GCSE GEOGRAPHY KS4 Knowledge Book Case Studies and Examples

Transcription

1 GCSE GEOGRAPHY KS4 Knowledge Book Case Studies and Examples Page 1

2 CASE STUDIES AND EXAMPLES Can be used for any question BUT are essential for 6 and 9 mark questions: Case Studies involve a large scale with multiple topics looked at in-depth Examples involve a smaller scale with a key focus PAPER 1: LIVING WITH THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 2 large case studies 8 smaller examples Section Examples Case Studies The challenge of natural Hazards Tectonic hazard-two contrasting countries: Iceland vs Nyiragongo (DRC) Tropical storm-effects and responses: Typhoon Hyain Recent extreme weather event in UK- causes impacts, management: Somerset Floods The living world Small scale UK ecosystem: Epping Forest Tropical rainforest-causes of deforestation, impacts and issues: Malaysia Cold environment: development opportunities and challenges Alaska or Svalbard Physical landscapes in the United Kingdom (two from rivers, coasts, glacial) Section of river valley - landforms of erosion and deposition River Tees Section of coastline - landforms of erosion and deposition Swanage Coastal management scheme: Lyme Regis or Holderness River flood management scheme: Banbury or River Nene Page 2

3 PAPER 2: CHALLENGES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 3 large case studies 6 smaller examples Section Examples Case Studies Urban issues and challenges Rio urban planning: Favela Bairro Project, Rio Urban regeneration: Olympic Park, London Major city in a LIC or NEE -causes of growth, opportunities, challenges: social, economic, environmental: Rio Major city in the UK - importance, migration, opportunities, challenges: London The changing economic world Growth of tourism in one LIC or NEE: Jamaica One LIC or NEE-economic structure, TNCs, trade, aid, debt: Nigeria UK economic futures industrial Sustainability: Nissan Car plant Sunderland The challenge of resource management (one from food, water, energy) Large scale water transfer scheme: Lesotho Local scheme to increase water supply: Rajasthan, India Page 3

4 PAPER 1 Case Study Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas Malaysia, Causes of deforestation 1. Assess the (size) of the threats how big is the tropical rainforests subsistence and commercial farming threat from humans? 2. Which are the biggest threats why logging 3. What are the problems with each cause how road building does it impact the environment? mineral extraction energy development settlement population Impacts of deforestation 1. Evaluate which is the most important why? economic 2. To what extent does the TRF provide both development economic opportunities and challenges soil erosion loss of biodiversity contribution to climate change Value of the tropical rainforest to people and environment 1. Assess the extent to which the TRF is more valuable to the people than the environment. Strategies used to manage the rainforest sustainably: 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used to manage the rainforest sustainably selective logging and replanting 2. To what extent are management strategies conservation and education successful in the TRF? ecotourism and international agreements about the use of tropical hardwoods debt reduction To what extent are TRF s at risk from human activities? Assess the importance of management strategies used to reduce the risk of environmental damage. Using Figure 8 and your own understanding, explain how deforestation can have economic impacts. Case Study Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas Alaska or Development opportunities: 1. How significant are the opportunities? Svalbard mineral extraction 2. What is the potential damage they can cause? energy fishing tourism Challenges of developing cold environments: 1. How significant are the challenges? 2. How have humans overcome these extreme temperature challenges? inaccessibility 3. Are the challenges restricting development provision of building and infrastructure opportunities? Choose one of the following environments: Environments on the fringe of hot deserts OR Cold environments: To what extent is your chosen environment at risk from human activity? Choose one of the following environments: an area on the fringe of a hot desert or a cold environment. For your chosen environment, assess the importance of management strategies used to reduce the risk of environmental damage. Page 4

5 Iceland vs Nyiragongo (DRC) Primary and Secondary Effects 1. Which are more important? Why? 2. Which were more devastating? Immediate and long-term responses 1. Which were the most important why? How the responses vary between the two 2. Which were the most effective? 3. Were the responses effective/successful? Choose either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. Assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondary effects. Use Figure 5a or 5b and an example you have studied. Using a named example, evaluate the immediate and long-term responses to a tectonic event you have studied Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, suggest why the effects of a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth. Typhoon Hyain Primary and Secondary Effects 1. Which are more important? Why? 2. Which were more devastating? Immediate and long-term responses (including planning look at Hyain, USA and Bangladesh) secondary effects. 1. Which were the most important why? 2. Which were the most effective? 3. Were the responses effective/successful? For a tropical storm you have studied: Assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than Using a named example, evaluate the immediate and long-term responses to a tropical storm you have studied Assess the extent to which prediction is the most important factor in reducing the effects of tropical storms Somerset Floods Causes 1. Physical factors were more important than human factors? 2. Which factors were the most important in causing the flood? 3. Assess the human/physical factors Social, economic and environmental impacts How management strategies can reduce risk 1. Which were the most important why? 2. Which were the most devastating? 3. Can you explain these fully? 4. Assess the impacts e.g. scales/size 1. How effective/successful? 2. Which were the most important 3. Can you explain how the strategies work? For an extreme weather event in the UK you have studied, evaluate its attempts to reduce future risk Explain the impacts of an extreme weather event in the UK you have studied Assess the causes of an extreme weather event in the UK you have studied Page 5

6 Epping Forest Concept of inter-relationships: 1. Assess impact of removing/damaging (deciduous producers producers forest) (could consumers 2. Exemplify inter-dependence (biomass, also use pond as decomposers nutrient cycling, vs leeching etc.) a small-scale food chain ecosystems) food web nutrient cycle Explain why the diagram shown in Figure 9 is an example of nature s recycling system. (can use TRF for this) Section of a coast: Swanage Identify a section of a coastline in the UK to identify its major landforms of erosion and deposition 1. Describe and explain every landform in sequential step by step detail using high level key terms Section of a River Valley: River Tess Describe and explain every landform in sequential step by step detail using high level key terms Rivers: Coasts: V-shaped valleys and inter-locking spurs Bays and headlands (concordant vs discordant) Waterfalls and gorges Wave cut-notches and wave-cut platforms Meanders and ox-bow lakes Caves, arches, stacks and stumps Floodplains and levees Beaches Estuary Sand dunes (entire sequence) Spits Bay Bars (and tombolo s) Coastal management: Lyme Regis or Holderness Understand reasons for management/why the scheme was required The management strategies employed The effects/outcomes and conflicts N/A 1. How effective was the strategy? Was it successful? 2. Why different groups of people had different views? Page 6

7 River flood management: Banbury or River Nene Understand reasons for management/why the scheme was required N/A The management strategies employed Social, economic and environmental issues 1. How effective was the strategy? Was it successful? 2. Why different groups of people had different views? PAPER 1: 9 MARK QUESTIONS FROM SAMS 1. Using a named example, evaluate the immediate and long-term responses to tropical storms. [9 marks] [+ 3 SPaG marks] 2. Choose one of the following environments: Environments on the fringe of hot deserts OR Cold environments: To what extent is your chosen environment at risk from human activity? [9 marks] 3. Choose either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. Assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondary effects. Use Figure 5a or 5b and an example you have studied. [9 marks] [+ 3 SPaG marks] 4. Assess the extent to which prediction is the most important factor in reducing the effects of tropical storms. [9 marks] [+ 3 SPaG marks] 5. Choose one of the following environments: an area on the fringe of a hot desert or a cold environment. For your chosen environment, assess the importance of management strategies used to reduce the risk of environmental damage. [9 marks] Page 7

8 PAPER 2 Case Study Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas Rio De Janerio The location and importance of the city 1. Why is its location an advantage? regionally, nationally and internationally Causes of growth: natural increase and 1. Why is Rio so attractive vs rural areas? migration Urban growth has created opportunities: 1. How significant are the opportunities? Social access to services (health, education, water, energy) 2. Why do people want to access theses? 3. How will these improve people s quality of Economic how industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development life? How urban growth has created challenges: 1. How significant are these challenges? Managing urban growth slums, squatter settlements 2. Are these challenges important? 3. How do these challenges affect people s Services - access to clean water, sanitation systems, energy, health and education quality of life? 4. Do the challenges outweigh the opportunities? Reducing unemployment and crime Managing environmental issues waste disposal, air and water pollution, traffic congestion Assess the challenges for city in an NEE you have studied To what extent has urban change created opportunities in a LIC/NEE city you have studied? For a city in an NEE/LIC you have studied, to what extent does it provide both opportunities and challenges? Favela Bairro How urban planning is improving the quality of life for the poor 1. What was involved? 2. How did it improve people s quality of life? 3. What were the successes and failures? 4. How effective was the urban planning scheme overall? Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for the urban poor. Page 8

9 Case Study Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas London The location and importance of the city in 1. Why is its location an advantage? the UK Impacts of national and international migration on the growth and character of the city 1. What are the major impacts positive and negative (area of origin and destination) Urban growth has created opportunities: Social and economic cultural mix, recreation/entertainment, employment, integrated transport system Environmental urban greening How urban growth has created challenges: Social and economic urban deprivation, inequalities in housing, education, health and employment Environmental dereliction, building on brownfield sites, waste disposal Impact of urban sprawl on the urban-rural fringe and the growth of commuter settlements Assess the challenges for a major UK city you have studied 1. How significant are the opportunities? 2. Why do people want to access theses? 3. How will these improve people s quality of life? 1. How significant are these challenges? 2. Are these challenges important? 3. How do these challenges affect people s quality of life? 4. Do the challenges outweigh the opportunities? To what extent has urban change created opportunities in a major UK city you have studied? For a major city in the UK you have studied, to what extent does it provide both opportunities and challenges? Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban transport scheme(s) you have studied Olympic Park, London Reasons why the regeneration was needed and the main features of the project 1. What was involved? 2. How did it improve people s quality of life? 3. Was it successful socially, economically and environmentally? 4. What were the successes and failures? 5. How effective was the regeneration project overall? Evaluate the success of a regeneration project in helping people improve their quality of life. Evaluate the success of a regeneration project in helping improve the local environment and economy Page 9

10 Case Study Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas Nigeria The location and importance of the country 1. Why is its location an advantage? regionally and globally The wider political, social, cultural and environmental context within which the country is placed Changing industrial structure and the balance of the different sectors within the economy. How the manufacturing industry can stimulate economic development. The role of TNC s in relation to development and the advantages and disadvantages of TNC s to Nigeria The changing political relationships with the wider world International aid types of aid, impacts of aid on the receiving country The environmental impacts of economic development The effects of economic development on the quality of life for the population 1. What is the most important factor influencing the key challenges for Nigeria 1. Why is moving people from primary to secondary to tertiary sector so important for the people and the government? 2. How does manufacturing drive the multiplier effect: a. Wages increases and raised employment b. Taxes invested (education, health and infrastructure c. Nigeria becomes more attractive to further investment d. Increase spending causes more local shops to open which drives employment 1. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 2. Social, economic and environmental impacts (positive and negative) 1. How will the changing role facilitate growth? 1. Which types of aid are most successful? Why? 1. How big are the challenges and how big are the opportunities of economic development 2. Are the economic gains worth it? 1. Does everyone win? 2. Is Nigeria improving everyone s quality of life? Transnational corporations (TNCs) only bring advantages to the host country. Do you agree with this statement? Yes No Justify your decision. To what extent do the benefits of economic development outweigh the environmental impacts? Refer to a NEE/LIC you have studied Content - what do you have to do? Key thoughts/ideas Jamaica How tourism helps to reduce the development gap 1. Benefits and problems of tourism evaluate 2. Evaluate the idea it reduces gap Use an example of a city in a lower income country (LIC) or newly emerging economy (NEE). Evaluate the effectiveness of tourism in reducing the development gap. Use Figure 9 and your own knowledge. Page 10

11 Nissan Car Plant Content - what do you have to do? How modern industrial development can be more environmentally sustainable Key thoughts/ideas 1. Key features 2. Evaluate how environmentally successful is for the future issues and successes 3. Define environmentally sustainable Using Figure 8 to help you, explain how modern industrial developments can be made more environmentally sustainable. Lesotho Content - what do you have to do? Advantages and disadvantages of a largescale water transfer scheme Key thoughts/ideas 1. What was involved? 2. Social, economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages for both Lesotho and South Africa 3. Evaluate how successful it was Examine the advantages and disadvantages of a large scale water transfer scheme that you have studied. Rajasthan, India Content - what do you have to do? How a local scheme has increased sustainable water supplies Key thoughts/ideas 1. What was involved what strategies were used? 2. Social, economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages 3. Did it work? 4. Evaluate how successful it was Use an example from a LIC/NEE to explain how local strategies are being used to increase sustainable supplies of water. PAPER 2: 9 MARK QUESTIONS FROM SAMS 1. To what extent has urban change created opportunities in a UK city you have studied? 2. Suggest how one or more strategies might reduce regional differences in the UK. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban transport scheme(s) you have studied. 4. Transnational corporations (TNCs) only bring advantages to the host country. Do you agree with this statement? Yes No Justify your decision. 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for the urban poor. 6. Use an example of a city in a lower income country (LIC) or newly emerging economy (NEE). Evaluate the effectiveness of tourism in reducing the development gap. Use Figure 9 and your own knowledge. Page 11