Water Conservation and Water Demand Management

Transcription

1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management SARPA 12 JULY 2013 Martin Labuschagne Water Use Efficiency Recognition: WRP and Re Solve Consulting Engineers

2 Contents of Presentation Definitions Why must we conserve water Fish to Tsitsikamma study EC and National NRW Meters Leaks Shools What to do?

3 WCDM Legal Requirement Basically the LAW (WS Act and Water Act) states that in searching and developing new bulk sources, the WSA MUST (not MAY, they MUST) investigate all possible sources, of which WC&DM MUST be one, and then the cheapest source will be the one to develop, and after that the next cheapest etc.

4 We will be putting in place measures to reduce our water loss by half by National Problem Statement The Honourable President Jacob Zuma statement during the 2010 State of the Nation address said We are not a water rich country. Yet we still lose a lot of water through leaking pipes and inadequate infrastructure.

5 Def: Water Demand Management The adaptation and implementation of a strategy, (policies and initiatives) by water institutions or consumers to influence the water demand and usage of water in order to meet any of the following objectives: economic efficiency, social development, social equity, environmental protection, sustainability of water supply and services and political stability.

6 Def: Water Conservation The minimization of loss or waste, the care and protection of water resources, and the efficient use of water

7 Four Pillars: Water Conservation Technical Interventions WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, WATER METER REPLACEMENT PROGRAM, LEAK DETECTION, PRESSURE MANAGEMENT, REPLACE AGEING INFRASTRUCTURE, RETROFIT PROGRAMS, REMOVAL OF ILLEGAL CONNECTIONS ETC Institutional Interventions POLICIES BY-LAWS ETC Economical Interventions ACCURATE BILLING, METERING, WATER AUDITS Social Interventions CONSUMER EDUCATION AND AWARENESS

8 Why Conserve? Water in South Africa is scarce: 65% of SA has less than 500mm/yr Average in world is 800mm/year Most of the water in our dams are used by the various water sectors Not much water left for development

9 Eastern Cape Strategy

10 16 x Local Municipalities 1 x Metropolitan Municipality 3 x District municipalities Study Area

11 Objectives To make more effective and efficient use of the existing and available water resources by all water use sectors in the study area; To develop realistic water saving targets for the respective water use sectors and quantify the impact on current and future water requirements in the study area; To enable the Catchment Management Agency (CMA) and the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to free-up additional water, which can be put to beneficial use in the public interest;

12 Objectives To conserve water and avoid or delay the implementation of further expensive schemes for transfers and storage which may not be necessary if water is used efficiently; and To provide necessary information to support the implementation of compulsory licensing and related water allocation reforms.

13 Sector Water Use in EC Status Quo Report Urban 16.6% Industrial 0.6% Irrigation 82.8%

14 WC/WDM Strategy Approach Municipality : Develop, Implement, Monitor and Update Do Water Affairs : Support and Regulation Act Vision Water Services Act, 108 of 1997 Provide water services in an efficient, affordable, equitable, economical and sustainable manner to all. Mission His Excellency JG Zuma, State of the Nation Address reduce our water loss by half by 2014 Status Quo Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats (SWOT) analysis of the municipality s Institutional, Social, Technical, Financial/Legal framework, Water balance, etc. Strategy How to achieve the vision and mission using SWOT Analysis. Defines key What, How, Who, When and Measurement which need to be achieved if the mission is to be accomplished. Business Plan Detail of the vision, mission and strategy Implementation Monitoring and Review Measurement to ensure goals and legislative requirements are achieved Check Plan

15 STANDARD IWA WATER BALANCE Authorised Billed Authorised Consumption Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Free basic Revenue Water System Input Volume Consumption Unbilled Authorised Consumption Apparent Losses Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorised Consumption Customer Meter Inaccuracies Non Revenue Water Losses Real Losses Leakage on Transmission and Distribution Mains Leakage and Overflows at Storage Tanks Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer Meter Water

16 Potential savings System Input Volume Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water System Input Volume Revenue Revenue Water Water Non- Revenue Non- Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water Water Reduced SIV and NRW

17 Efficiency versus Non-revenue water System Input Volume = 400 l/c/d Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water = 40% System Input Volume = 40 l/c/d Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water 80% High non-revenue water and not efficient water use Not Acceptable High non-revenue water but very efficient water use Acceptable

18 Water Resource Balance Diagram

19 Municipalityc Water Loss Indicators Population 2012 System input volume Ml/day System input volume million m3/a Volume NRW million m 3 /a % NRW l /c/ d Camdeboo % 292 Blue Crane % 296 Baviaans % 146 Ikwezi % 162 Kou-kamma % 117 Kouga % 229 Makana % 165 Sunday's River Valley % 168 Ndlambe % 199 Nkonkobe % 101 Ngqushwa % 166 Nxuba % 141 Inxuba Yethemba % 221 Tsolwana % 167 Inkwanca % 204 Gariep % 333 Nelson Mandela Bay % 186 Total % 186

20 Strategic Overview Category % NRW l/c/d % Performance Scorecard Record Keeping A Metro s of 6 (100%) B1 Major Cities B2 Minor Cities B3 Rural Dense B4 Rural Sparce of 21 (95%) of 29 (90%) of 111 (50%) of 70 (36%) National of 237 (56%)

21 City of Cape Town Metro Nelson Mandela Bay Metro City of Johannesburg Metro Tlokwe Govan Mbeki George City of Matlosana Municipality Steve Tshwete Rustenburg Buffalo City Polokwane Newcastle Emalahleni King Sabata Dalindyebo Mossel Bay Makana Metsimaholo Mafikeng Oudtshoorn Nokeng Tsa Taemane Midvaal Moqhaka Knysna Hibiscus Coast The KwaDukuza Dihlabeng Ndlambe Lesedi Cape Agulhas umuziwabantu Tswelopele Kouga Karoo Hoogland Abaqulusi Hessequa Musina Umjindi Delmas Great Kei Baviaans Siyathemba Mafube Breede River/Winelands Cederberg Gamagara Nkonkobe Bitou Mantsopa Letsemeng edumbe Nama Khoi Kopanong emadlangeni Pixley Ka Seme Port St Johns Mbizana Mhlontlo Mbhashe Moses Kotane Ndwedwe Mnquma Okhahlamba Mandeni Maphumulo Nongoma Ulundi % Non-revenue Water 100% Category 90% % NRW Distribution / Municipal A Category B1 B2 B3 B4 80% 72.5% 70% 60% 50% 41.3% 40% 30% 34.3% 30.5% 37.0% National Average = 36.8% 20% 10% 0%

22 Australia New Zealand Cambodia Singapore Namibia Belarus Seychelles Gabon Poland Niger Senegal Czech Republic Russia Tunisia Burkina Faso China Lao PDR Benin Mali Lesotho Hungary South Africa Netherlands Antilles Mexico Argentina Cape Verde Bolivia Slovakia Chile Uganda Vietnam Ethiopia Kazakhstan Madagascar Congo, Dem. Rep. Mauritania Bangladesh Pakistan Tajikistan Average Rwanda Uzbekistan Liberia Brazil Burundi Panama Kenya Moldova Peru Ukraine Georgia Paraguay Romania Zambia Guinea Ghana Mauritius Uruguay Bulgaria Mozambique Turkey Macedonia, FYR Bosnia and Herzegovina Kyrgyz Republic Albania Ecuador Armenia % Non Revenue Water International NRW benchmark RSA Average = 36.8% World Average 36.2% Source : The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET)

23 WMA Current Water Balance

24 Municipality Potential Savings Total licensed yield million m3/a System input volume million m3/a Target Reduction (15%) million m3/a Optimistic Reduction (20%) million m3/a Camdeboo Blue Crane Baviaans Ikwezi Kou-kamma Kouga Makana Sunday's River Valley Ndlambe Nkonkobe Ngqushwa Nxuba Inxuba Yethemba Tsolwana Inkwanca Gariep Nelson Mandela Bay Total

25 Target water balance

26 Estimated National NRW NRW Based on Available Data Sets Category Population Input (m 3 /a) NRW (m 3 /a) % NRW l/c/d A % 291 B % 241 B % 230 Urban % 269 B % 164 B % 65 Rural % 112 National % 235 Extrapolated % 235

27 Current National IWA Water Balance Diagram (million m3/annum) Authorised consumption = Billed authorised = Billed metered = Revenue water = System Input Volume = Unbilled authorised = Billed unmetered = Unbilled metered = Apparent losses = Apparent losses = Water losses = Real Losses = Real Losses = Non-revenue water =

28 Estimated Cost of NRW Category Input Rate Sell Rate Input Value NRW Value (R/kl) (R/kl) (R million) (R million) A R 5.00 R R R B1 R 4.50 R 9.00 R R B2 R 4.00 R 8.00 R R Urban R R B3 R 3.50 R 7.00 R R B4 R 3.00 R 6.00 R R Rural R R National R R Extrapolated R R

29 WMA Consolidated Scorecard

30 Internal factors personnel, finance, capabilities Qualitative Scorecard (Strengths) Helpful Positive political support, however training is required Formal towns and reasonably formal infrastructure Bulk metering in some areas Consumers metered and billed in most municipalities Policies and bylaws updated Positive relationship with consumers WSDP s and IDP s updated annually Visible leaks are reported and fixed Active WDM programmes (barefoot plumbers) in some areas Telemetry monitoring of the network

31 Internal factors personnel, finance, capabilities Qualitative Scorecard (Weaknesses) Harmful High vacancy rate in most municipalities Limited or no management information Inadequate capacity building and skills transfer Lack of vehicles and materials to support O&M No monthly monitoring of NRW KPI s Limited pressure management, sectorisation and old water meters in most areas Limited or no electronic job card system to capture and monitor leak reports Limited preventative maintenance in most municipalities No mains replacement programmes Intermittent supply, especially in informal and rural supply schemes Poor water quality in some areas

32 External factors Legislation, Public, Politics Qualitative Scorecard (Opportunities) Helpful WC/WDM Councillor training programme Establish NRW steering committee and monthly reporting Improve relationship with finance departments and access to information Community education and awareness Water tariffs are mostly not cost reflective and must be reviewed Utilise positive relationship with communities to improve metering and cost recovery Obtain water loss equipment and utilise to analyse system losses Informative billing Review policies and charters to promote WC/WDM High level of internal household plumbing leakages

33 External factors Legislation, Public, Politics Qualitative Scorecard (Threats) Harmful Poor relationships between the technical and finance departments Very old infrastructure in most areas Lack of funding - municipalities are grant dependent Institutional arrangements / Service level agreements Rural water supply schemes difficult to monitor and implement metering and billing High indigent consumer base in most municipalities Infrastructure vandalism and illegal connections Non payment of services Limited water resources in some areas

34 Common Challenges High vacancies Lack of necessary skills and capacity No collaboration between departments Limited / no management information Non-compliance with legislation and regulations Poor services and customer care Lack of community support in certain areas Lack understanding of water business Metering / billing and cost recovery

35 6 Year Record Keeping Summary 3% 6% 16% No records Poor records 38% 37% Erratic / worthless records Records with gaps or questions Good records no gaps or questions

36 Importance of WDM data Water balance should be calculated by municipality on monthly basis to : Monitor system input volume Monitor water losses Monitor non-revenue water Assess water security (Supply vs demand) Monitor progress made with national (half water losses by 2014) and regional targets (IVRS project 15%). Should not be considered DWA data!!

37 Recommendations Municipalities must be made aware that WDM is a strategic issue in a water scarce country and impacts significantly on water for growth and development Only continuous monitoring, analysis and feedback will improve results Municipalities must take ownership of WCWDM Study provides baseline for future monitoring

38 Current and Future Actions (1) Study has provided a better understanding of the NRW situation Dir: Water Use Efficiency is working with DWA regional offices and municipalities on Water Demand Management to increase awareness and: Train staff on calculation of water balance Update / improve available municipal data Standardise understanding of NRW and inclusion of cost recovery

39 Current and Future Actions (2) Educating Stats SA to ensure data quality improves with future surveys The team will be working more closely with: Municipalities Stats SA Department of Cooperative Governance Auditor General

40 METERING EXAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT MUNICIPALITIES

41 TO METER IS TO KNOW TO KNOW IS TO MANAGE BULK METERS ZONE METERS DOMESTIC METERS

42 No Meters: No record No Income

43 No Meters: No Records No income

44 1989 = 24yrs old

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47 House built over meters

48 Meter Locations

49 Meter Vegetation -

50 Vandalised/ Damaged Meters

51 Poor/ Damaged Meter Installations

52 Poor Meter Installation

53 Meter Not Counting Broken Meter

54 Covered Meters:

55

56 MUNICIPALITY READINGS /07/ /06/ /05/ /03/ /03/02 BEFORE BEING PUMPED: FLOODED AFTER BEING PUMPED: ILLEGIBLE

57 LEAKS EXAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT MUNICIPALITIES

58 A LEAK IS NOT ONLY A LOSS OF WATER BUT ALSO A LOSS OF INCOME VISABLE LEAKS INVISABLE LEAKS

59 Valve Leak

60 Reservoir Overflows

61 REPAIR!!!! Comparison of Flow 24 Sep Oct 2011

62 Standpipe Leak: REPAIR!!!!

63 Missing Taps

64 Leaks on Properties

65 Poor installations Wasteful installation Buries consumer meter

66 Leaking Toilet (Faulty Meter)

67 Infrastructure Leak

68 Infrastructure Leak Water Loss 13.1 kl/hr (3.64l/sec)

69 Infrastructure Leak

70 Sewer Overflow

71 Sewer Overflow

72 Valves Field Work

73 Leak Detection

74 When others work on your service

75 Solar Geyser with missing tubes

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79 SEWER LEAK!!!!!

80 Effluent Disposal

81 SCHOOLS Wasting almost 10% of Country s water

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86 SAVINGS IN AVERAGE METERED CONSUMPTIONS

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89 Water Volume (kl/day) 2000 PHOLAPARK : CONSUMPTION BEFORE vs AFTER INTERVENTION Consumption Before Repairs (kl/d) Consumption After Repairs (kl/d) Water Saved (kl/day) Series , ,64

90 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Interventions beyond the meter were carried out on 170 Indigent properties in Dimbaza (Phola Park) at a cost of R , which is an average of R1 490 per household. Actual water savings after intervention is kl/month JoJo Tanks, which equates to kl/year JoJo tanks. Money savings per year is R based on bulk water tariff of R5.5/kl, which is used for purchasing water from the bulk water services provider. The Payback period = / = 0.9 month Less than one month!!!

91 Domestic Sector BCM: WCDM Project in Dimbasa Relocation of Water Mains Indigent Plumbing Installation of water meters Visual leak inspections Installation of Bulk Meters Community Awareness Replacement of leaking standpipes

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93 This was only for the recorded meters (93) they did retrofitting at 700 households Possible savings m³ = R /annum

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95 SOMETHING S WRONG!!!

96 IT IS OUR COMMON RESPONSIBILITY And sometimes results may exceed our most optimistic expectations!

97 THERE IS NO LIFE WITHOUT WATER GOD PUT US ON EARTH TO MANAGE THE EARTH. ARE WE? MAKE WC/WDM A WAY OF LIFE!!