WORKFORCE SKILLS ANALYSIS: SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WORKFORCE INVESTMENT BOARD AREA ONE. Prepared by: Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development

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1 WORKFORCE SKILLS ANALYSIS: SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WORKFORCE INVESTMENT BOARD AREA ONE Prepared by: Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development

2 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development, The Office of Economic Development (OED) connects Virginia Tech faculty, companies, and communities in ways that help create, retain, and enhance the quality of jobs and opportunities around the Commonwealth. OED provides training, applied research, and technical assistance services to increase clients abilities to prudently manage economic change and improve their quality of life. Examples of such services include completion of feasibility studies, economic impact analysis, industry and occupational analysis, strategic planning and community visioning, and performance management and benchmarking studies. A number of OED faculty and staff contributed to the report including Whitney Bonham, Scott Tate, Adam Mawyer, Jasmin Thomas, Ebonie Atkins, Dave Nutter, and Leeann Budzevski. The Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board for Area One commissioned the report and its staff contributed input and assistance throughout the process. Numerous individuals and organizations contributed information, resources or assistance. Some of these include Mountain Empire Community College, Southwest Virginia Community College, UVA Wise, Alpha Natural Resources, Consol Energy, Wise County, Virginia Employment Commission, and People Incorporated. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 1

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary page 3 SECTION 1: Background and Overview page 11 SECTION 2: Coal Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 26 SECTION 3: Manufacturing Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 86 SECTION 4: Health Care and Social Assistance Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 134 SECTION 5: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 172 SECTION 6: Tourism Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 211 SECTION 7: Synthesis and Recommendations page 259 APPENDIX A: Competency Definitions page 276 END-NOTES page 279 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 2

4 SECTION 5: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Employment This section provides an overview of the region s professional, scientific, and technical industry and charts the top occupations, along with corresponding competencies and skill transferability for those occupations. The WIA One region contained 2,329 total jobs within the professional, scientific and technical services industry grouping in i While this number is 44% below the national average, the industry segment is of regional significance as it has increased by 19.1% since ii Additionally, jobs within the sector have an average earnings of $42,630. iii Projections indicate that sector employment, both regionally and state-wide, is expected to continue to increase. Looking at individual establishments, there were 289 firms in the WIA One region in Figure 1: Average Professional, Scientific, and Technical Employment in Southwest Virginia WIA 1, Q to Q iv Over the past two decades there has been a noticeable increase of employment in the professional and technical industry for the WIA One region. At the start of Q1 1990, the industry employed 981 workers. Each quarter saw a steady increase in numbers until Q3 1991, when the industry decreased by 46 in job numbers. The industry saw fluctuations in employment trends until Q1 1993, when there was an increase of 99 jobs. Again, in Q1 2007, the industry saw another huge jump in employment when job numbers increased by more than 100. In Q1 2013, the total job number in the industry was 2,115, which is the Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 3

5 highest the industry has seen. Overall, the professional and technical industry has been on an upward slope from Q to Q By jurisdiction, Russell County is the region s leader in employment for the professional, scientific, and technical industry (485 jobs in 2014). The computer systems design services subsector in Russell is the primary contributor to that rank, accounting for 209 jobs. Wise County is the region s second leading locality for industry employment, accounting for 460 jobs, with the engineering services subsector comprising 191 of those industry jobs. Tazewell County (446 jobs), Buchanan County (226 jobs), and Dickenson County (202 jobs) also contain significant employment for professional and technical services. Top Occupations for Professional and Technical Employment- Southwest Virginia WIA 1 The following provides a summary of the top job titles employed by the region s professional and technical employers. Please note that jobs data is current only to Q Information provided in Figure 2 is derived from a proprietary database, EMSIAnalyst. EMSIAnalyst data is utilized to obtain comparable information to bordering regions in Eastern Kentucky and Southern West Virginia. EMSIAnalyst data also provides greater employment visibility as some job titles listed below are frequently suppressed due to small geographies or limited number of regional employers. Industry staffing patterns for Professional, Scientific, and Technical (NAICS 3-Digit) in Southwest Virginia WIA One are also publicly accessible through Virginia Labor Market Information (LMI). Virginia LMI data suppresses employment information for most job titles, thereby limiting the potential for more comprehensive regional understanding of professional and technical staffing patterns. Figure 2: Top Occupations Southwest Virginia WIA 1 All Professional, Scientific, and Technical Industry Subsectors with Employment Greater than 10 (2014) v SOC Code Job Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Office Clerks, General % Paralegals and Legal Assistants % Legal Secretaries 75 (6) 4.0% Job Title as % of Industry Employment Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing % Clerks Lawyers 70 (1) 3.7% Mechanical Engineers % Accountants and Auditors 58 (3) 3.1% Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, % Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Customer Service Representatives % General and Operations Managers % Receptionists and Information Clerks % Civil Engineers 44 (4) 2.3% First-Line Supervisors of Office and % Administrative Support Workers Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan % Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 35 (1) 1.8% Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 4

6 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal % Caretakers Software Developers, Applications % Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and % Weighers Surveying and Mapping Technicians 27 (3) 1.5% Computer User Support Specialists % Veterinarians % Sales Representatives, Services, All Other % Surveyors 22 (3) 1.2% Management Analysts % Market Research Analysts and Marketing % Specialists Network and Computer Systems % Administrators Tax Preparers 18 (3) 1.0% Computer Systems Analysts % Executive Secretaries and Executive % Administrative Assistants Software Developers, Systems Software % Electrical Engineers 16 (1) 0.9% Human Resources Specialists % Veterinary Technologists and Technicians % Billing and Posting Clerks 14 (1) 0.8% Legal Support Workers, All Other % Computer Programmers % Interpreters and Translators % Nonfarm Animal Caretakers % Construction and Building Inspectors 10 (1) 0.6% Computer and Information Systems Managers % Architectural and Engineering Managers 10 (1) 0.5% Technical Writers % Occupational Analysis of the Top Professional, Scientific and Technical Jobs: Southwest Virginia WIA One This section provides regional occupation employment, worker demographics, and industry hiring patterns, growth trends, and relevant education/training completions for top professional and technical job titles. Job descriptions and common job duties, educational attainment requirements, and common knowledge and skills sets most frequently required for employment nationally are also explored in each job title profile. A total of 10 occupations will be examined. These job titles include: Office Clerks, General Paralegals and Legal Assistants Legal Secretaries Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Lawyers Mechanical Engineers Accountants and Auditors Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 5

7 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive Customer Service Representatives General and Operations Mangers To help assist regional stakeholders in understanding how skills sets of the occupation may be transferable to other types of employment opportunities, this report uses national knowledge and skills competency data provided by O*NET and EMSI Analyst to identify potentially transferable occupations. Occupation 1: Office Clerks, General (SOC: ) Description: Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, stenography, office machine operation, and filing. Sample of Related Job Titles: Administration Assistant, Administrative Assistant, Clerk, Office Manager, Receptionist, Secretary, Office Assistant, Office Clerk, Customer Service Representative, Office Coordinator Figure 3: Office Clerks, General Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, ,642 1,595 1,375 1, ,570 1, ,383 1, Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border 563 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 6

8 Figure 4: Top Jurisdictions for Office Clerks, General Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $12.49 Wise $11.87 Dickenson $11.82 Tazewell $11.14 Russell $12.49 Lee $11.09 Norton city $12.49 Scott $10.43 Total $11.90 Figure 5: Age Distribution Office Clerks, General, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 9% 20% 23% 24% 18% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings: Office Clerks, General Office Clerks possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office and general business settings in addition to areas that require customer service, comprehension, or management skills. The competencies are listed below and include clerical, listening, comprehension, English language, and speaking and writing. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Office Clerks are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For the Office Clerks, General, there are no knowledge gaps that appear in both of the crosswalks for the related occupations. The knowledge competency gaps of Customer and Personal Service and Law and Government are also listed in the top 10 Office Clerk competencies. This suggests that Office Clerks, General will not have a hard time closing those knowledge gaps. The only skill competency gap that appears in both crosswalks is Complex Problem Solving. This skill is not listed in the top ten of this occupation, so this suggests that Office Clerks, General may require workforce development or training to be able to transfer into these occupations. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 7

9 To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Office Clerks, General. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 6: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Office Clerks, General, by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension 2. Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression 3. English Language Speaking Speech Clarity 4. Computers and Electronics Writing Speech Recognition 5. Mathematics Critical Thinking Near Vision 6. Administration and Service Orientation Written Comprehension Management 7. Personnel and Human Social Perceptiveness Written Expression Resources 8. Law and Government Time Management Problem Sensitivity 9. Education and Training Coordination Category Flexibility 10. Public Safety and Security Monitoring Information Ordering Figure 7: Top 10 Occupations for Compatibility to Office Clerks, General SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Receptionists and 402 (28) $ Information Clerks License Clerks 61 2 $ Customer Service 1,235 (66) $ Representatives Medical Records and Health 76 (11) $ Information Technicians Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 171 (16) $ Medical Secretaries 153 (15) $ Interviewers, Except 111 (4) $ Eligibility and Loan Legal Secretaries 92 (10) $ Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 635 (81) $ Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 87 (7) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 8

10 Figure 8: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Office Clerks, General Occupation 2: Paralegals and Legal Assistants (SOC: ) Description: Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action. Sample of Related Job Titles: Paralegal, Law Clerk, Legal Assistant, Legal Clerk, Real Estate Paralegal, Summer Law Associate, Legal Analyst, Paralegal Specialist, Certified Paralegal, Immigration Paralegal Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 9

11 Figure 9: Paralegal and Legal Assistants Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 10: Top Jurisdictions for Paralegals and Legal Assistants Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $17.07 Wise $18.96 Dickenson <10 <10 <10 -- Tazewell $15.56 Russell $18.15 Lee <10 <10 <10 -- Norton city $15.46 Scott <10 -- Total $16.89 Figure 11: Age Distribution Paralegals and Legal Assistants, Southwest Virginia WIA 9% 19% 21% 25% 21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 10

12 Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings: Paralegals and Legal Assistants Paralegals and Legal Assistants possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office, professional and legal profession business settings. The competencies are listed below and include clerical, listening, comprehension, English language, and speaking and writing. Knowledge area competencies in law and government and computers also suggest possible compatibility with a number of potentially viable alternative occupations in criminal justice or government and public service for instance. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Paralegals and Legal Assistants are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. Paralegals and Legal Assistants do not have any knowledge gaps that appear in both crosswalks. Two of the knowledge gaps listed (Clerical and Customer and Personal Service) are also listed in their top ten existing knowledge competencies indicating Paralegals and Legal Assistants possess a baseline knowledge of these knowledge gaps and could probably be trained to reach the knowledge levels necessary for the occupation. For the skills gap, the only one that appears on both of the crosswalks is Mathematics. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Paralegals and Legal Assistants. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 11: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Paralegals and Legal Assistants, by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Clerical Active Listening Near Vision 2. English Language Writing Oral Expression 3. Law and Government Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension 4. Computers and Electronics Speaking Oral Comprehension 5. Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Written Expression 6. Mathematics Coordination Category Flexibility 7. Education and Training Time Management Speech Recognition 8. Administration and Active Learning Deductive Reasoning Management 9. Communications and Media Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity 10. Psychology Service Orientation Speech Clarity Figure 12: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Paralegals and Legal Assistants SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Legal Secretaries 92 (10) $ Court Clerks 61 2 $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 11

13 Human Resources Assistants, 72 (4) $ Except Payroll and Timekeeping Eligibility Interviewers, $ Government Programs Bill and Account Collectors 95 (13) $ Executive Secretaries and 185 (31) $ Executive Administrative Assistants Title Examiners, Abstractors, 51 (3) $ and Searchers Interviewers, Except 111 (4) $ Eligibility and Loan Judicial Law Clerks 15 0 $ Municipal Clerks 61 2 $ Figure 13: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Paralegals and Legal Assistants Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 12

14 Occupation 3: Legal Secretaries (SOC: ) Description: Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research. Sample of Related Job Titles: Legal Secretary, Legal Assistant, Magistrate Assistant, Confidential Secretary, Judicial Administrative Assistant, Legal Administrative Secretary, Litigation Assistant, Secretary Figure 14: Legal Secretaries Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 15: Top Jurisdictions for Legal Secretaries Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan <10 -- Wise $14.07 Dickenson <10 <10 <10 -- Tazewell $11.42 Russell 12 <10 11 $13.73 Lee <10 <10 <10 -- Norton City $11.39 Scott <10 <10 <10 -- Total $12.42 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 13

15 Figure 16: Age Distribution Legal Secretaries, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 7% 18% 21% 24% 22% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings: Legal Secretaries Similar in some ways to paralegals, Legal Secretaries possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office, legal, professional, and general business settings. The competencies are listed below and include clerical, listening, comprehension, English language, and speaking and writing. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Legal Secretaries are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. The most noticeable fact from the crosswalk is that Legal Secretaries have two knowledge gaps (Mathematics and Economics and Accounting) that appear in both crosswalks. These knowledge gaps, also STEM competencies, are also listed in the top ten competencies for this occupation. This suggest that Legal Secretaries will not have a hard time learning the skills needed to transfer into their compatible occupations. This is also true for the skill competency gaps. Most of the skills they are lacking in are present in their top ten competencies. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Legal Secretaries. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 17: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Legal Secretaries, by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Clerical Reading Comprehension Near Vision 2. English Language Writing Oral Comprehension 3. Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Expression 4. Law and Government Speaking Written Expression 5. Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Speech Recognition 6. Administration and Social Perceptiveness Deductive Reasoning Management Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 14

16 7. Mathematics Service Orientation Speech Clarity 8. Economics and Accounting Active Listening Category Flexibility 9. Communications Media Monitoring Information Ordering 10. Education and Training Time Management Problem Sensitivity Figure 18: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Legal Secretaries SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Paralegals and Legal Assistants 228 (8) $ Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks $ Court Clerks $ Insurance Claims Clerks 61 (1) $ Office Clerks, General 3,401 (185) $ Medical Secretaries $ Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 63 (1) $ ,778 (98) $ License Clerks $ Municipal Clerks $ Figure 19: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Legal Secretaries Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 15

17 Occupation 4: Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks (SOC: ) Description: Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers. Sample of Related Job Titles: Accounting Clerk, Accounting Assistant, Accounts Payables Clerk, Bookkeeper, Account Clerk, Accounts Payable Clerk, Accounts Receivable Clerk, Account Receivable Clerk, Accounts Payable Specialist, Accounting Associate Figure 20: Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 21: Top Jurisdictions for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $15.90 Wise $15.02 Dickenson $15.40 Tazewell $14.12 Russell $15.13 Lee $13.80 Norton city $15.90 Scott $11.56 Total $14.68 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 16

18 Figure 22: Age Distribution Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks, 11% 20% 22% 23% 18% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings: Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing Clerks possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office and general business settings in addition to occupations that require mathematics knowledge and skills and abilities in working with numbers (number facility) such as insurance or financial services occupations. The competencies are listed below. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing Clerks are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For the Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks there is one knowledge gap (Customer and Personal Service) and two skill gaps (Service Orientation and Systems Evaluation) that appear in both of the crosswalks for its compatible occupations. This knowledge competency gap is also listed in the top ten competencies for this occupation. The two skill gaps that are in both crosswalks are not listed in the top ten competencies. This shows that this occupation may need some workforce development or training to be able to transfer into its related occupations. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 17

19 Figure 23: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Clerical Active Listening Oral Comprehension 2. Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension 3. Economics and Accounting Critical Thinking Near Vision 4. English Language Speaking Number Facility 5. Customer and Personal Service Mathematics Oral Expression 6. Computers and Electronics Writing Written Expression 7. Administration and Time Management Mathematical Reasoning Management 8. Law and Government Monitoring Information Ordering 9. Personnel and Human Active Learning Deductive Reasoning Resources 10. Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Category Flexibility Figure 24: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Compatibility Index Industries) Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 65 (6) $ Tax Preparers 17 3 $ Bill and Account Collectors 44 2 $ Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks $ Brokerage Clerks <10 (2) $ Insurance Claims Clerks <10 (2) $ Loan Interviewers and Clerks 93 (7) $ Customer Service 408 (342) $ Representatives Office Clerks, General 548 (70) $ Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 74 5 $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 18

20 Figure 25: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Occupation 5: Lawyers (SOC: ) Description: Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law. Sample of Related Job Titles: Attorney, Associate Attorney, Lawyer, Associate, Assistant Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, City Attorney, County Attorney, Partner, Assistant Counsel Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 19

21 Figure 26: Lawyers Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 27: Top Jurisdictions for Lawyers Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $24.34 Wise $26.69 Dickenson <10 <10 <10 -- Tazewell $23.09 Russell $26.95 Lee <10 <10 <10 -- Norton city $22.44 Scott $54.89 Total $27.69 Figure 28: Age Distribution Lawyers, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 8% 19% 22% 25% 21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 20

22 Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings Lawyers Lawyers possess a mix of competencies somewhat unique to their occupation, many of which would be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations if needed. The competencies are listed below and include critical thinking, law and government, English language speaking, persuasion, writing, and comprehension. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Lawyers are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For Lawyers, there are two knowledge gaps that appear in both of the crosswalks for the related occupations, Education and Training and Philosophy and Theology. There are no skill gaps that appear twice. Most of the knowledge and skill gaps that are in the crosswalk are not in the top ten competencies of Lawyers. Most of these gaps are STEM related (Systems Analysis, Mathematics, Programming, etc.). This suggests that Lawyers may need extra workforce development or training to be able to transfer into these occupations. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Lawyers. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 29: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Lawyers by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Law and Government Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension 2. English Language Speaking Oral Expression 3. Customer and Personal Service Persuasion Written Comprehension 4. Administration and Writing Written Expression Management 5. Clerical Active Listening Near Vision 6. Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity 7. Personnel and Human Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Resources 8. Sales and Marketing Active Learning Inductive Reasoning 9. Psychology Negotiation Problem Sensitivity 10. Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Speech Recognition Figure 30: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Lawyers SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index 25 2 $ (5) $ <10 1 $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 21

23 Judges, Magistrate Judges, and 12 0 $ Magistrates Judicial Law Clerks 15 0 $ Sales Agents, Securities and 56 (6) $ Commodities Compliance Managers 64 (7) $ Fraud Examiners, Investigators 29 (2) $ and Analysts Insurance Sales Agents 154 (23) $ Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 72 (1) $ Figure 31: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Lawyers Occupation 6: Mechanical Engineers (SOC: ) Description Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems. Sample of Related Job Titles: Mechanical Engineer, Design Engineer, Product Engineer, Mechanical Design Engineer, Process Engineer, Equipment Engineer, Design Maintenance Engineer, Systems Engineer, Chassis Systems Engineer, Commissioning Engineer Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 22

24 Figure 32: Mechanical Engineers Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 33: Top Jurisdictions for Mechanical Engineers Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $43.80 Wise $35.48 Dickenson <10 <10 <10 -- Tazewell $37.95 Russell $43.80 Lee 12 <10 <10 -- Norton City <10 <10 <10 -- Scott < $39.40 Total $39.16 Figure 34: Age Distribution Mechanical Engineers, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 11% 22% 24% 23% 18% 4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 23

25 Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings Mechanical Engineers Mechanical Engineers possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in engineering, research or related fields. The competencies are listed below and include mathematics, design, engineering and comprehension. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Mechanical Engineers are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. A notable finding for Mechanical Engineers is that the occupations have no knowledge or skill gaps that appear in both crosswalks of related occupations. The two skills gaps of Operations Analysis and Science are also in the top ten skill competencies, but the knowledge gaps are not. This suggests that Mechanical Engineers may need training in specialized knowledge competencies in order to transfer to compatible occupations. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Mechanical Engineers. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 35: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Mechanical Engineers by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Design Mathematics Oral Comprehension 2. Engineering and Technology Reading Comprehension Witten Comprehension 3. Mathematics Active Learning Deductive Reasoning 4. Mechanical Judgment and Decision Making Mathematical Reasoning 5. Physics Science Information Ordering 6. Computers and Electronics Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression 7. Production and Processing Operations Analysis Number Facility 8. English Language Monitoring Problem Sensitivity 9. Education and Training Critical Thinking Category Flexibility 10. Administration and System Evaluation Visualization Management Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 24

26 Figure 36: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Mechanical Engineers SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Aerospace Engineers <10 (2) $ Marine Architects <10 0 $ Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 67 (1) $ Chemical Engineers <10 (1) $ Nuclear Engineers <10 (3) $ Materials Engineers <10 0 $ Mechatronics Engineers 13 (5) $ Fire-Prevention and Protection <10 (2) $ Engineers Industrial Engineering 13 (3) $ Technologists Wind Energy Engineers 13 (5) $ Figure 37: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Mechanical Engineers Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 25

27 Occupation 7: Accountants and Auditors (SOC: ) Description Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. Sample of Related Job Titles: Accountant, Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Staff Accountant, Accounting Manager, Cost Accountant, General Accountant, Accounting Officer, Business Analyst, Accounting Supervisor, Financial Reporting Accountant, Auditor, Internal Auditor, Auditor-in-Charge, Assurance Manager, Audit Manager, Internal Audit Director, Assurance Senior, Audit Partner, Deputy for Audit, Financial Auditor Figure 38: Accountants and Auditors Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 39: Top Jurisdictions for Accountants and Auditors Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $28.56 Wise $27.26 Dickenson $28.56 Tazewell $24.80 Russell $23.13 Lee $26.34 Norton City $28.56 Scott $24.57 Total $26.04 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 26

28 Figure 40: Age Distribution Accountants and Auditors, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 7% 19% 23% 25% 20% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings Accountants and Auditors Accountants and Auditors possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in financial, management, and business analysis occupations. The competencies are listed below and include economics and accounting, critical thinking, and comprehension. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Accountants and Auditors are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For Accountants, the only knowledge gap that appears in both crosswalks for related occupations is Education and Training. Also, all but two knowledge gaps (English Language and Administration and Management), are not listed in the top ten knowledge competencies for Accountants. This occupation does not have any skill gaps that show up twice in the crosswalks. Most of the skill gaps (except Management of Financial Resources and Time Management) are listed in the top ten competencies. This suggest that Accountants will need workforce development or training in the knowledge areas, but not much for the skill areas. The most noticeable gap for Auditors in both knowledge and skill is Mathematics, which is also a STEM competency. This gap appears in both crosswalks for compatible occupations and also shows up in the top ten knowledge competencies for Auditors. Overall, this occupation has many gaps in other areas, but since it has a baseline knowledge in most of the gaps (for example, Economics and Accounting, Mathematics, Systems Analysis, and Judgment and Decision Making) extra training and development for compatible occupations should not be difficult. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Accountants and Auditors. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 27

29 Figure 41: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Auditors by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Economics and Accounting Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning 2. English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression 3. Administration and Speaking Oral Comprehension Management 4. Mathematics Writing Near Vision 5. Computers and Electronics Active Listening Written Comprehension 6. Personnel and Human Monitoring Inductive Reasoning Resources 7. Law and Government Systems Evaluation Written Expression 8. Customer and Personal Service Active Learning Problem Sensitivity 9. Clerical Systems Analysis Number Facility 10. Education and Training Judgment and Decision Making Mathematical Reasoning Figure 42: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Accountants by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Economics and Accounting Critical Thinking Number Facility 2. Clerical Mathematics Written Comprehension 3. Mathematics Reading Comprehension Oral Expression 4. Computer and Electronics Active Listening Mathematical Reasoning 5. Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension 6. Administration and Judgment and Decision Making Written Expression Management 7. English Language Systems Analysis Problem Sensitivity 8. Personnel and Human Monitoring Near Vision Resources 9. Law and Government Writing Category Flexibly 10. Communications and Media Active Learning Deductive Reasoning Figure 43: Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Auditors SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Financial Examiners <10 0 $ Financial Analysts 27 (5) $ Risk Management Specialists 29 (2) $ Actuaries <10 0 $ Credit Analysts 20 0 $ Treasurers and Controllers 110 (12) $ Compensation, Benefits, and Job 16 (1) $ Analysis Specialists Business Intelligence Analysts 17 (3) $ Accountants 279 (29) $ Budget Analysts 13 (2) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 28

30 Figure 44: Top 10 Occupations for Compatibility to Accountants SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Budget Analysts 13 (2) $ Financial Analysts 27 (5) $ Bookkeeping, Accounting, and 780 (47) $ Auditing Clerks Tax Examiners and Collectors, 35 0 $ and Revenue Agents Credit Analysts 20 0 $ Tax Preparers 29 (2) $ Loan Interviewers and Clerks 72 (4) $ Auditors 279 (29) $ Brokerage Clerks <10 (1) $ Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 16 (1) $ Compatibility Index Figure 45: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Accountants Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 29

31 Figure 46: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Auditors Occupation 8: Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive (SOC: ) Description Perform routine clerical and administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. Sample of Related Job Titles: Administrative Assistant, Administrative Associate, Administrative Secretary, Administrative Specialist, Administrative Technician, Clerk Typist, Department Secretary, Office Assistant, Secretary, Staff Assistant Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 30

32 Figure 47: Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 48: Top Jurisdictions for Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $14.21 Wise $12.83 Dickenson $12.92 Tazewell $13.37 Russell $14.21 Lee $12.15 Norton City $11.26 Scott $11.26 Total $13.20 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 31

33 Figure 49: Age Distribution Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 9% 20% 23% 24% 19% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office and general business settings. The competencies are listed below and include clerical, listening, comprehension, customer and personal service, and speaking and writing. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Secretaries and Administrative Assistants are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive, there is only one skill gap (Persuasion) that appears in both crosswalks. This gap is not listed in the top ten competencies for this occupation, so this skill will have to be developed in order to transfer to related occupations. The other noted gaps are also not listed in the top ten competencies and will have to be developed as well. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 50: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Clerical Active Listening Oral Comprehension 2. Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Expression 3. Computers and Electronics Writing Near Vision 4. English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 32

34 5. Administration and Critical Thinking Written Expression Management 6. Mathematics Service Orientation Speech Recognition 7. Education and Training Time Management Information Ordering 8. Personnel and Human Active Learning Speech Clarity Resources 9. Communications and Media Social Perceptiveness Deductive Reasoning 10. Economics and Accounting Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Figure 51: Top 10 Occupations for Compatibility to Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Procurement Clerks 29 (2) $ Human Resources Assistants, 72 (4) $ Except Payroll and Timekeeping Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 185 (31) $ Office Clerks, General 1,512 (130) $ Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 171 (16) $ Medical Secretaries 153 (15) $ Insurance Claims Clerks 36 5 $ Interviewers, Except Eligibility 111 (4) $ and Loan Legal Secretaries 92 (10) $ Court Clerks 61 2 $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 33

35 Figure 52: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Occupation 9: Customer Service Representatives (SOC: ) Description Interact with customers to provide information in response to inquiries about products and services and to handle and resolve complaints Sample of Related Job Titles: Account Manager, Account Representative, Call Center Representative, Client Services Representative, Customer Care Representative (CCR), Customer Service Agent, Customer Service Representative (Customer Service Rep), Customer Service Specialist, Member Services Representative, Sales Facilitator Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 34

36 Figure 53: Customer Service Representatives Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) 1,600 1,400 1,301 1,257 1, ,200 1, Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 54: Top Jurisdictions for Customer Service Representatives Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $9.72 Wise $9.76 Dickenson $10.13 Tazewell $11.88 Russell $11.96 Lee $10.13 Norton City $11.96 Scott $11.00 Total $10.71 Figure 55: Age Distribution Customer Service Representatives, WIA 1 20% 24% 20% 18% 13% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 35

37 Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings Customer Service Representatives Customer Service Representatives possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate occupations in office, sales, tourism, and general business. The competencies are listed below and include customer and personal service clerical, listening, comprehension, computers, English language, and speaking and writing. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for Customer Service Representatives are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. For Customer Service Representatives, the two knowledge competency gaps that show up in both crosswalks for compatible occupations are Psychology and Personnel and Human Resources. These gaps are not in the top ten knowledge competencies for Customer Service Representatives, so workforce development or training will be required to transfer into these occupations. Also, the only skill gap that appears in the top ten competencies is Writing, so the other skill gaps will need additional training as well. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Customer Service Representatives. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 56: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Customer Service Representatives by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression 2. Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension 3. English Language Speaking Written Comprehension 4. Computers and Electronics Service Orientation Speech Recognition 5. Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression 6. Education and Training Persuasion Near Vision 7. Sales and Marketing Coordination Speech Clarity 8. Communications and Media Negotiation Deductive Reasoning 9. Administration and Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Management 10. Law and Government Writing Inductive Reasoning Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 36

38 Figure 57 : Top 10 Production Occupations for Compatibility to Customer Service Representatives SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Receptionists and Information 1,038 (28) $ Clerks Bill and Account Collectors 178 (14) $ Interviewers, Except Eligibility 228 (9) $ and Loan Insurance Claims Clerks 61 2 $ Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk 183 (2) $ Clerks Medical Secretaries $ Switchboard Operators, 97 (46) $ Including Answering Service Credit Checkers 16 (3) $ Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks $ License Clerks $ Figure 58: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Customer Service Representatives Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 37

39 Occupation 9: General and Operations Mangers (SOC: ) Description Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Sample of Related Job Titles: Operations Manager, General Manager (GM), Director of Operations, Plant Manager, Store Manager, Facilities Manager, Plant Superintendent, Vice President of Operations, Warehouse Manager, Chief Operating Officer (COO) Figure 59: General and Operations Managers Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Southwest VA WIA 1 Kentucky Border West VA Border Figure 60: Top Jurisdictions for General and Operations Managers, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) Counties 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Buchanan $38.43 Wise $36.31 Dickenson $38.43 Tazewell $34.81 Russell $38.06 Lee $34.50 Norton City $38.43 Scott $34.51 Total $36.41 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 38

40 Figure 61: Age Distribution General and Operations Managers, WIA 1 13% 21% 23% 23% 17% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65 and Older Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings General and Operations Managers General and Operations Managers possess a number of competencies that may be assets in exploring transferability to alternate management and supervisory-related occupations. The competencies are listed below and include customer and personal service, coordination, administration and management, critical thinking and personnel and human resources. Based on competencies matching, the top 10 compatible occupations for General and Operations Managers are listed. For example purposes, two of the possible compatible occupations are selected as a crosswalk example. General and Operations Managers do not appear to have many knowledge gaps in transferring to compatible occupations. The knowledge gap of Production and Processing is also listed in the top ten knowledge competences of this occupation, so it should not take much training to close the gap. The only skill gap that appears in both crosswalks is the STEM gap of Mathematics. None of the skill gaps in the crosswalks are listed in the top ten competencies of General and Operations Managers. This suggests that this occupation may require workforce development or training to transfer into compatible occupations. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional professional and technical characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for General and Operations Managers. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to similar occupations. Figure 62: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for General and Operations Managers by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Coordination Oral Comprehension 2. Administration and Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Management 3. Personnel and Human Critical Thinking Oral Expression Resources 4. Clerical Monitoring Written Comprehension 5. Mathematics Writing Written Expression Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 39

41 6. Computers and Electronics Speaking Deductive Reasoning 7. Economics and Accounting Social Perceptiveness Information Ordering 8. Sales and Marketing Management of Personnel Speech Recognition Resources 9. Education and Training Active listening Speech Clarity 10. Production and Processing Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Figure 63: Top 10 Occupations for Compatibility to General and Operations Managers SOC Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Storage and Distribution 32 (4) $ Managers Meeting, Convention, and Event 21 (1) $ Planners Logistics Managers 32 (4) $ Administrative Services 168 (11) $ Managers Wholesale and Retail Buyers, 54 (2) $ Except Farm Products First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material- Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 295 (47) $ First-Line Supervisors of Non- Retail Sales Workers Information Technology Project Managers Solar Sales Representatives and Assessors Postmasters and Mail Superintendents 114 (29) $ $ (12) $ (6) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 40

42 Figure 64: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for General and Operations Managers End Notes i Source: EMSI data based primarily on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). ii Source: EMSI data based primarily on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). iii Source: EMSI's proprietary employment data iv Source: EMSI data based primarily on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). v Source: Primarily the national OES staffing pattern, combined with projections from the National Industry- Occupation Employment Matrix and EMSI's proprietary employment data Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 41