose into ethanol.
37 Biomass Utilization Centers Enzymes: Antibacterial lytic enzymes reduces lactic acid bacteria 1000x increasing ethanol yields 10x. Enzyme-ladder linking multiple enzymes improves biofuel production by 70x.
38 Biomass Utilization Centers Products from Bioprocessing: Discovered an antifungal compound controls potato dry rot disease; chemical 80% failure. Discovered antibacterial oil offers low cost control of streptococcus.
39 USDA/ARS accomplishments BioEnergy Research June 2016 issue - review articles Webpage of Research Center Accomplishments:
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