Topic PPQ1 PPQ2 PPQ3 Topic Test Average. The challenge of natural hazards. The Living World. Paper 1. Physical Landscapes - Coasts

Transcription

1 Paper 3 Paper 2 Paper 1 Topic PPQ1 PPQ2 PPQ3 Topic Test Average The challenge of natural hazards The Living World Physical Landscapes - Coasts Physical Landscapes - Rivers Urban Challenges The changing economic world The challenge of resource management Issue Evaluation Fieldwork and geographical enquiry At the beginning of each topic, assess your current understanding of the topic content from KS3 and your own knowledge. After each set of PPQs, complete the assessment for learning section of the AfL grid and based upon the feedback given, set yourself a target that can be transferred to other questions. Target examples - when answering questions of the formation of a landform ensure I give the full sequence - conclude 9 marker answers clearly - always make reference to examples and/or case studies in 6 and 9-mark questions When you have met the target, identify the page number in your book or folder. At the end of each topic, assess your understanding. Any content colour coded red should be your priority for revision.

2 TOTAL Content Section A: Natural Hazards Key words / skills RAG Case Studies & examples Before After Key Idea: Natural hazards pose major risks to people and property 1. Definition and types of natural hazard. Hazards, types of hazards, geophysical, hydrometeorological, 2. Factors affecting hazard risk Urbanisation, development, accessibility, proximity, education, climate change Key Idea: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the result of physical processes. 3. Plate tectonics theory Core, mantle, crust, lithosphere, continental, oceanic, ridges, trenches, rift valleys, earthquakes, volcanoes 4. Plate margins Sea floor spreading, convection currents, magma, subduction, constructive, destructive, conservative 5. Earthquakes Focus, epicentre, Richter scale 6. Volcanoes Lava, cone, vent, magma chamber, crater, shield, stratovolcano, effusive, explosive, pyroclastic flows Key Idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth. 7. Effects and response primary & secondary effects, immediate & long-term 2 examples HIC & LIC/NEE responses Key Idea: Management can reduce the effects of a tectonic hazard 8. Living with the risk Economic, environmental, social, fertile soil, education, tourism 9. Managing risk monitoring, prediction, preparation, planning Key Idea: Global atmospheric circulation helps to determine patterns of weather and climate. 10. Global atmospheric circulation Circulation models, Hadley Cell, pressure belts, surface wind, Coriolis effect Key Idea: Tropical storms [hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons] develop as a result of particular physical conditions. 11. Tropical storms Distribution, formation, development, structure 12. TS & climate change Effect, distribution, frequency and intensity Key Idea: Tropical storms have significant effects on people and the environment. 13. Impacts primary & secondary effects, immediate & long-term 2 examples HIC & LIC/NEE responses, monitoring, prediction, preparation, planning Key Idea: The UK is affected by a number of weather hazards. Extreme weather events in the UK have impacts on human activity. 14. Extreme weather Depression, storm, anticyclone, drought, flood, storm surge, cause, social, economic, environmental impacts, magnitude, frequency management, evidence Key Idea: Climate change is the result of natural and human factors and has a range of effects. 15. Evidence of climate change 16. Causes of climate change Quaternary period, glacial episodes, Ice Age, inter-glacial episode, long term change, proxy data, tree rings, ice cores, fossil pollen records, ocean sediments. Natural factors orbital changes, volcanic activity and solar output; human factors use of fossil fuels, agriculture and deforestation. 1 recent example 17. Effects IPCC, People, environment, drought, heat waves, sea level rise, flood risk, extreme weather, crop yields, habitat destruction, migration Key Idea: Managing climate change involves both mitigation [reducing causes] and adaptation [responding to change]. 18. Mitigation and adaptation PPQ 3 TEST mitigation alternative energy production, carbon capture, planting trees, international agreements; adaptation change in agricultural systems, managing water supply, reducing risk from rising sea levels. Assessment for Learning R: R: A: A: G: G: Mark Grade Target [completed by student] How / where met?

3 - Tectonic Hazards 30 marks +3 SPaG 1. Study Figure 1 which shows the earth s tectonic plates and the places where earthquakes occur worldwide. Describe the distribution of earthquakes. [3] 2. Give two differences between continental crust and oceanic crust. [2] 3. Give one example of a conservative plate margin shown in Figure 1. [1] 4. Describe the location of ocean trenches. [2] 5. With the help of Figure 1, outline the differences between constructive and destructive plate margins. [3] 6. Explain the formation of fold mountains [3] 7. Explain how earthquakes and volcanoes are formed at a destructive plate margin. [6] 8. Choose either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. Assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondary effects. Use an example you have studied. [9] [+ 3 SPaG] - Tropical Storms 30 marks + 3 SPaG 1. Study Figure 1, which shows Cyclone Nargis, a tropical revolving storm over the Bay of Bengal. On Figure 1, with an arrow, identify and label three features of Cyclone Nargis. [3] 2. Explain the formation of a tropical storm. [4] 3. Give two reasons why tropical storms eventually lose their energy. [2] 4. Describe the responses to a tropical storm you have studied [6] 5. With the help of case studies, explain why the effects of hurricanes vary between richer and poorer parts of the world. [6] 6. Assess the extent to which prediction is the most important factor in reducing the effects of tropical storms. [9] [+ 3 SPaG] Figure 1

4 PPQ 3 Extreme Weather and Climate Change 25 marks 1. Outline one reason why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has changed over time. [2] 2. Describe the possible effects of climate change on the UK. [4] 3. Outline one strategy which aims to reduce the rate of climate change [mitigation]. [4] 4. The UK s weather is becoming more extreme. Use evidence to support this statement. [6] 5. Using an example of an extreme weather event you have studied discuss the impact of extreme weather on the UK. [9]

5 TOTAL Section B: The Living World RAG Content Key words / skills Case Studies & examples Key Idea: Ecosystems exist at a range of scales and involve the interaction between biotic and abiotic components. 19. Ecosystems Abiotic, biotic, producers, consumers, An example of a small-scale UK decomposers, food chains, food web, nutrient ecosystem cycling. 20. Impact of change Wolves, Yellowstone National Park Example - Grey Wolf, USA 21. Global distribution & Biomes, TRF, desert, savannah, tundra characteristics Key Idea: Tropical rainforest ecosystems have a range of distinctive characteristics. 22. TRF - structure & function Physical characteristics, layers, Climate, nutrient cycling, decomposition, adaptation, emergent, canopy, biodiversity 23. TRF - value Medicine, flooding, CO2/O2 balance, biodiversity Key Idea: Deforestation has economic and environmental impacts. 24. TRF causes of deforestation and impacts Agriculture, logging, mining, subsistence, commercial, energy, shifting cultivation, soil erosion, economic development, climate change Key Idea: Tropical rainforests need to be managed to be sustainable. 25. TRF - Sustainability Selective logging, replanting, conservation, ecotourism, agroforestry, international agreements, debt relief Key Idea: Cold environments [polar and tundra] have a range of distinctive characteristics. 26. Cold environments - Physical characteristics, climate, permafrost, function soils, plants, animals, adaptation, biodiversity Key Idea: Development of cold environments creates opportunities and challenges 27. Cold environments - Mineral extraction, energy, fishing and tourism Opportunities 28. Cold environments - Extreme temperature, inaccessibility, provision challenges of buildings and infrastructure. Key Idea: Cold environments are at risk from economic development 29. Cold environments - value 30. Cold environments sustainable economic development PPQ3 PPQ 3 TEST Wilderness areas, fragile environments, resources, climate change, vulnerability, tourism Strategies, balance of needs, economic development, conservation use of technology, role of governments, international agreements and conservation groups. Assessment for Learning Mark Grade Target [completed by student] A case study of a tropical rainforest A case study of a cold environment Before How / where met? R: R: After A: A: G: G:

6 PPQ1 Ecosystems 25 marks Figure 1 1. Study Figure 1 which shows part of a deciduous forest ecosystem. a] Explain the importance of the tree in the food web. [3] b] Explain how nutrients in the tree are recycled in the deciduous forest ecosystem. [4] 2. What is an ecosystem? [2] 3. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? [2] Figure 2 4. Study Figure 2, which shows a food web. Describe how the food web shows that different parts of the ecosystem are linked to each other. [3] 5.Outline the likely effects on the ecosystem of a reduction in the number of insects. [2] 9 Explain why trees are important for soil [4] Figure 3 6. Study Figure 3, a map showing details of ecosystems and climate in Africa. Describe the location of hot desert areas in Africa. [2] 7. Study the climate graphs in Figure 4 [below] a] Which month has the highest rainfall in Manaus? [1] b] The temperature range is the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures. What is the annual temperature range for In Salah? [1] Figure 4, Climate graph for In Northern Africa and Northern Brazil. 8 Which of the following statements describes the climate of a tropical rainforest? [1] Write down the correct statement. Mild temperatures [10 18 C], rainfall all year [approximately 1000 mm] High temperatures all year [over 30 C], very dry [250 mm of rainfall per year] High temperatures all year [25 27 C], rainfall in every month, [ mm per year]

7 - Tropical Rainforests 18 marks 1. With the use of figure 1 and your own knowledge, describe and explain the distribution of climatic zones. [6] 2. Describe the global distribution of the tropical rainforest ecosystem. [2] 3. Study Figure 1, a photograph of a tropical rainforest from the forest floor. Describe the characteristics of the vegetation shown in Figure 1. [4] 4. Explain how the vegetation shown in Figure 1 has adapted to the climatic conditions of the rainforest. [6] Figure 1 PPQ 3 - Managing TRF 24 marks 1. Study Figure 2, an extract from a geographical publication about an ecolodge in the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica, a country in Central America. Explain why this lodge is attractive to ecotourists. [4] Figure 2 On the Caribbean coast, the Selva Bananito lodge provides holiday accommodation and associated activities. The lodge was built from wood discarded by loggers and the number of guests is limited. There is no electricity; solar energy is used to heat the water. Biodegradable soaps are used for washing. Glass and plastic are recycled. Water used for drinking and cooking is purified using bacteria, enzymes and water lilies. The owners have set up a charitable trust to educate people about the rainforest and to provide activities such as jungle hikes and birdwatching. 2. Describe how selective logging and replanting are examples of sustainable management in tropical rainforests. [6] 3. Study Figure 3, a photograph showing an area in Africa where deforestation has recently taken place. Suggest two reasons for deforestation in some countries. [2] 4. Explain the economic impacts that result from the deforestation of the tropical rainforest. [6] 5. Using a case study of a tropical rainforest, describe how tropical rainforests are being managed. [6] Figure 3

8

9 Section C: Physical landscapes in the UK RAG Content Key words / skills Key Idea: The UK has a range of diverse landscapes. 1. Landscapes of the Location, upland areas, lowland areas, river UK Systems, cartographic skills Key Idea: The coast is shaped by a number of physical processes. 2. Waves Wave types characteristics. 3. Coastal Processes Weathering, mechanical, chemical, mass movement, sliding, slumping, rock falls, erosion, hydraulic power, abrasion, attrition, transportation, longshore drift, deposition, sediment Key Idea: Distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical processes. 4. Landforms - erosion 5. Landforms - deposition geological structure, rock type, characteristics, formation, erosion, headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks. characteristics, formation, deposition, beaches, sand dunes, spits and bars. Case Studies & examples Example of a coastline in the UK PPQ 3 Key Idea: Different management strategies can be used to protect coastlines from the effects of physical processes. 6. Management Costs, benefits, management strategies, hard engineering sea walls, rock armour, gabions and groynes, soft engineering beach nourishment and reprofiling, dune regeneration, managed retreat coastal realignment. 7. Case study the reasons for management the management strategy the resulting effects and conflicts PPQ 4 Key Idea: The shape of river valleys changes as rivers flow downstream. 8. River Profile long profile, cross profile 9. Fluvial Processes fluvial processes, erosion hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, vertical and lateral erosion, transportation traction, saltation, suspension and solution, deposition Key Idea: 10. Landforms - Characteristics, formation, erosion, interlocking erosion spurs, waterfalls and gorges. 11. Landforms E & D meanders and ox-bow lakes. 12. Landforms - Levées, flood plains and estuaries. deposition Example of a coastal management scheme in the UK An example of a river valley in the UK to identify its major landforms Key Idea: Different management strategies can be used to protect river landscapes from the effects of flooding. 13. Flooding & physical factors, human factors, flood risk, Hydrographs precipitation, geology, relief and land use. Hydrographs, precipitation, discharge. 14. Management costs, benefits, hard engineering dams and reservoirs, straightening, embankments, flood relief channels, soft engineering flood warnings and preparation, flood plain zoning, planting trees and river restoration. 15. Case Study why the scheme was required the management strategy the social, economic and environmental issues PPQ 5 An example of a flood management scheme in the UK Before Total End of Unit Test R: R: A: A: Assessment for Learning G: G: Mark Grade Target [completed by student] How / where met? After

10 PPQ 3 PPQ 4 PPQ 5 TEST 14 marks 1. Contrast the features of destructive and constructive waves. [4] 2. Explain how waves transport material and deposit it. [6] 3. Study Figure 1, a 1: Ordnance Survey map of the Barmouth area.

11 a) Using Figure 1, give the 6 figure grid reference for a shingle beach [1] b) Using Figure 1, how long is the coastline between X [611120] and Y [617150]? [1] c) Study Figure 2 a photograph of part of the coastline shown in Figure 1, in which direction was the photographer facing when the picture was taken? [2] Erosional Landforms 16 marks 1. Mass movement is a process affecting the coastal zone. Describe this process. [3] 2. Study Figure 1 below, which shows the coastal zone of Antrim, Northern Ireland. Figure 1 a] On Figure 1, with an arrow identify and label three landforms shown on this coast. [3] b] Explain the formation of landforms shown in the rectangle marked on Figure 1. [4]

12 3. With the use of a diagram, explain the formation of headlands and bays. [4] Figure 2 4. Study Figure 2, a photograph of cliffs along the Holderness coast, Yorkshire. Give two pieces of evidence that the cliffs shown in Figure 2 are eroding rapidly. [2] Depositional Landforms 25 marks 1. Draw a labelled diagram to show the process of longshore drift. [2] 2. Outline why deposition occurs at certain places along the coast. [2] 3. Study Figure 1, which shows coastal management along the Holderness coastline. Explain the predicted changes to the coastline. [4] Figure 1 4. Draw a labelled sketch map to show the features of a spit. [3] 5. Explain the formation of a spit. [4] 6. Explain how a sand dune results from the process of deposition. [4] 7. Study Figure 2, a sketch map showing coastal features. Figure 2 Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, explain how 2 different landforms may be created by the transport and deposition of sediment along the coast. [6]

13

14 Section A: Urban issues and challenges RAG Content Key words / skills Key Idea: A growing percentage of the world s population lives in urban areas 31. Urbanisation global pattern, urban change, HICs, LICs, rate of urbanisation, migration, push-pull theory, natural increase, birth rates, death rates 32. Megacities Distribution, characteristics, factors for growth Key Idea: Urban growth creates opportunities and challenges for cities in LICs and NEEs. 33. Case Study - natural increase, migration Causes of growth 34. Case Study - opportunities 35. Case study - challenges social, services, health, education, resources, water supply, energy, economic, urban industrial areas, economic development managing urban growth, slums, squatter settlements, clean water, sanitation systems, energy, access to services, health and education, reducing unemployment, crime, environmental issues, waste disposal, air & water pollution, traffic congestion. Case Studies & examples A case study of a major city in an LIC or NEE 36. Urban Planning Self-help, site & service, urban poor, quality of life Example of urban planning Key Idea: Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety of social, economic and environmental opportunities and challenges. 37. UK Population Distribution, density, sparse, dense, major settlements distribution 38. Case Study - Importance, growth and character 39. Case Study - opportunities 40. Case Study - challenges 41. Urban regeneration PPQ 3 location, importance, nationally, globally, impacts of migration, national migration, international migration, city growth, city character Social & economic, cultural mix, recreation & entertainment, employment, integrated transport systems, environmental, urban greening Social & economic, urban deprivation, inequalities housing, education, health & employment, Environmental, dereliction, building on brownfield & greenfield sites, waste disposal, urban sprawl, the rural urban fringe, & the growth of commuter settlements Regeneration, project features reasons why the area needed regeneration the main features of the project Key Idea: Urban sustainability requires management of resources and transport. 42. Urban sustainable urban living, management of resources and Water, waste, energy, green spaces, conservation sustainability 43. Urban transport urban transport, strategies, traffic congestion PPQ 4 End of Unit Test A case study of a major city in the UK An example of an urban regeneration project Before Total R: R: Assessment for Learning A: A: G: G: Mark Grade Target [completed by student] How / where met? After

15 PPQ 3 PPQ 4 TEST Urban Growth 12 marks 1. Study figure 1, a map showing the percentage of the population living in urban settlements in different parts of the world. Describe two differences in the percentage of population living in urban settlements in Africa and Europe. [2] 2. Define the term megacity [2] 3. Study figure 2, a map showing the location of cities with an urban population greater than 5 million. Describe the distribution of the world s megacities [2] Figure 2 4. Explain why the majority of future megacities are expected to occur in LIC and NEE cities. [6]

16 - LICs and NEEs 16 marks 1 Study Figure 1, a photograph of part of a squatter settlement in Manila, a city in the Philippines. Suggest why squatter settlements develop in some cities in LICs and NEEs. [2] 2 Using Figure 1, and your own knowledge, describe and explain 2 problems of living in a squatter settlement. [4] 3 Study Table 1 below, information about the effects of a squatter redevelopment project in a city in India. The project was introduced in 1999 to improve the lives of people in the squatter settlement. Figure 1 Table 1 a) Use evidence from Table 1 to describe the social and economic effects of this squatter redevelopment project. [4] 5. To what extent do urban areas in lower income countries (LICs) or newly emerging economics [NEEs] provide social and economic opportunities for people? Refer to a case study you have studied [6] PPQ 3 Urban Change 26 marks 1. State two reasons why cities are growing in the UK [2] 2. Outline one reason why some cities have seen a fall in population [2] 3. Outline two ways in which ethnic diversity can change the character of an area [4] 4. Explain two problems caused by traffic congestion in the UK. [4] 5. Describe two disadvantages of building new housing on brownfield sites. [4] 6. Using examples explain how an area can be regenerated [4] 7. Using a case study of a city in the UK, discuss the effects of urban sprawl on people and the environment. [6] PPQ 4 Sustainability 9 marks + 3 SPaG 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban transport scheme[s] you have studied. [9] [+3 SPaG ]

17 Section B: The changing economic world RAG Content Key words / skills Key Idea: There are global variations in economic development and quality of life. 1. Classification Classification, economic development, quality of life, HIC, MIC, LIC, NEE 2. Measures of development 3. DTM and Development gap Economic measures, social measures, gross national income [GNI] per head, birth and death rates, infant mortality, life expectancy, people per doctor, literacy rates, access to safe water, Human Development Index [HDI], composite, limitations Demographic transition model, level of development, causes, disparities, internal, rural, urban, physical, economic, historical, consequences, health, wealth, migration, international migration Key Idea: Various strategies exist for reducing the global development gap. 4. Strategies - overviews 5. Tourism and the development gap Investment, industrial development and tourism, aid, using intermediate technology, Fairtrade, debt relief, microfinance loans. Growth of tourism, LIC/NEE, investment, service industry, gross national income, repatriation of profits Case Studies & examples Example of growth of tourism Key Idea: Some LICs and NEEs are experiencing rapid economic development which leads to significant social, environmental and cultural change. 6. Case Study location and importance 7. Case Study Industrial Structure 8. Case Study role of TNCs 9. Case Study Trade and aid 10. Case Study impacts of economic development Location, importance, regionally, globally, wider political, social, cultural and environmental context of the country Chang, balance, sectors, economy, manufacturing, stimulate, economic development TNCs, industrial development, advantages, disadvantages, host country Political and trading relationships, international aid, impacts of aid on the receiving county Environmental impacts, e-waste, pollution, acid rain, social impacts, quality of life, life expectancy A case study of one LIC or NEE Key Idea: Major changes in the economy of the UK have affected, and will continue to affect, employment patterns and regional growth. 11. Causes of economic change 12. Sustainable industry De-industrialisation and decline of traditional industrial base, globalisation and government policies, postindustrial economy, development of information technology, service industries, finance, research, science and business parks Environmental impacts, pollution, water, atmosphere, soil, noise Modern industrial development, sustainable, environmental 13. Rural areas Social and economic changes in the rural landscape, area of population growth, area of population decline, improvements and new developments in road and rail infrastructure, port and airport capacity 14. North-South divide 15. UK and the wider world PPQ 3 Strategies, regional differences, wealth, development, life expectancy, industry trade, culture, transport, ICT, economic and political links: the European Union [EU] and Commonwealth Example of environmentall y sustainable industry Before Total After

18 End of Unit Test R: R: A: A: Assessment for Learning G: G: PPQ 3 TEST Mark Grade Target [completed by student] How / where met? PPQ1 - Indicators of Development 18 marks 1. Explain the limitation of using just one development indicator such as GNI per capita to measure a countries level of development [4] 2. Study figures 1a and 1b. What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that: a) people in Mali have a shorter life expectancy than people in Japan? [1] b) Mali has a higher birth rate than Japan? [1] c) Explain why these population pyramids suggest that Mali and Japan are in different stages of the Demographic Transition Model. [4] 3. Study figure 2 below, which shoes two indicators used to measure development for selected countries. Suggest two reasons for the large difference in development levels between countries. [4] Figure 2 4. Using figure 3 and your own understanding explain the link between the DTM and a country s level of development. [4] Figure 3

19 - LICs and NEEs 30 marks 1. Suggest one way in which microfinance loans can help to reduce the development gap. [1] 2. Using the example of a LIC or NEE city you have studied discuss the city s national and international importance. [6] 3. Explain two advantages of aid on an LIC or NEE you have studied. [4] 4. With the use of an LIC or NEE you have studied explain why economic development can be environmentally controversial. [4] 5. With reference to a LIC or NEE you have studied assess the impact of economic development on quality of life. [6] 6. To what extent do TNCs play an important role in the economic development of a LIC or NEE country you have studied? [9] PPQ 3 - UK 19 marks 1. Explain the impact that developments in IT have had on the UK s economy. [4] 2. Explain using an example you have studied how industry in the UK has become more environmentally sustainable. [6] 3. Suggest how one or more strategies might reduce regional differences in the UK. [9]

20 Section C: The challenge of resource management Content Key words / skills Key Idea: Food, water and energy are fundamental to human development. 16. Human needs Human needs, food, water, energy to economic and social well-being 17. Global Inequalities Global inequalities, supply, demand, consumption, resources, wealth, well-being, disease, malnutrition, Quality of life, wealth and prosperity Key Idea: The changing demand and provision of resources in the UK create opportunities and challenges. 18. Food High value food exports, LICs, seasonal food, all-year round, organic produce, carbon footprints, food miles, local produce, farmers markets, agribusiness; ghost acres; distribution 19. Water Supply and demand, changing demand, water quality, pollution management, areas of deficit, areas of surplus, water transfer 20. Energy Energy mix, fossil fuels, renewables, domestic supplies, coal, oil, gas, import, export, economic issues, environmental issues, exploitation, energy sources Key Idea: Demand for resources is rising globally but supply can be insecure, which may lead to conflict. 21. Global patterns Areas or surplus, security, areas of deficit, insecurity, global patterns, supply, demand, increasing consumption, factors affecting supply Key Idea: Different strategies can be used to increase supply 22. Strategies Increase supply, security, reduce insecurity, advantages, disadvantages, sustainable future 23. Case studies - Food 1. An example of a large scale agricultural development to show how it has both advantages and disadvantages. 2. An example of a local scheme in an LIC or NEE to increase sustainable supplies of food 3. Case studies - Water 1. An example of a large-scale water transfer scheme to show how its development has both advantages and disadvantages 2. An example of a local scheme in an LIC or NEE to increase sustainable supplies of water. 4. Case studies - Energy 1. An example to show how the extraction of a fossil fuel has both advantages and disadvantages 2. An example of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC or NEE to provide sustainable supplies of energy Before RAG Total End of Unit Test R: R: A: A: Assessment for Learning G: G: TEST Mark Grade Target [completed by student] How / where met? After

21 PPQ1 25 marks 1. Study Figure 1 which shows the amount of land farmed organically in the UK between 1995 and a) What is organic farming? [2] b) By how much did the amount of land farmed organically increase between 1997 and 2001? [1] c) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of organic farming. [6] Figure 1 2. Suggest why renewable energy sources increased in importance between 1991 and [2] 3. Give two reasons why the global demand for energy is increasing. [2] 4. Explain 2 reasons why the demand for water in the UK is increasing [4] 5. Describe how water quality is managed in the UK [4] 6. Explain 2 reasons why the demand for energy in the UK is declining [4] PPQ2 18 marks 1. To what extent does the UK s changing energy demand create challenges for the country? [6] 2. Explain two ways in which food security can be achieved sustainably [6] 3. Evaluate the sustainability of a large-scale agricultural scheme you have studied. [6]