KOSSA Practice Items Environmental Science/Natural Resources. OB-ESS a

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1 OB-ESS a 1. This piece of legislation was passed in 1969 to protect animal species whose numbers were declining. A. U.S. Endangered Species Act B. U.S. Plant and Wildlife Act C. U.S. Extinct Prevention Act D. U.S. Wildlife Preservation Act OJ-ESS a 2. Which of the following includes the three types of solid waste? A. Organic, Inorganic, Organic Mixture B. Radioactive, Hazardous, Nonhazardous C. Wetlands, Farmland, Commercial Property D. Solid, Liquid, Gas OJ-ESS a 3. Which of the following has been identified as the most practical management option for solid waste? A. Lake B. Recycling Plant C. Lagoon D. Landfill ON-ESS b 4. Although this product releases sulfur dioxide when released, it provide 68% of the electricity in the United States. A. Coal B. Oil C. Natural Gas D. Petroleum OC-ESS c 5. Chlorofluorocarbons have been found to damage: A. Aerosol Sprays B. The Ozone Layer C. Refrigeration Units D. Water Pumps and Equipment

2 OE-ESS a 6. The bodies of plants, animals, and humans consist of approximately what percentage of water? A. 10% B. 40% C. 70% D. 90% OE-ESS b. 7. Which of the following is not true about water? A. Composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen B. Universal Solvent C. Freezes at 0 F D. Covers 70% of the earth s surface OG-ESS a 8. A ph of 7 is: A. Basic B. Neutral C. Acidic D. 7 ppm OE-ESS b. 9. The function of a watershed is to: A. Protect potable water tanks from the weather B. Release a consistent flow of water throughout the year C. Shelter a water pump D. Remove contaminants from the water OE-ESS c. 10. One of the most significant ways that agriculture negatively affects the water supply is: A. Irrigation Systems B. Chemicals C. Hybrid Crops D. Wetlands OD-ESS a. 11. Which of the following is not a factor in the weathering of soil? A. Temperature Changes B. Depletion of Ozone Layer C. Plant Roots D. Water

3 OD-ESS b. 12. Which of the following uses of soil and land continues to increase at the expense of all other uses? A. Urbanization B. Livestock Grazing C. Crop Production D. Forests OD-ESS b. 13. Which term is not considered to be a physical property of the soil? A. Texture B. Slope C. Drainage D. Soil Solution OD-ESS a. 14. Which of the following soil particles is smallest? A. Sand B. Gravel C. Clay D. Silt OD-ESS b. 15. Of all the organisms living in the soil, which are most numerous? A. Microorganisms B. Mammals C. Amphibians D. Insects OD-ESS c. 16. What soil horizon is most important in supporting plant growth? A. O B. A C. B D. C OD-ESS a. 17. Decay of organic matter is caused by A. Large Animals B. Microbes C. Rodents D. Water

4 OF-ESS a. 18. Which of the following is an example of one of the types of wetland? A. Jurisdictional B. Corps Guided C. Saturated D. Open Waters OF-ESS b. 19. The number one defining characteristic of a wetland is A. Soil Composition B. Presence of fermentation C. Water D. Plant Life OF-ESS c. 20. Which concept allows individuals to classify local wetlands? A. Soil-Based Hydro Testing B. Swamp Identification Database C. Hydro Land Analysis D. Hydrogeomorphic Approach OA-ESS a. 21. A researcher is performing research determining the impact of industry on a town s water supply. What is the most important trait of this researcher throughout this process? A. Unbiased B. Excellent Writer C. Researcher has completed this task prior D. Effective Speaker OF-ESS a. 22. With which type of soils are wetlands primarily associated? A. Organic B. Sandy C. Hydric D. Loamy OF-ESS a. 23. Which of the following is the chief organization ensures that proper permits are obtained in regard to use of wetlands? A. United States Department of Agriculture B. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers C. Environmental Protection Agency D. Nature Conservancy

5 OD-ESS a. 24. A practice that protects soil from the destructive forces of wind and flowing water is: A. Soil Conservation B. Erosion C. Siltation D. Sedimentation OK-ESS c. 25. Which of the following is not an approved way to deal with agricultural chemicals? A. Take leftover chemicals to a hazardous waste station for disposal B. Dilute leftover materials with water before pouring them out C. Carefully follow directions for use that are printed on the container D. Avoid spraying chemicals when windy conditions prevail OJ-ESS a. 26. Which of the following is a source of municipal solid waste? A. Household Garbage B. Mine Waste C. Logging Waste D. Waste from Industrial Processes OJ-ESS a. 27. The most important characteristic of a containment landfill is: A. Maximum degradation of waste materials B. Minimum seepage C. Proximity to pollution centers D. Soil type OJ- ESS c. 28. The most promising practice for reducing the amount of solid waste deposited in landfills is: A. Reducing the consumption of packaged goods B. Recycling waste materials C. Eliminating the production of radioactive wastes D. Eliminating paper and plastic packaging materials OJ-ESS b. 29. In the United States, the amount of waste generated per person each day is: A. 1.8 pounds B. 3.1 pounds C. 4.4 pounds D. 7.2 pounds

6 ON-ESS a. 30. What equipment is used to clean natural gas before it is used? A. Extraction unit B. Seismograph C. Gravimeter D. Magnetometer AB The U.S. Department of Energy reports that 68% of coal is used for the production of electricity and 13% is used for steel production. What the ratio comparing the percentage of coal used for steel production: electricity? A. 1:3 B. 1:4 C. 1:5 D. 1:6 ON-ESS a. 32. An energy source obtained from the heat of the Earth s molten core is A. Nuclear power B. Geothermal power C. Solar energy D. Methane ON-ESS b. 33. The waste materials obtained from the production of methane are used for A. Animal feeds B. Formulating asphalt C. Lining municipal waste sites D. Crop fertilizer OM-ESS a. 34. Which of the following is not another name for hazardous material? A. VOC B. HAZMAT C. PSP D. NPSP OM-ESS b. 35. The legal and sensible way to deal with a spill of a suspected hazardous material is to A. Immediately call for a HAZMAT team to assess and clean up the material as necessary B. Treat the spill as you would any other spill C. Collect samples of the material and send them to a laboratory for analysis D. Call the local sanitation department to clean up the spill

7 OI-ESS a. 36. Pollution that can be traced back to a specific source is known as A. Mutagenic B. Non-point source pollution C. Carcinogenic D. Point source pollution AB Joseph researched water quality in central Kentucky. He found that Point A had one eighth more healthy microorganisms than Point B. The amount of microorganisms at Point A was 5 million. How many microorganisms did Point B have? A. 750,000 B. 725,000 C. 650,000 D. 625,000 AA A local ecologist has been elected by his peers to be the team leader for the upcoming year. The working environment is positive and efficient. What should be his focus as team leader? A. Conflict Resolution B. Strategic Planning C. Orientation of Employees D. Building Trust AB A park manager is making plans to add markers along the trails in the local state park. He has a total of 80 markers to install. If the cost of labor is $8.99/marker installed and the cost of the marker itself is $4.50/marker, what is the estimate of the cost to carry out this project? A. $800 B. $900 C. $1000 D. $1100 OC-ESS a. 40. The inner most layer of the earth s atmosphere is: A. Troposphere B. Ionosphere C. Mesosphere D. Stratosphere

8 OC-ESS a. 41. The storage of carbon in the atmosphere that has slowed the rate of atmospheric carbon levels is called: A. Greenhouse Effect B. Global Warming C. Carbon Sequestration D. Carbon Footprint AA For any environmental organization or business, one of the most important components in being successful is: A. Profit B. Positive Working Atmosphere C. Marketing D. Loyal Customers/Members OG-ESS b. 43. The most notable difference between organic and inorganic compounds is the presence of: A. Nitrogen B. Iron C. Zinc D. Carbon OH-ESS a. 44. Which of the following is not an example of a microorganism? A. Fungi B. Archaea C. Canine D. Bacteria OH-ESS a. 45. What is the purpose of a bioassay test? A. Determine the impact of a substance on a nonliving organism B. Monitor environmental pollutants C. Provide an exemption for keeping a control in experiments D. To be utilized in a laboratory only OH-ESS c. 46. The most important component in using chemicals in environmental service systems for both short and long terms is: A. Follow the regulations on the label B. Bi-monthly observations C. Graduate Degree in Environmental Science D. Overestimation of Quantity

9 OI-ESS b. 47. The most direct indication of pollution by industry is: A. Soil Quality B. Air Quality C. Wetland Quality D. Carbon Sequestration OK-ESS a. 48. Which of the following is not a chemical or physical characteristic of water? A. 2 Hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 Oxygen atom B. Liquid at standard temperature and pressure C. It carries a slight positive charge D. Has a high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization OL-ESS a. 49. Which of the following is defined by any water that has been adversely affected? A. Source water quality B. Wastewater C. Water Assessment D. Hazardous Waste OJ-ESS b. 50. Organisms that carry out the concept of composting are: A. Aerobic Bacteria B. Anaerobic Bacteria C. Small Animals D. Plankton OJ-ESS a. 51. The most significant impact of recycling includes: A. Ease of the process B. Ability to reuse materials C. Innovation D. Community Involvement OJ-ESS b. 52. Which of the following cannot be recycled? A. Glass Bottles B. Uncoated Paper C. Aluminum Cans D. Paint

10 AA What is the most important part of having an individual role on a team? A. Use individual strengths to designate roles B. All individuals are administrators C. Limit discussions of conflict D. Brainstorm only with small groups of team members AA The most important interpersonal communication skill to have when working with a group on conflict resolution: A. Written Communication B. Listening C. Oral Communication D. Nonverbal Gestures AB Jerry measured 65 inches of plant growth with his research project on the environmental impact of chemicals on plants. He must convert this to yards to align all numbers in his project. In decimal form, how many yards is 65 inches? A. 1.8 yards B. 2.1 yards C. 5.5 yards D. 6.0 yards

11 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. A