The Austrian P-budget as a basis for resource optimization

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Sharlene Haynes
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1 The Austrian P-budget as a basis for resource optimization Paper in preparation L. Egle 1,2, O. Zoboli 2, S. Thaler 1,2, H. Rechberger 1,2, M. Zessner 1,2 1) Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria 2) The Centre for Water Resource Systems (CWRS) at the Vienna University of Technology. Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria

2 Conceptual model System boundaries Austrian national boundaries 30 cm soil; atmosphere not considered Average year Population: 8.3 Mio inhabitants System components 9 processes (analyzed as sub-processes) 6 stocks 64 external flows Calculation Mass flow of goods/materials + uncertainty P concentration + uncertainty Cross-checking, when possible Balance, reconciliation and error propagation by STAN

3 Results Total system Total import: 8.4 ± 5% kgp/cap*yr Total export: 6.3 ± 6% kgp/cap*yr Total stock change: +2.2 ± 5% kgp/cap*yr Full dependency on P-import, but only 1/3 of imported phosphate ore is used in Austria Food production and Consumption Major flows between Animal husbandry, Crop farming and agrifood industry 36% of total P fertilizers are mineral fertilizers Stock increase in agr. soils: +0.7 ± 9% kgp/cap*yr 21% efficiency of food supply chain Stock increase in households (home composting?) Waste and wastewater P removal from wastewater > 85% Reduced impact on water bodies, more affected by erosion/diffuse sources Municipal sewage sludge and carcass meal have a potential of substituting 75% of P-mineral fertilizers Highest stock increase in Waste management

4 Waste management Distribution / treatment / storage processes P is highly distributed Final destinations are: Landfill/Cement kilns 44% ; Agriculture 29% ; Export 12% ; Landscaping 10% ; Gardening 5%

5 Municipal sewage sludge Results Municipal sewage sludge flow: 0.8± 5% kgp/cap*yr Potential of substitution of P-mineral fertilizers: 40% 27% is reused in agriculture (16% direct application) 11% is reused in landscaping 2% is exported 60% is lost in landfills and cement kilns Distribution of P from Municipal sewage sludge. All values expressed in %, referred to the initial P content of Municipal sewage sludge (100%).

6 Animal waste Results Animal wastes flow: 0.72 ± 10% kgp/cap*yr Potential of substitution of P-mineral fertilizers: 35% 13% is reused in agriculture 36% is exported 51% is lost in cement kilns Distribution of P from Animal waste. All values expressed in %, referred to the initial P content of Animal waste (100%).

7 Ongoing work Next research question How has the Austrian P-budget changed in the last 20 years? Methodology Same conceptual model, with optimizations (e.g. more detailed research in the Consumption/Household process) Collection/Estimation of time series-data for all the flows and stocks Balance, data reconciliation and error propagation with STAN for every year Expected results Single MFA, displaying time series for every flow and every stock Trends in flows of goods/materials Changes/trends of P-concentration in flows of goods/materials, due to different composition in time Dilution of P Different uncertainty ranges, according to heterogeneous data availability in the past

8 Example: P-flows related to treatment of organic material in biogas plants Market boom after Green electricity law in 2002 Stagnation of new projects after new law in 2006 Main use of manure and organic wastes until 2002 Rapid increased use of energy crops after Cumulated installed power of biogas plants (MW) 0 Source: E-Control-Ökostrombericht Wastewater 4% Materials input in 2002 Organic waste 24% Rye silage 4% Other energy crops 4% Biowaste 9% Sudan grass 3% Materials input in 2008 Whey 6% Rest 5% Cattle manure 5% Energy crops 9% Others 1% Grass silage 7% Other 17% Cattle dung 3% Pig manure 9% Manure 62% Maize silage 45% Source: Resch et al Source: E-Control-Ökostrombericht 2010

9 Example: P-flows related to treatment of organic material in biogas plants Preliminary results Sharp increase of total material and energy crops consumption after 2003 (delay of 1 year from the law in 2002) Slower increase of other materials Sharp increase of P load after 2003 Variations of P concentration of the flows, given to their changing composition 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,000 0 Materials consumption in biogas plants (t/yr) Energy crops Industrial organic wastes Manure Municipal sewage sludge TOTAL P concentration in substrates flows into biogas plants (kgp/t) 3,000 P load into biogas plants (t/yr) ,500 Energy crops Energy crops Industrial organic wastes Manure Municipal sewage sludge 2,000 1,500 1, Industrial organic wastes Manure Municipal sewage sludge TOTAL

10 Thank you for your attention! Ottavia Zoboli Centre for Water Resource Systems (CWRS) at the Vienna University of Technology. Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria

50/2015 Rechberger, H.; Zoboli, O.; Zessner, M. (2015) Historical analysis of Phosphorus flows in Austria In Proceedings: International Workshop

50/2015 Rechberger, H.; Zoboli, O.; Zessner, M. (2015) Historical analysis of Phosphorus flows in Austria In Proceedings: International Workshop Mining the Technosphere - Drivers and Barriers, Challenges