Wind Energy and Ancillary Services

Transcription

1 Wind Energy and Ancillary Services M. Annese, Responsabile Grid&SCADA area MED 16/02/2018, Roma, Convegno ANEV, «I servizi di rete nel sistema elettrico decarbonizzato: il contributo della fonte eolica»

2 System services from wind power Agenda Introduction Forecasting wind What can wind do for the power system? VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Conclusion and what to remember 2 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

3 Vestas in brief The only global wind energy company + 22,700 We employ more than 22,700 people worldwide and have more than 35 years of experience with wind energy +37,500 We have more than 37,500 turbines under service agreements, or around 72 GW + 62,000 We have more than 62,000 turbines or 87 GW installed in 76 countries worldwide spanning six continents M. Annese, 16 February 2018

4 Vestas in Italy since 1998 Sales, construction, service and blade production unit + 1,103 Vestas is present in Italy since 1998 and employ around 675 people in Blade Factory and around 428 people in Sales and Service organization +4,142 MW We have more than 4GW under service agreements + 3,837 MW We have close to 4GW total installed capacity 4 M. Annese, 16 February

5 System services from wind power Agenda Introduction Forecasting wind What can wind do for the power system? VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Conclusion and what to remember 5 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

6 Forecast How good can we predict the wind power? VestasOnline PowerForecast Vestas Forecast Example German portfolio Portfolio of nearly 956MW 12h forecast Approx. 5% mean absolute error 36h forecast less than 10% mean absolute error Conclusion: Accurate Forecast is a must to participate to Ancillary Service market Good accuracy on short time horizons Wind power more predictable with Intraday and Day Ahead Forecast Wind can participate in Ancillary Service markets on short time horizons Vestas Online Power Forecast Report: Forecast period , MAE: mean absolute error. RMSE root mean square error 6 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

7 System services from wind power Agenda Introduction Forecasting wind What can wind do for the power system? VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Conclusion and what to remember 7 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

8 Balancing the power system requires flexible production units What is flexibility? Production MW (2) How Long time? (4) How often? (1) How Fast to Ramp Down? (3) How Fast to Ramp Up? Time 8 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

9 What can wind do for the power system? Wind: the most flexible generation Technology Ramp Rate Minimum Stable Output Wind Power ±100% in tens of seconds Lower than 20% Minimum Down Time Tens of seconds Combined Cycle Gas Plants ±2.5% per min >40%-50% Hours Coal Fired Plants ±1% per min >25% Hours Pump Hydro Plants +100% per min or -100% per min >40% Minutes Nuclear >50% Days-Weeks Interconnector 10% per min Trading Dependent Seconds SOURCE: ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EPRI) VALUES FOR WIND POWER ARE BASED ON VESTAS 9 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

10 Flexibility in power regulation Utilize wind turbines as fast control Example Fast Power Regulation of Wind Power Plant Wind is able to change power set-point very fast Changing set-point 16.5MW 37.1MW 21.7MW Øst for Vemb Denmark 12 x V MW 10 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

11 Fast Power Regulation Utilize wind turbines as control and Primary Frequency Regulation Example Fast Frequency Control Ramp-up test Øst for Vemb, Denmark 100% in 15 secs Advantage Wind is able change power set-point very fast Fast down regulation Challenges: Forecast horizon of wind Up-regulation capability is normally expensive due to need of spinning reserve or storage Important conclusion Develop ancillary service markets with short time horizon Split frequency control into upward/downwards frequency market allowing asymmetrical bids A SlopeAB B f nom P (kw) C DMOL* 60% in 5 secs UF DB OF f dbuf P max P 0 DMOL* f dbof SlopeCD D f stop E F frequency test 5MW 39MW *DMOL: Plant level technical minimum operation level without pausing WTGs (e.g. 10%P nominal). f measurement (Hz) 11 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

12 What can wind do for the power system? Voltage Regulation Supporting the system voltage Fast reactive power control loop Fast voltage control loop Voltage droop control Voltage PI control Increased Power Losses due to higher level of current circulation in the collector system 12 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

13 Steady-state Reactive Power Control Response in Q-control mode: Reactive power reference steps ~9.5% (10MVAr) Qref Qmeas Reactive Power [PU] Time [s] Response time in the order of 1s Reactive Power [PU] Qref Qmeas M. Annese, 16 February 2018 Time [s]

14 Steady-state Reactive Power Control Response in V-control mode (droop): Voltage step ~1% - 10% droop Vref Vmeas Voltage [PU] Qref 14 Qmeas Time [s] Reactive Power [PU] M. Annese, 16 February 2018 Time [s]

15 Steady-state Reactive Power Control Response in V-control mode (closed loop controller): Voltage step ~1% Vref Vmeas Voltage [PU] Time [s] Reactive Power [PU] Time [s] Qref_WTGs Qmeas_PCC 15 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

16 Hybrid system can help on Ancillary Services Complementarity of wind, solar and storage can help on active power, frequency and voltage control secure license to operate and/or enter into new markets Increase Energy Production Use complementary generation to increase AEP and optimize supply-demand match Improved Capacity Factor Complementary generation patterns Mitigates physical assetrelated restrictions Reduce CAPEX, OPEX and DEVEX Reduction from sharing & optimization of equipment and infrastructure Case specific avoidance of some equipment Fulfill grid codes and enter new revenue streams More stable load/quality to comply with strict grid codes Higher price of energy and new ancillary services revenues 16 M. Annese, 16 February 2018 Right-sized assets improve project return Increase production Reduce intermittency/forecast error Allow energy reserve Support voltage control

17 Vestas Hybrid Power Plant Focus Wind, PV and storage in co-located setup multi MW-scale grid-connected. SAWP for small plants. PPC/SCADA PPC/SCADA PPC/SCADA PPC/SCADA TC Co-located wind and PV Co-located wind and storage Co-located wind, PV and storage Solar Assisted Wind Power (SAWP) Pilot: Louzes, GR Pilot: Lem Kær, DK Bespoke: Kennedy, AU Pilot: SPAIN 17 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

18 System services from wind power Agenda Introduction Forecasting wind What can wind do for the power system? VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Conclusion and what to remember 18 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

19 VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Central control system to enable System PCC Point of Measurement Point of connection Vestas VOB SCADA: Monitoring plant and component operation Interface for the plant operator Vestas Power Plant Controller (PPC): Dedicated controller for grid PCC Real time, fast, reliable, precise control Receives and dispatches setpoints Manages WTGs and other BoP components Control platform open to integrate third party equipment via various industrial protocols Option to integrate additional Q sourcing 19 M. Annese, 16 February

20 System services from wind power Agenda Introduction Forecasting wind What can wind do for the power system? VestasOnline Power Plant Controller Conclusion and what to remember 20 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

21 Conclusion What to remember? Many technical possibilities to support the power system with wind power through real time centralized control system Wind farms are not thermal power plants they have different characteristics (sometimes better than power plants) We need commercial/regulatory changes to create a more level playing field and thereby enabling wind power to support the system Markets need to be adapted to get the advantage of wind power Examples on how to adapt the market: - Divide products into Up and Down regulation - Ancillary service remuneration - Develop ancillary service markets with short time horizon 21 M. Annese, 16 February 2018

22 Thank you for your attention