Hawaii Natural Energy Institute Energy Programs

Transcription

1 Hawaii Natural Energy Institute Energy Programs by Rick Rocheleau to Dr. M.R. C. Greenwood December 28, 2009

2 Outline of Talk Introduction to HNEI Hawaii Energy Situation HNEI Energy Assessments and Policy Support HNEI Technology Development Efforts

3 Hawaii Natural Energy Institute Organized research unit in School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Established by the Hawaii Legislature in 1974 to develop renewable energy resources and technology to reduce the state s dependence on fossil fuels Established in statute in 2006 (ACT 253) and mandated to Coordinate institute s work with state s energy resources coordinator; Develop renewable sources of energy for power generation and transportation Conduct research and development of renewable sources of energy; Demonstrate and deploy efficient energy end-use technologies including those that address peak electric demand issues; Act 253 also established the Hawaii Energy Systems Development Special Fund to be administered by HNEI (no funds to date)

4 Hawaii s Dependence on Fossil Fuels Over 36 years, petroleum consumption remains at about 89%

5 Hawaii is the most petroleum dependent state Petroleum dependence for electricity top six states

6 Energy Challenge for Hawaii Hawaii s energy costs are among the highest in the nation Need to reduce our dependence on oil while: Keeping electricity costs competitive; Managing environmental impact and public acceptance; Maintaining grid stability and reliability Meeting this challenge requires coordination from all stakeholders: Availability of reliable cost-effective technology; Well-conceived policies grounded by technology; Public/private partnerships to validate commercial implementation of advanced energy systems. 6

7 Hawaii Does Have Substantial Renewable Energy Resources Wind (commercial and viable all islands) Biomass (significant potential but significant barriers) Photovoltaics (commercial, cost competitive) Geothermal (commercial, Big Island) Municipal Solid Waste (H-Power > 50MW) Run-of-river Hydro (limited resource) Ocean Energy OTEC, Wave (UH National Marine Renewable Energy Center awarded by DOE Oct 2008) In spite of resources, less than 10% of our energy is currently from renewables 7

8 The State of Hawaii Has Adopted Four Statutory Energy Objectives , Hawaii Revised Statutes 1. Dependable, efficient, economic energy systems; 2. Increased energy self-sufficiency using indigenous resources; 3. Greater energy security in the face of threats to the state s energy supplies; 4. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from energy supply and use.

9 The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative was launched on January 28, 2008 with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the State of Hawaii and the U.S. Department of Energy the Department of Energy will help Hawaii lead America in utilizing clean, renewable energy technologies. Governor Lingle Hawaii s success will serve as an integrated model and demonstration test bed for the United States and other island communities globally... Assistant Secretary Karsner

10 Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative National Partnership to Accelerate System Transformation The goals are: Achieve a 70% clean energy economy for Hawaii within a generation Increase Hawaii s security Capture economic benefits of clean energy for all levels of society Foster and demonstrate innovation Build the workforce of the future Serve as a model for the US and the world

11 Hawaii s transition to an economy powered by clean energy, instead of imported foreign oil In 2004, Hawaii s RPS included 6% renewables, which would increase only incrementally 80% Percent Renewable Energy 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Range of scenarios under transformational assumptions (i.e., exploiting technical & economic potential) GAP Fundamental systemic transformation is required Range of scenarios under business as usual assumptions (i.e., attainment of RPS, RFS) will require a substantive transformation of regulatory, financial, and institutional systems

12 Scenario 8 Electricity Hawaii could reach 70% clean energy in the electricity sector and reduce oil imports by 20 MM bbl/year by 2030 Summary of 2030 Electricity Results Clean energy achieved 70% Oil reduction (million bbl/yr) CO2 avoided (million ton/yr) Million MWh delivered capacity Efficiency Ocean energy MSW Solar - utility scale Solar - commercial roofs Solar - residential roofs Hydro Geothermal Wind Biomass - direct firing Oil

13 Scenario 8 Transportation High PHEV penetration, local biodiesel and ethanol production Million gallons petroleum fuel avoided Summary of 2030 Transportation Results Clean energy achieved 63% Oil reduction (million bbl/yr) CO2 avoided (million ton/yr) PHEVs Biodiesel Imports Local Biodiesel ETOH Imports Local ETOH CAFE Petroleum

14 Use of Renewables Complicated by Grid Systems 75MW 1300MW Substantive transmission and distribution issues mountainous terrain, sparse system. Unique and substantive difference between peak load vs. base load requirements - available renewable energy taken off line Small grid systems with no interconnections between islands Renewable resource mix, electricity costs, and grid issues provides unique opportunity for validation and deployment of new technologies. HNEI is engaged in several programs addressing grid issues in support of HCEI 5MW 200MW 200MW

15 HNEI Program Areas Hydrogen: Renewable hydrogen production Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park Fuel Cells: Materials and component development Testing, modeling and system optimization Photovoltaics thin film solar cells, deployment and testing Electrochemical Power Systems - batteries and electric vehicles Ocean Resources seabed methane hydrates, ocean energy Biomass and biotechnology: Biomass conversion - solid, liquid and gaseous fuels Algal energy systems Integrated bioenergy systems Technology Validation, Energy Assessment and Policy

16 Energy Roadmapping Develop strategic energy roadmaps to identify economically viable technologies to manage large amounts of as-available renewable energy based power generation Step 1: Develop and validate rigorous analytic models for electricity and transportation Transient Performance (PSLF TM ) for transient stability simulation Production Cost (MAPS TM ) for dispatch and unit commitment rules Step 2: Develop and model future scenarios for deployment of new energy systems including additional renewables, end-use efficiency, and new transportation systems Step 3: Identify and analyze mitigating technologies (DSM, storage, advanced controls, forecasting, future gen) to address systems integration (grid stability) and institutional issues Step 4: Identify programs and projects to validate solutions

17 Step 1: Validate Operation on Big Island with Existing High Renewable Penetration Frequency (Hz) PSLF Historical Data Apollo Windfarm (MW) Time PSLF (seconds) Historical Data Time (seconds) Modeling of Big Island grid identified operational issues associated with high penetration renewables. Models used to characterize advanced technology solutions including forecasting, energy storage, and demand management Tools applicable for evaluation of grid integrated vehicles and hydrogen technologies 17

18 Step 2: Evaluate future scenario Analyze future scenario assuming wind capacity was increased at each of three wind farms on the Big Island. In 2007 In 2018 MW Hawi Renewables 10.5MW V47 660kW 20.6 MW 22.1 MW MW hr Power (MW) Day ~ 15% Night ~ 30% Lalamilo 1.5MW Jacobs 20kW Apollo 20.5MW GE 1.5MW 42 MW 24hr Power (MW) Day ~ 40% Night ~ 70%

19 Step 3: Model the Efficacy of Fast, Inter-Hour Energy Storage Models indicate that a 5MW storage device reduces RMS to below that of the baseline case Higher Wind Penetration Scenario HNEI (via ONR funding) currently installing 1MW, 250kw-hr battery on HELCO system to validate modeling

20 Current Efforts Being Used to Define Technology Needs for Increasing Renewable Energy Use Approximately $20 million investment by DOE and industry partners Kauai Energy Roadmap Develop possible roadmap for increased penetration of renewable energy. Oahu Grid Study (current focus) Validated Oahu grid model being used to address integration of large wind projects on Oahu and other islands (assuming grid connection) Maui Grid Modernization Energy storage, generation and demand-side management technologies being deployed to reduce peak load and enable further expansion of renewable energy Maui Grid Study Validated power systems model used to address impacts of increased wind and the necessary mitigation technologies Big Island Energy Roadmap - Technology approaches to increase energy security and the penetration of renewable energy being evaluated - Storage demonstration project being initiated - Demonstration of hydrogen integration for grid 20 management under discussion

21 Hawaii Natural Energy Institute US Department of Energy State of Hawaii Maui Smart Grid Project Distribution level solutions Develop and demonstrate a distributed automation system that: Aggregates DG, energy storage, and demand response technologies in a distribution system to achieve T&D level benefits. Reduce peak demand by at least 15% using a diverse mix of DG, storage, renewable energy, demand response Identify and validate solutions for mitigating the effects of asavailable renewable energy

22 Hawaii Bioenergy Master Plan Legislatively mandated in 2007 Objective to develop a Hawaii renewable biofuels program to manage the State s transition to energy selfsufficiency based in part on biofuels for power generation and transportation. Contracted to HNEI in June 2008 Supported by State of Hawaii with supplemental funds from US DOE Engaged appropriate stakeholders, technical experts, and information sources throughout the state. Identified priority action items for state and legislature to advance biofuels production in Hawaii

23 Final Document Posted Last Week

24 HNEI Program Areas Hydrogen: Renewable hydrogen production Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park Fuel Cells: Materials and component development Testing, modeling and system optimization Photovoltaics thin film solar cells, deployment and testing Electrochemical Power Systems - batteries and electric vehicles Ocean Resources seabed methane hydrates, ocean energy Biomass and biotechnology: Biomass conversion - solid, liquid and gaseous fuels Algal energy systems Integrated bioenergy systems Technology Validation, Energy Assessment and Policy

25 Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park Test bed for integration and validation of hydrogen generation, storage, and use in a real world environment

26 Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) Fueling Infrastructure - US DOE with State cost share to build and operate H2 fueling station Electrolysis using renewable power Sited at Kilauea Military Camp (Army) Projected to be operational March 2010 Vehicles via DOT/DOI Advanced Transportation Program for Parks and Public Lands and State cost match Fuel cell electric plug-in hybrid shuttle buses Vehicle Conversion by Hawaii Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies Supports National Park Service Climate Friendly Parks program to reduce carbon footprint Potential for significant expansion via DOD and industry pathways. Assumes coupling to grid solutions

27 ClearFuels Technology Inc Developing advanced sustainable biorefineries based on its novel flexible thermochemical biomass-to-syngas (BTG) conversion technology platform ClearFuels can produce and sell multiple renewable biofuels including hydrogen from non-food cellulosic biomass Recent recipient of $ 23 million award from US DOE to develop small scalel biorefinery Multiple Biomass Feedstocks Bagasse Wood Waste Renewable FT Diesel / Jet Fuel Cellulosic Ethanol Proprietary Thermochemical Conversion Process Renewable Power Hydrogen

28 Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility Test programs in support of commercial and military applications Eleven (11) test stands Full engineering support 24/7 operation Secure remote access Validated test protocols H2/O2 capable Testing up to 2 kw MEA and component testing (Industry). Contaminant effects Fuel contaminant effects (DOE) Air contaminant effects (DOE, ONR) Durability studies (ONR, Industry) Stack and subsystem testing for autonomous vehicles (ONR) Hardware-in-the-loop dynamic characterization for autonomous vehicles (Ion Tiger) Alternative fuels (Industry)

29 Ion Tiger Project - ONR Ion Tiger designed and fabricated by Naval Research Laboratory Objective to fly for 24 hours with a 5 lb payload met December watt PEM fuel cell system developed by Protonex HNEI conducting stack and system tests to optimize system durability and maximum mission duration UH developed carbon nanotube modified resins for tanks being evaluated for light weight hydrogen storage

30 HNEI Solar Research Project Areas Technology New processes for processsing of high-performance copper chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells (AFOSR and Industry) Characterization (HECO, DOE, ONR) Monitoring and evaluating performance of current and emerging PV technologies and system configurations Side-by-side technology testing under differing environmental conditions Distributed performance data (e.g. 1 second data to evaluate dynamic effects of cloud cover) to address PV integration issues) H2 O2 sunlight H2O PEC Hydrogen Production Thin Film Photovoltaics PV Technology Validation

31 Electric Hybrid Vehicle & Battery Program Fuel Cell H 2 Storage Electric Motor Funding: Batteries Hawaii Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies US Air Force Advanced Power Technology Office, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. US Navy STTR Program (JSF Program) Southwest Research Institute US DOE/EERE ABR/Idaho Nat Lab Focus on testing, modeling, system simulation for vehicles and grid 2007/2009-

32 Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Test Center UH awarded one of two ocean energy test centers announced by US DOE fall 2008 Objectives: Wave: Facilitate development & implementation of commercial wave energy systems Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: conduct long-term testing of critical components to move OTEC to precommercialization DOE funding ~ $ 1million per year Equivalent support from ONR

33 Program Plan Industry-driven ~ 50% DOE funds to support industry projects Promote partnerships between marine power system developers, utility companies, financing sources, engineering & environmental companies, academia, government agencies, and NDOs Establish up to four field test facilities in the state (Maui, Oahu, and Hawaii) allowing opportunity for developers to test devices under very wide range of environmental conditions Create web-based virtual Center to facilitate information & data sharing. Supports faculty and graduate students in Oceanography, Ocean Eng., Mechanical Eng., and Civil Eng. 33

34 High Yield Tropical Feedstock High yield tropical crops have the potential to meet significant part of state s energy needs model for development elsewhere HNEI and College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources have initiated a multiyear effort to address high yield fuel crops and characterization of suitability for processing

35 Photovoltaics Biocarbons carbon, quartz, and electric power are the key ingredients in producing Si. Dow Corning has initiated a research project with HNEI to evaluate the HNEI Flash Carbonization process for producing biocarbons needed to manufacture Si. Terra preta - the addition of charcoal to the soil greatly enhances plant growth and sequesters carbon Biocarbons are ultra-clean coal. The combustion of biocarbons does not increase the CO2 level of the atmosphere. Biocarbons contain no Hg and virtually no S. The patented, efficient, and quick Flash Carbonization Reactor on the UH campus 35

36 Biofuels from Algal Sources Extraction using Novel Ionic Liquids

37 Center for BioEnergy Research and Development An NSF Industry University Cooperative Research Center

38 Participating Universities South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, SDSMT Kansas State University State University of New York Stony Brook University of Hawaii North Carolina State University National Science Foundation