Solar photovoltaic energy: A Compendium

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Solar photovoltaic energy: A Compendium"

Millicent Gordon
6 years ago
Views:

1 August 2007 Solar photovoltaic energy: A Compendium w w w.teri i n. o r g The Energy and Resources Institute Prepared for Asian Development Bank

2 Suggested format for citation For more information!" # $%&'$%&''' )*+,-.##,/01 $%&'$$$%&'$2 3''4 56'789''

3 "# %&' *+ $* )*-,*.* /* $5 $1 4$5 )1 4$5 % + 6" 7! $ $ ) ),,,..... $! $) $/ $ $

Solar Photovoltaic Energy ) :8;9,,< 0; = :,, :,>*?)8,9 00 0 ;0 Solar PV technologies Solar cell ;,0, @>0!

5 Solar Photovoltaic Energy ) :8;9,,< 0; = :,, :,>*?)8, ;0 Solar PV technologies Solar cell ) A <, 00#,B,8#B)90#,,0 =,8<)9, <, CD, 0;,, Wafer-based crystalline silicon solar cell technology ) <>", ;, '2<'&E,, 0#C+=, 0<), 0,;@,.,;; 8" T E R I Report No. 2006RT28

2 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status ' =,, 0,;@,/;, @/;, )00"0"0 )0)A0* ) ;, '<'$E,,,

6 2 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status ' )00"0"0 )0)A0* ) ;, '<'$E,,, $8 ', ;,,)<A /;0,;,,! <) )0F=B0)0"0" 0)0)A0* ) Thin film solar cell technology ),, <) # #)0#B)8,,<9,

7 3 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status ;;; <, =,8<)9,<,,,,,/,,,+<, )8931 <,,;0 <), 0 ;? <)C = C <),;,!0 '4<'$2E?; ;,;,,, $<&E <),, )0)0)!!! ",#, # '%2E;;1

8 4 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,80 90=1 < 1,;#,,,#,, ;, ) 0) #! $ %!#$,,, <,.80:; < :2;. = =,,0; #B) /, #B);,/,C "<, 0,,0 : #,<;, =;,8,9 /#)<

9 5 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status ) 0) New and emerging technologies " <, ;2<2,,+ ;4,, +/; ;,@,, G, 1,;, ;2<2,, + ) 0, 'E; ),, >@ ;,,; < &' *<,,0)C)# 8))#90,, = ))# 0, < ; ;*))# 0, ;,,,.; <,,;,;? ;8? :9,,?,,,;</,<< /? : < ;;< /;,,

10 6 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status =? : ;,42E&<'E; ;,,? :"+0 *=)G0)0*"+, ;,;? : Source: Organic photovoltaic cell #,+*0"+0H+0) + 0" 01 ;,, ;, ;,,, ;, Source:

11 7 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status PV module prices G :, US $/Watt $= Source: 40 :,0, ' :,I Years USA JAPAN EUROPE Table 1 Overviews recent prices of various PV modules[1] Sr. No. SPV module Price US $/Wp) 1 Monocrystalline Poly- /Multi- crystalline Thin film 3.00

12 8 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Share of technologies in Global PV market,+;,+ 100% 4.10% 4.30% 5.60% 4.60% 4.40% 3.30% 2.90% 2.60% 0.20% 0.40% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.60% 0.20% 4.40% 4.70% 4.70% 6.40% 4.50% 9.60% 1.10% 1.40% 2.70% 90% 12.30% 8.90% 1.10% 0.20% 0.30% 0.50% 0.50% 80% 70% 46.50% 42.10% 51.60% 54.70% 52.30% 48.20% 57.20% 60% 50.20% 50% 40% 30% 43.40% 40.80% 20% 37.40% 36.40% 34.60% 36.20% 38.40% 32.20% 10% 0% mono c-si multi c-si CdTe a-si CIS ribbon-/sheet c-si /0 9 >$!!/1 & A 8,,9,,+,&E?) 0,< ),$'E '6662E4, ;, 8,<) 9,C *, 40,<)J,4E4 4&$E2$4$E%,, ;! );

13 9 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status ; 0,,,0,,+<),'4E'666 $$E$, 89 0,,,+809 :,+<),, 89 B;,,,!,++I0K) <, 2%0,+<),$$E$$E2% ;<) >,,C A/;<), K)8 4"A'9; )<,; :,+ ),8#B)0#9 ;,+0, ;, += #,, #) # %0 6EE;'$E2 Applications ),,!; Building integrated PV * :, ;" :,/ : / D / = :

14 10 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status PV for remote electrification ;, :) : 0 0, Agriculture :+, 0 0 PV power plants ) : : : Industry ) : ; "+00,, :,; Communication,,,, :,, Commercial applications #,, +0 : Transportation :/ = : Global market scenario ' ; : 2 Table 1 Global PV installation trends by the end of 2005 Cumulative off-grid PV capacity [kw] Cumulative grid-connected PV capacity [kw] Country Domestic Non-domestic Distributed Centralized Total installed PV power [kw] Total installed per capita [W/Capita] PV power installed in 2005[kW] Grid-connected PV power installed in 2005[kW] Australia 8,768 33,073 6,860 1,880 60, ,280 1,980 Austria 2,895 19,973 1,153 24, ,961 2,711 Canada 5,903 9,719 1, , , Switzerland 2, ,240 2,560 27, ,950 3,800 Germany 29,000 1,400,000 1,429, , ,000 Denmark , , Spain 15,800 41,600 57, ,400 18,600 France 13,844 6,232 12, , ,020 5,900 UK , , ,732 2,567 Israel ,

15 11 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Cumulative off-grid PV capacity [kw] Cumulative grid-connected PV capacity [kw] Country Domestic Non-domestic Distributed Centralized Total installed PV power [kw] Total installed per capita [W/Capita] PV power installed in 2005[kW] Grid-connected PV power installed in 2005[kW] Italy 5,300 7,000 8,500 6,700 37, ,800 6,500 Japan 1,148 85,909 1,331,951 2,900 1,421, , ,105 Korea 853 4,810 8,028 1,330 15, ,487 6,183 Mexico 14,476 4, , Netherlands 4,919 43,377 2,480 50, ,697 1,547 Norway 6, , Sweden 3, , USA 100, , ,000 27, , ,000 70,000 Estimated total 202, ,199 3,022, ,909 3,696,800 1,092,851 1,039,917 Source: ==%00 :&&%"A,"A>@+,L'M Global PV cell manufacturing status :, %0= %4E :, 0,, Table 2 Global PV cell manufacturing status % share Asia Japan China Taiwan India Rest of Asia Europe Germany Rest of Europe America USA Australia Africa and Middle East Source: Photon 3/2007

16 12 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Major players 4 ;+ :,+,+% Table 3 Key players in global PV market Manufacturers Technology Market share %) in 2005 Market share%) in 2006[2] Sharp Mono, Multi Q-Cells Mono, multi Kyocera Multi Sanyo HIT Suntech Multi, Mono Motech Multi, Mono Mitshubishi Electric Multi Schott Solar formerly RWE schott) EFG cells Crystalline) BP Solar Multi, LGBC Deutsche cell incl shell) CIS, multi, mono 3.2 shell) N.A. Source: Photon 3/2007 R & D activities?;,,;,,0;< ; :,G N + ;,!;L4M,; #)<,,, ;,; <, 0, / <,;, )/ 0,;,0 /, G,,,,< <0 < 8<)9<, /, 0+<, ; = <,, 8#B)9,,8#9,

17 13 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,,,<, <.,> < <,.<,;,8<)B.9 ;,,! /; <+,;,C Forecasts #,!,,,,,),,0;,,0 0;,,!,00 ++ G0 ;'2E O'>, G 0 ;, 2E O2>,,,,,;<'2E,'2EO2>,,!! ; 2E,O%>, Application of solar PV ) : #0 +;=# G ;;,, 0,, ; 8P6E90 8PE90 0, 8P6E9,?;, )@ ) :) :, ) : 0 ' * : ) 4 ) :,

18 14 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status $ 2 ) % ) Building integrated solar PV ;;,) : ) :,, ; 0Q Solar lanterns Figure 1, 2 Building integrated PV systems = :,, Figure 3 Solar lantern Solar PV based water pumping ) :,, ; 4 ) :,) :,, ) :,,,

5 Solar Electric fencing );;,;,0,,B0 ) : 0 : + +0 Figure 6 Solar PV Street

19 15 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Figure 4 Solar water Pumps Electrical fencing : 0 ;; ;# > :) :,,, ;,+ Signalling Street lighting Figure 5 Solar Electric fencing );;,;,0,,B0 ) : 0 : + +0 Figure 6 Solar PV Street lighting Case studies Hybrid minigrid- based on solar PV [2] A* ) 1; '66%<4 #00

20 16 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Background Objectives ;,0,, ;) );;B 0, ;,; *,! ) 0, ; 00,000 ;/ 0 ;,<; 0 )*;'6&6 ;;&0%4@+,0 204%%@+,,,;,, < ; /, 0,0/ <,,,,,;+ 0+ ) < ;,;; +0 ;,, : <;,, 0 ;0<,,, 0,,,) =,,, ; 0;,; ;,,;,0; + ; "< 0 <=# <+,;.;0 ) :,<,,!;,<,,,,!,/ < + D;, +D;,

21 17 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Results/impacts ;<,,8?N"9 ) :,<,; 4$$2+A;A*=) ;'02,8, >,,9,,< ''+A< ;,2, ;,,< K)O, '02,0; + < : ; 0; &+ #?, 0= ;0 <,< ;,< 80 /9#, '4+ #?+A< 0 '+A,< ; '& #?, =; ) :,< + 0 +, 0, /0 0;, + 0,0,;,,C Keys for success ),<,,,,,!,/0 ;;, 0,, 0 0,, Critical instruments,/0 ;,,;;,,; ;,; ;,,G0,,,0 < G/,0, ;

22 18 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and :,0 0;, )0 /,,, ;, ;;,,,; ; /0,, +, ;@,) :0 ;0,,;,, A;,, ;,;,0,< ;,, ;.;0,/,C, ; ");20,, 2 /; ; ;, ; ;0?N",0; ;,,!" ## ; ;,0,+ ;)0< ;,0 ;,;< 0<; A*=+ ;; :,, ;;,,0;,, ;,, ;

23 19 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Lesson learnt Applicability ),; ',, <!// ;0,,< 0,,,,;, 0?N" 0;,!,, ;,, 0 /0,, 4 A;; 0,,0,,;;,,,! $ # ;,,0 ;0;00; ;;;, ;,,,;,,,, 2 ; ;;,< 0!,?N"", =,<,<,,0,<,0<<;,0+?N"@,,; 0,;, R8; ;9,8,0,9R, ;, ;,,, ;,0; <+, <

24 20 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,,;,+ ;;0 ;,)#? ;,0,; 0 ;)#?0 Solar lanterns[2] )= ",,= )#8= )#90 : 43,,00 Background )1;, ; ; = " 0B;,0 '%'06&0%$&< ; <,,,,,,+ ;, 0+ 0,,; 0 ; 0 0,;, "#; )0 B;,0; ;@,$ A;0/, 2242;,# B;,),;,,,@ $$'0$&'4'" 4,,,, ; "+<+,; < C <,+:,,+0 ;;,,'20@,,0,;;;;,

25 21 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Objectives 40,,;0,,+, ;,+;,;,; ;+ ;,, ;, Description of the activity );,; ;;,, ',,,= 0, 8= )#9,'&,,",,;!,; )#,0;;,,,0,,,,,, ; ; =, K,,, K0,;,;0 /, 0G,0;0, 0 ;, ; ; ;, Critical instruments $ #,,+ ; ;,+ $

26 22 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,= )#;;,,;< ;,0 ;<,,,,0, +;;; ; S,,T),0,, % A,0 ;,<; ; ;0,0;, <,+ & 0 $; 40;'0+,,,,+,,2= 0 ; ,#?8, $2+,#?+9,;, ;, +,K, ; Lesson learnt ' ),,, 4 = ;0,+ ;,; $,+ ;C <,+ 2 ;;, ; Potential and applications ;,,,G /,

27 23 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status = )#0 ;,,) # :,,,?,!,,+ 8!420 9, ; ; Promotion of solar PV pumping systems[2] *)!0! ;,= 0 : 0;,8:,,90 0 ;,= 8=90"<#; ) 8")9'6663*#0 0,,0=0; Background! A 0UJ1 = 0;&$ ;,!;; + B;,'66<6& 62020, '20 * 0, ;, ;,2, :,!")>=!;,,,0,+;, Objectives,, ;,,;,,0

28 24 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Description of the activity K) ;A,,, ")0! ;,= 8 =9 2,! A,;, 06A 8'9, 0;2,, 8'&A 9,, 420! ;,= 8 =90,0!) B;,+ ; ' =;'&A 89 ;,, "),.,,,=,,<,8,0+; ' ; ;/,/ ;,<,,<,, 9 4?<,,<,,0,; ;,J, '20420'&<A, ; '$0, 2&, =;,0 ;, +0 ;,0, '0 = = 0=; C+; ;; ;,0@;!;,;<

29 25 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,,,; <,0 B;,,,,,,<,, =;,<,,=,0,420,,D,, = G,,,,!! +.0K 0 B!0*0=,,,!, <' Critical instruments $ #,;,,,,,, # =,, /,,,,. 0) :,,, ;0,,2,,,0!,'0=.0 ; ) :,, /,,,0,,, :,, 0,0 ),,/ >;,, ' =;;,!=,0 ;, /+

30 26 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status,=!,/,4200 ;,,; &,, '666.;0,' K,0',;!'44'"40,) :, 20''4,, :, ;$0%0/ =,; 0,,,;; ;, Lesson learnt ),,,,;6A, ;,+C,,=,'& A,!,; Potential for application ),,;;.0= 0K 0B! 1<;,,,, References ' " 0B;, 4 ;,0 ;,? C $CC, 2 >>

31 27 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Bibliography, ; <;

32 28 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status

33 29 Solar Photovoltaic Energy: Trends and Status Annexure Manufacturers details Name of Manufacurer Contact Details Website 1 Sharp 5901 Bolsa Avenue Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA 2 Q-Cells Guardian Str. 16, Thalheim, Germany q-cells@q-cells.com 3 Suntech Power 17-6 Chang Jiang South Road, New District sales@suntech-power.com Holdings Co., Ltd. Wuxi Jiangsu, Province, China, Kyocera Corporation se@kyocera.co.jp 5 Motech 6F, No. 248, Sec-3, Pei-Shen Rd., 222, Shenkeng Hsiang, Taipei, Taiwan t&m@motechind.com 6 Sanyo info.solar@sanyocomponent.com 7 SolarWorld D Bonn, Germany Phone: service@solarworld.de 8 Baoding Tianwei No Middle FuXing Road, Boarding, China Yingli Phone: commerce@yinglisolar.com 9 First Solar info@firstsolar.com 10 Mistubishi Electric shimada.naoto@db.mitsubish ielectric.co.jp hielectric.com 11 Sunpower sales@sunpowercorp.com com 12 BP Solar TATA BP SOLAR INDIA LTD 78, Electronics City Hosur Road tatabp@tatabp.com ar.com/ Bangalore Tel: Schott Solar 4 Suburban Park Dr.,Billerica, MA USA info.solar@us.schott.com 14 Isofoton isofoton@isofoton.com 16 BHEL P.B. 2606, Mysore Road, Bangalore, India scpv@bheledn.co.in 17 Moser Bear Plant V Exports) 66, Udyog Vihar, Greater Noida Tel info@moserbaer.net er.com/

Solar energy for electricity production: Photovoltaics (PV)

Solar energy for electricity production: Photovoltaics (PV) Chiara Candelise Doctoral researcher Imperial Centre for Energy Policy and Technology (ICEPT) Page 1 Energy from the Sun HEAT (Solar thermal