Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research

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1 Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research Eric Toone, PhD ARPA-E Deputy Director of Technology Role of Information Sciences and Engineering in Sustainability Workshop February 3, 2011

Creation & Launching of ARPA-E 2009 American Recovery and

COMPETES Act President Obama launches ARPA-E at National

Storm (National Academies) Innovation based on science and

2 Creation & Launching of ARPA-E 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ($400M appropriated for ARPA-E) 2007 America COMPETES Act President Obama launches ARPA-E at National Academies on April 27, Rising Above the Gathering Storm (National Academies) Innovation based on science and engineering will be primary driver of our future prosperity & security 2

3 ARPA-E s Mission Reduce Energy Imports To enhance the economic and energy security of the U.S. To ensure U.S. technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies Reduce Energy- Related Emissions Improve Energy Efficiency 3

4 What is an ARPA-E Project?!"#$%&' '!(')*++,))(*-.'/012,+3'+1*-4'567,8'! <:)):1='60,6)'! A60;,'+1<<,0+:6-'6//-:+6B1=' ' &,+5=1-1;:,)'35638''!'J1'=13',K:)3':='3146LM)',=,0;L'<60N,3'!'$0,'=13'2*)3':=+0,<,=36-' :</017,<,=3)O'+1*-4'<6N,'3146LM)' 3,+5=1-1;:,)'1P)1-,3,' $JJ!&!EH$A!&I'! J:Q+*-3'31'<17,'(10R604' C*3'6P-,'31'6S06+3'+1)3')560,' 6=4'(1--1R?1='(*=4:=;'! H13'6-0,64L'P,:=;'0,),60+5,4' 10'(*=4,4'PL'135,0)' ),3)'31',=,0;L'>TJ' 4

5 Funding Breakdown Project Breakdown by Lead Organization Type (% based on award value)* ZV' XV' XYV' UWV' UUV' F=:7,0):3L' [<6--'C*):=,))' A60;,'C*):=,))' H6B1=6-'A6P' H1=?/01\3' *Total Value of Awards = $357 million 5

FOA Round 1!! ARPA-E s First Funding Opportunity!

3,700 proposals to 37 project selections ($151M)!

all energy ideas and technologies, but focused on applicants who

high-impact concepts or new technologies %1=+,/3'#6/,0'#56),'

6 FOA Round 1!! ARPA-E s First Funding Opportunity! Announced April 2009, Selections Oct 2009! 3,700 proposals to 37 project selections ($151M)!! As ARPA-E s inaugural program, this funding opportunity was open to all energy ideas and technologies, but focused on applicants who already had well-formed research and development plans for potentially high-impact concepts or new technologies %1=+,/3'#6/,0'#56),' ]*--'$//-:+6B1='#56),'' ]:=6-'[,-,+B1=' UWYY' >,+,:7,4' >,7:,R' ]*--'' $//-:+6B1=)' #6=,-' >,7:,R)' UW'#012,+3)' ^67;_'`a"b' ^X?U'L,60)b' 6

7 ARPA-E FOA 1 projects can be categorized into one of ten energy technology areas Waste Heat Capture Water 1 project Conventional Energy 1 project 6 projects Energy Storage 2 projects VBR Power Systems Building Efficiency 5 projects 3 projects FOA 1 Biomass Energy 4 projects 5 projects Carbon Capture Renewable Power Vehicle Technologies 5 projects 5 projects Solar Fuels 7

University Multidisciplinary project to improve the

8 Large-scale energy reductions through sensors, feedback, & information technology - Stanford University Multidisciplinary project to improve the interface between humans and energy sensing technologies such as smart meters 8

9 Examples of the research thrusts Understanding human motivations to save energy Improving disaggregation algorithms for appliance-specific feedback kwh Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Quantifying effects of TED feedback on energy use (PowerMeter) Data from Plugwise Data from Google 9

10 ARPA-E Programs Electrofuels BEEST IMPACCT FOA1 ADEPT BEETIT GRIDS 10

Reducing equivalents Biomass Algae Chemical Catalysis Biological Catalysis

11 Electrofuels program seeks to address U.S. oil dependence more efficiently than other biofuels Photosynthesis Electrons/ Reducing equivalents Biomass Algae Chemical Catalysis Biological Catalysis EtOH Advanced biofuels Pyrolysis oils Biodiesel Advanced biofuels Syngas CH 3 OH CH 4 Advanced fuels? Advanced Fuels 11

Batteries for Electrical Energy Storage for Transportation (BEEST) The Need: Development of novel battery storage technologies that enable U.S. manufacturing leadership in the next generation of high performance, low cost EV batteries.

12 Batteries for Electrical Energy Storage for Transportation (BEEST) The Need: Development of novel battery storage technologies that enable U.S. manufacturing leadership in the next generation of high performance, low cost EV batteries. System Level Now BEEST Goals Multiple Energy Density (Wh/kg) X Cost ($/kwh) X Example areas of interest!advanced Lithium-ion batteries that exceed energy density of traditional Li-ion systems!li-sulfur battery approaches that address the low cycle life and high self-discharge of existing state of the art technology!metal air battery approaches that address the low cycle life, low power density, and low round trip efficiency of current approaches 12

Innovative Materials & Processes for Advanced Carbon Capture Technologies (IMPACCT) Capture Post Combustion Oxy-fuel Pre Combustion Transport Pipelines Tankers Storage Saline Aquifers EOR Deep Sea

13 Innovative Materials & Processes for Advanced Carbon Capture Technologies (IMPACCT) Capture Post Combustion Oxy-fuel Pre Combustion Transport Pipelines Tankers Storage Saline Aquifers EOR Deep Sea ~80% of CCS capital costs arise from the capture process! ~25-30% parasitic power load on a coal-fired power plant! Cost of Capture: $70-100/ton CO 2! Levelized cost of electricity increases by ~80% DOE s CO 2 Capture Goals: 35% increase in the levelized cost of electricity for 90% CO 2 capture 13

14 Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology (ADEPT) Photovoltaics Distribution & Transmission ' Industrial Indu >13 kv, 50kHz SiC transistors Lighting ' Automotive Automotive 14 14

Building Energy Efficiency Through Innovative Thermodevices (BEETIT) Primary Energy (kj/kg) 200 160 120 80 40 0 Target Primary energy use Vapor compression Current systems Theoretical limit = exergy

15 Building Energy Efficiency Through Innovative Thermodevices (BEETIT) Primary Energy (kj/kg) Target Primary energy use Vapor compression Current systems Theoretical limit = exergy Desiccants COP_Vapor-compression Theory Limit=cooling & gas separation Reduce primary energy consumption by ~ 40-50%!Current refrigerants have GWP over 1000 x of CO 2 Emissions (GtCO 2 -eq yr -1) Global CO 2 and HFC emissions GWP-weighted (100-yr) 450 ppm 550 ppm 10 HFC range high low Year Achieve COP > 4 for GWP!1 Source: Velders et al, PNAS 106, (2009) 15

16 Grid-Scale Rampable Intermittent Dispatchable Storage (GRIDS) kw Renewables Today Solar PV in AZ (TEP) 80% Change in 5 min MW Wind in OR (BPA) 1 GW Change in 1 hr 1 Day 1 Day Problem: Minutes-to-Hours Changes in Power Storage for Renewables Tomorrow Power Based Cost ($/kw) $10K $1K $100 Limited Sites Pumped Hydro Underground Compressed Air 2-5X Lower Cost Target New Technologies 1hr $10 $100 $1000 Energy Storage Costs ($/kwh) Need: Innovative Technologies for Cost-Effective Energy Storage 10min Minimum Response Time Seconds Minutes Goal: Grid storage that is dispatchable and rampable ARPA-E Focus: Transformational approaches to energy storage to enable wide deployment at very low cost 16 16

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17 !X'<1=35)'/0,/606B1='!cWYY'6S,=4,,)'!!=3,;06B=;'0,-,76=3'+1<<*=:B,)'! 9-2+):3,3&;&+)12)++<3&! =+-.)/0/1>&+),<+?<+)+(<3&! B)C+3,/<3&! 9,7,+&7)*&<+12/)70&-0+7)&,+-.&2)-(D7,/<3&! E.2,+&F/(3+G&H/)1<+33&7)*&?/02->&I7J+<3&!"#!$%&'%()*+,+-.&/)+0(!/%& &,+5=1-1;L'[51R+6),'!!"#!$%&'()*+*&,+-.)/0/12+34&!56&! '2)7023,3&,.7,&!"#!$%&-/(0*& )/,&8()*& Feb 28-March 2, 2011 Washington, DC 17

ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research

ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research Gentlemen, we have run out of money. It is time to start thinking. Sir Ernest Rutherford www.arpa-e.energy.gov The Beginning American Recovery and Reinvestment