Global Initiative on Transport Emissions. Presentation at CSD-9. George Tharakan. April 24, 2001

Transcription

1 Global Initiative on Transport Emissions Presentation at CSD-9 George Tharakan April 24,

2 Wide Variation in Transport Energy Use 2

3 Developing Country Transport Emissions Increasing Auto Dependence 200% 150% Traffic Congestion in Mega cities 100% 50% All sectors Transport sector Non-transport sector Obsolete Vehicle and Fuel Technology 0% -50% OECD Total Africa Latin America Former USSR Eastern Europe Middle East China Asia excl. China Worldwide -100% Growth in Carbon Dioxide Emissions by world region,

4 Increasing Dependence on Automobiles Public transport share in passenger trips as low as 20% in some cities and typically below 60%. In the Middle East and North Africa, passenger car use growing at almost 10% per annum in the last 25 years. Energy use in transport has doubled in the last 20 years. Lack of adequate public transport is a key factor in this increase in auto use. 4

5 Growing Traffic Congestion Average traffic speeds of less than 10 km/h in some mega cities situation deteriorating with rapid motorization. Inefficient utilization of road space - lack of parking controls, facilities, and institutional structures for parking management. Inadequate traffic management - traffic signal systems often not functioning or functioning poorly. Encroachment of road space by pedestrians due to lack of pedestrian facilities. 5

6 Obsolete Vehicle and Fuel Technology High average age of vehicle fleets and low scrappage rate. Poor fuel quality with high lead and sulfur contents. Poor maintenance of vehicle fleets, lack of strong Inspection/Maintenance programs. Indigenous production of obsolete vehicle models with low fuel efficiency and poor emission controls. 6

7 Cairo - A Typical Situation Average traffic speeds < 10 km/h and congestion estimated to result in losses of about US$400 million p.a. City well endowed with road space ( ~ 20% of area), but utilization is poor. Internal street networks have been given up to illegal parking. Public transport accounts for 50% of passenger trips as compared with over 80% for mega cities in Asia. 7

8 Tehran Transport Emissions Reduction Project Ranking of Air Pollution Reduction Programs Inspection and Maintenance : 257,575 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1 million Traffic Management : 18,621 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1million New vehicles : 1,235 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1 million Old vehicles : 391 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1 million Fuel Substitution: 233 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1 million Public Transportation : 186 tons reduction in air pollution/us$1million Training : At least 20% reduction in air pollution 8

9 Cairo International Roundtable, December Declaration Assist countries in phasing out leaded gasoline by Target emissions of high-circulation vehicles -taxis, public transport, etc. Encourage use of environmentally friendly, energy efficient transport. Develop and enforce meaningful vehicle emission standards, and set up Inspection/ Maintenance programs to ensure enforcement. Set and work toward energy efficiency targets for vehicle fleets. Integrate urban and transport planning to increase use of mass transit. Re-formulate cost structure of vehicle use/ownership, so that the lifetime costs better reflect the externalities associated with vehicle use. Develop land-use policies that reduce energy consumption in transport. Establish databases to measure and monitor the air pollution problem. 9

10 UN-WB Global Initiative on Transport Emissions International GITE National International Multi-Lateral Agencies Standards and goals Transport Emissions Knowledge Initiative Fleet data National Policy Governments & National Institutions Strategic Business Partners Available Solutions Partnership Vehicles Fuels Technology Modernization Technology Needs Automotive & Petroleum Industries Financial Institutions & Donors Resource Mobilization Small Initiatives Clearinghouse - project development Project Definition Emission Control Fuel Efficiency Projects 10

11 Transport Emissions Knowledge Initiative Objectives Strengthen capacity to gather, analyze, and use transport energy data Strengthen policy formulation in the area of transport emissions control Activities Web Page Transport energy model Regional workshops Development of national networks 11

12 Partnership for Vehicle and Fuel Technology Modernization Objectives Upgrade manufacturing processes and available technologies for vehicle manufacturing, maintenance and operations Improve quality of transport fuels Activities Web page Reports on vehicle manufacturing and fuel supplies Regional workshops 12

13 Small Initiatives Clearinghouse Objective Provide information on small transport projects focusing on emissions reduction and energy efficiency, and assist in their development Activities Identify and prepare projects to concept stage Mobilize financial and technical resources to support projects Web page 13

14 Thank you! 14