A PRESCRIPTIVE PATH TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS FOR HOSPITALS

Transcription

1 A PRESCRIPTIVE PATH TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT OF A PRESCRIPTIVE PACKAGE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES TO OBTAIN ENERGY SAVINGS AND EARN POINTS UNDER THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2 December 19, 2007 Submitted to: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Pacific Gas & Electric Southern California Edison Massachusetts Technology Collaborative US Green Building Council Environmental Protection Agency Submitted by: The Green Guide for Health Care c/o Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems 8604 FM 969 Austin, TX Adele Houghton, GGHC Project Manager Steven Guttmann, Research Committee Chair phone: (512) fax: (512) adele@gghc.org

2 Executive Summary Research began in Fall 2006 to develop a prescriptive path to energy improvements that could be incorporated as an alternative pathway to meet the requirements of the Green Guide for Health Care s (GGHC) Optimize Energy Performance credits. Through a process that included DOE-2.1E modeling, evaluation of measures for cost effectiveness, climate neutrality, and confidence of energy performance, a prescriptive package was assembled comprised of the following energy efficiency measures (EEMs): Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE High Performance Windows and Glazing (U window = 0.40; SHGC cog = 0.38) Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for all applicable areas (including Offices and Storage Areas) Central VAV AHUs using Chilled and Heating Hot Water Fan power reduced 10% less than limit under ASHRAE Appendix G Turn-Down Ratio of 30% on VAV Boxes Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) Turn-down Ratio of 30% for Heating Hot Water and Chilled Water Pumps variable speed drives High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kw/ton at Full Load, and 0.40 kw/ton IPLV) Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps The applicability of these measures is limited to hospitals of 70,000 square feet or more. For health care facilities 70,000 square feet and less, the research committee recommends that projects comply with the prescriptive measures of the 2007 New Buildings Institute Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide with the following modification: HVAC systems serving all areas must include Variable Air Volume (VAV) air handling units with zoning controls to maintain pressure relationships as specified in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities. This group of EEMs is also proposed for use in LEED for Healthcare, and is included in the LEED for Healthcare Draft currently issued for public comment. Research Summary In spite of inpatient health care facilities high energy use intensity (2.7 times the gross energy use intensity of office buildings based on the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) published by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), energy efficiency in hospital design and construction is often a secondary consideration for owners and design teams. While hospitals are addressed in national energy efficiency guidelines such as ASHRAE 90.1 they are exempt from compliance with State and local energy codes in most if not all municipalities across the country. National sustainability guidance for buildings, such as the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) and the U.S. Green Building Council s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED ) rating system, promote energy efficiency. Feedback from projects using GGHC and LEED indicate a perception that modeling is expensive, complex, and of questionable accuracy and, hence, value. Promoting the design of energy efficient hospitals and health care facilities is a core component of the Green Guide for Health Care. In the winter of 2005, members of the Green Guide for Health Care s A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 1 Improvements for Hospitals

3 Steering Committee, in association with the committee developing the LEED for Healthcare tool, identified the need for a prescriptive path to energy efficiency improvements for owners and design teams that found the performance approach of Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1, Optimize Energy Performance, undesirable. A research steering committee was established with members from both the GGHC and LEED for Healthcare committees. Seed funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) was obtained, and a research budget was developed. In Fall 2006, equipped with additional funding provided by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC) and two California utilities - Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) and Southern California Edison (SCE) Viridian Energy and Environmental, LLC began modeling based on parameters developed by the research committee: A 7 story, 225,000 square foot hospital containing Operating Rooms (ORs), Recovery, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), patient rooms, pharmacy, imaging department, dietary, central sterile, and an Emergency Department, would be modeled in three climate zones (New York City, NY; Minneapolis, MN; and Houston, TX). A baseline hospital using ASHRAE , Appendix G requirements would be used for comparison of the performance of the proposed building and Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs). A GGHC v2.2 standard building would be developed to evaluate the differences between ASHRAE requirements and GGHC v2.2 modeling rules. EEMs would be developed, modeled, and evaluated in order to design buildings that would perform sufficiently better than the ASHRAE baseline building to earn 2 points (approximately 14% more efficient than ASHRAE ) under both GGHC v2.2 and the future EA Credit 1 requirements of LEED for Healthcare. During development of the baseline energy model, initial decisions on building program resulted in a baseline building that the research committee agreed was more efficient than the average hospital being built by teams for which energy efficiency is not a serious programmatic goal. Initial baseline buildings achieved energy efficiencies that would have earned an Energy Star Energy Performance Rating (EPR) in the mid-80s (for information on Energy Star EPRs see Modeling assumptions were modified, ultimately yielding baseline buildings that had EPRs in the mid-60s, and this was considered suitable for our baseline buildings. In order to develop a prescriptive package that could be promoted as a national standard (such as would be the case if this package were used in GGHC or LEED for Healthcare), the committee agreed that the package needed to meet the following goals: Use cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption Be based on a single set of EEMs that can, to the extent possible, be applied across US climate zones With a high level of confidence, provide the targeted level of energy efficiency performance improvement on any hospital project in any US climate zone. Acceptance by the various constituencies that would consider using the EEM package as well as the design and construction marketplace was considered to be highly dependent on meeting these goals. Using their collective experience in developing successful energy efficiency strategies for actual projects, the research committee identified a list of potential EEMs. Next, the committee developed a process to rank individual EEMs based on their individual improvements compared to a set of A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 2 Improvements for Hospitals

4 qualitative criteria (listed below). These criteria were identified as critical to the success of the prescriptive path in meeting the above goals. Table 1 shows the criteria, and the EEM ranking based on the weighted score of the qualitative criteria. The higher the score (on a scale of 1 to 3), the better the EEM performed relative to the criteria. For example, the performance improvements of high efficiency motors were not climate dependent, while the performance improvements of heat recovery systems were considered highly climate dependent. Qualitative criteria used addressed the following issues: Climate dependency: Would the predicted EEM performance improvement be highly dependent on climate or not? Return on investment (ROI): Would the EEM generally be considered highly cost effective or not? Practicality: Would the design and construction community find the EEM generally easy to implement? Reliability of Savings: Could the EEM generally be relied on to provide the predicted performance improvement when implemented by a reasonably competent designer and/or contractor? Predictability of Savings: Is the performance improvement of the EEM accurately predicted by the model? Table 1 Qualitative Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Measures reliability of savings overall weighted score climate dependency return on investment practicality predictability of savings weighting hi-eff motors high efficiency transformers condensing dhw hi performance glazing vsd pumps % less hp/cfm (hp/gpm) occ sensors % less ext lpd % less interior lpd vsd chiller central system % turndown vav opaque envelope proj factor heat recovery cooling tower control condensing boiler The analysis further weighted EEMs by EEM performance improvements, and rankings were modified as shown in Table 2. A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 3 Improvements for Hospitals

5 TABLE 2 Final Ranking of Energy Efficiency Measures score x % savings central system 89 vsd chiller 69 hi performance glazing 55 10% less hp/cfm (hp/gpm) 54 10% less interior lpd 49 hi-eff motors 33 condensing boiler 33 occ sensors 29 30% turndown vav 25 20% less ext lpd 21 condensing dhw 18 proj factor 13 opaque envelope 12 vsd pumps 12 high efficiency transformers 9 heat recovery 6 cooling tower control 4 The list of EEMs assembled as a result of this effort are: Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE High Performance Windows and Glazing (U window = 0.40; SHGC cog = 0.38) Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for all applicable areas (including Offices and Storage Areas) Central VAV AHUs using Chilled and Heating Hot Water Fan power reduced 10% less than limit under ASHRAE Appendix G Turn-Down Ratio of 30% on VAV Boxes Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers 1 Turn-down Ratio of 30% for Heating Hot Water and Chilled Water Pumps variable speed drives High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kw/ton at Full Load, and 0.40 kw/ton IPLV) Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps Once the desired list of EEMs was developed, the original building models were run one more time in order to establish performance metrics for the three climate zones investigated. Reports on these three models are included as Appendices 1 through 3. 1 This EEM was dropped from the final group of measures due to changes in the EPA program. EPA suspended the ENERGY STAR Transformers specification effective May 1, In EPACT 2005, Congress passed a new minimum federal efficiency standard for transformers at the same level as the ENERGY STAR specification. All transformers manufactured on or after January 1, 2007 must meet these new criteria. A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 4 Improvements for Hospitals

6 The final step in the process of meeting our objectives included a sensitivity analysis. Through generous support from the US EPA, ICF International performed this analysis to evaluate the ability of our prescriptive package to provide adequate energy efficiency improvements in any hospital in any US climate zone. ICF conducted a set of approximately 600 energy simulations in ICF-DOE, a DOE2.1E energy simulation tool, to determine the impact of varying architectural characteristics (i.e., floor area and number of stories) and building location on the energy performance of hospitals implementing the single prescriptive package of EEMs. The results of this analysis convinced the research committee that the selected EEM package provides, with a high level of confidence, energy efficiency improvements of at least a 14% over ASHRAE in all US climate zones. The sensitivity analysis supported the research committee s conclusion that energy efficiency improvements would be significant enough to award two points under GGHC v2.2 Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 (EA C1). Based on the difference in energy use intensities between office buildings and hospitals, the committee further agreed to propose two points be awarded to the prescriptive package under EA C1 as part of the Draft of LEED for Healthcare. A copy of the Sensitivity Analysis report is included in Appendix 4. The sensitivity analysis led to another key conclusion: the confidence level for this package could not be maintained when buildings were smaller than approximately 70,000 square feet. This results not only from an increase in the climate dependency of measures for this type of building (due to a higher ratio of envelope area to building volume), but is also a practical lower limit on the size of inpatient facilities. Below 70,000 square feet, health care facilities tend to be built to meet a wide variety of program needs (e.g. outpatient surgeries, dialysis centers, imaging centers, regional pharmacies and labs). The climate dependency and range of energy use intensity (EUI) suggest that another approach needs to be used for buildings of this size. Development of a prescriptive package tailored to health care buildings below 70,000 will require further research activity. New tools are available that will temporarily fill this gap, such as the new Core Performance Guide, prepared by the New Buildings Institute as part of the Advanced Buildings family of products. In the interim, it was decided that the Core Performance Guide should serve as the prescriptive path for health care buildings less than 70,000 square feet. As currently included in LEED-NC version 2.2, projects using the Guide would receive two EA Credit 1 points. A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 5 Improvements for Hospitals

7 Conclusions This research project has successfully developed a list of energy efficiency measures that when applied to hospitals greater than 70,000 square feet will earn 2 points under GGHC v2.2 EA Credit 1. Health care buildings less than or equal to 70,000 square feet will earn 2 points under GGHC v2.2 EA Credit 1 if they follow the Core Performance Guide, prepared by the New Buildings Institute as part of the Advanced Buildings family of products. This prescriptive path methodology has also been proposed for inclusion in the Draft LEED for Healthcare to earn 2 points under EA Credit 1. These measures, with a reasonable level of confidence, provide energy efficiency improvements that are commensurate with the level of performance required for 2 points under LEED-NC guidelines (14% better than ASHRAE ) in all US climate zones, and regardless of building configuration for buildings over 70,000 square feet. A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 6 Improvements for Hospitals

8 Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 Prescriptive Path Research Committee Steve Guttmann Craig Kneeland Kim Shinn Pat Branch Clark Reed Lance Stewart Carl Ian Graham Adrian Tuluca Research Committee Chair, Guttmann & Blaevoet, GGHC, LEED HC NYSERDA, GGHC TLC Engineering for Architecture, GGHC, LEED HC, LEED Board Member Astorino, LEED HC EPA, GGHC, LEED HC Farnsworth Group, LEED HC Viridian Viridian Additional Support received from: Brendan Owens Deon Glaser Jawad Zaidi Erik Ring Sholem Prastow Andrea Porter Gary Suzuki Brian Dean Jim Christo USGBC USGBC Viridian Glumac, LEED EA TAG Teknion Furniture Systems, LEED HC Pacific Gas & Electric Southern California Edison ICF International Massachusetts Technology Collaborative GGHC = GGHC Steering Committee LEED HC = LEED for Healthcare Core Committee Generous financial support for this effort was received from: NYSERDA Pacific Gas & Electric Southern California Edison USGBC Massachusetts Technology Collaborative Environmental Protection Agency A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 7 Improvements for Hospitals

9 APPENDIX 1 Report on modeling of hospital in New York City, New York A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 8 Improvements for Hospitals

10 ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR TREATMENT HOSPITALS TO OBTAIN ENERGY SAVINGS VS. THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2 Part 1: NEW YORK CITY FINAL REPORT Submitted to: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 17 Columbia Circle Albany, NY Attn.: Craig Kneeland, Senior Project Manager phone: x 3311 fax: cek@nyserda.org Submitted by: Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC. 50 Washington Street Norwalk, CT Adrian Tuluca, Principal phone: ext. 238 fax: atuluca@viridianee.com 60 W 39 th Street, Suite 3W New York, NY June 21, 2007 A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 9 Improvements for Hospitals

11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in New York City based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals: Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) version 2.2; Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G; and Χ Create a prescriptive package of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) that saves at least 14% in annual energy use compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case. Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC (VEE) used an extended UNIX version of the computer software DOE-2.1E to model a 225,000 ft 2 hospital designed in The following table summarizes the energy use for the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case, the Design Case per GGHC V-2.2, and the EEM package that saves 16.5% in annual energy cost compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case: List of Alternates Annual Electric Use Annual Electric Demand Annual Gas Use Annual Energy Use Annual Energy Savings Annual Energy Cost Annual Savings kwh kw CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft 2 ASHRAE Appendix G 6,243,386 1, ,290 46,238 1,539, BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 6,257,922 1, ,925 47, % 1,581,362 (42,131) -2.7% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 5,177,661 1, ,596 39, % 1,285, , % 0.98 Avg. LPD The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE High Performance Windows and Glazing (U window = 0.40; SHGC cog = 0.38) Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE Appendix G Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes Exterior Lighting power 20% less than ASHRAE High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kw/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kw/ton IPLV) Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 10 Improvements for Hospitals

12 A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for LaGuardia Airport, NY. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1 st & 3 rd floors: 16'-0" 2 nd,4 th, 5 th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6 th floor: 14'-0" 7 th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: Core Spaces: 8'-6" 8'-0" A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 11 Improvements for Hospitals

13 B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE Standard for New York): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff Χ U fenestration 0.57 Χ Vision glazing area is 33% of total wall area Exterior wall precast concrete panel: (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for New York): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ Continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = Exterior wall metal panel: (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for New York): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Mineral fiber insulation between steel 16 o.c. Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction: (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for New York): Χ Gravel Χ Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 12 Improvements for Hospitals

14 Χ Steel deck Χ Ufactor = Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1 st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2 nd through 7 th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 13 Improvements for Hospitals

15 C. BUILDING OCCUPANCY PATTERNS The total staff and visitor occupancy are based on the information contained in the Vertical Transportation Design Guidelines, prepared by John A. VanDeusen Associates, February 27, 1998 revision. The Occupancy Schedules were input as follows: Basement: Pharmacy (5 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Mechanical/Electrical Rooms (3 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Imaging (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Floors 1 through 3: Trauma / Emergency Operating (200 ft 2 per person) Emergency Corridor (100 ft 2 per person) Emergency Waiting Lounge (50 ft 2 per person) A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 14 Improvements for Hospitals

16 General Lobby (10 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Coffee shop (15 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% First floor administrative offices (5 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen (18 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. 100% 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 90% 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. 90% 7:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Surgery (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% Central Sterile (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 15 Improvements for Hospitals

17 Floors 4 through 7: Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Sunday/Holiday All hours 0% Corridor & Storage Areas All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Nurses Workstations & Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 80% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m % 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 100% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m % 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m % 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 80% Offices on patient floors Patients Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, Nursery and Pediatric Patient Rooms, includes visitors All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 100% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 125% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 100% Visitor lounges Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 0% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 16 Improvements for Hospitals

18 On-call Rooms All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 17 Improvements for Hospitals

19 D. LIGHTING AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT LOADS The Lighting Power Density for the design case is based on the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2. The following table shows the Lighting Power Density used in various spaces: Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Basement Linen Collection & General Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 First Floor Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 The lighting use schedules are as given below. General Lighting Schedules: Pharmacy Mechanical/Electrical Rooms Basement Linen Collection & General Storage Imaging Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Weekends/Holiday All hours 25% Trauma / Emergency Operating A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 18 Improvements for Hospitals

20 Emergency Corridor Emergency Waiting Lounge Lobby, Corridors Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 19 Improvements for Hospitals

21 Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery Storage Areas All days All hours 50% A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 20 Improvements for Hospitals

22 Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kw, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Coffee Shop (2.1 kw) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 21 Improvements for Hospitals

23 Central Sterile (1W/ft² receptacle + 5 W/ft² process + 7 W/ft² steam ) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy (0.4 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Sunday, Holiday All hours 10% Nurse s workstations & Offices on patient floors (1.5 w/ft²) Patient rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 75% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Visitor s lounge(0.3 w/ft²) Pediatric Patient Rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m.- Midnight 15% Pediatric Playroom (0.3 w/ft²) On-call Rooms(0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces (0.1 w/ft²) Nursery (0.2 w/ft²) All days All hours 00% Patient Special Care Units (0.8 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Offices on Patient Floors (1.5 w/ft²) A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 22 Improvements for Hospitals

24 E. HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING SCHEDULES Heating and Cooling Seasons Heating and cooling available all year around. Winter season is from September 16 thru May 15 and summer season is from May 16 thru September 15. Heating Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 72 o F Summer All Hours 70 o F (reheat an overcooled space to this temperature) Surgery Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 70 o F 60 o F 72 o F 60 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 70 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 72 o F Corridors All Days All Hours 72 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours 55 o F Summer All Hours 35 o F (no reheat) Cooling Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 76 o F Summer All Hours 75 o F Surgery Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM 73 o F Weekends and all other hours 90 o F Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 75 o F 90 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 73 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 23

25 All Days All Hours 75 o F Corridors Kitchen All Days All Hours 75 o F All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 90 o F 5 a.m p.m. 80 o F 11 p.m. - Midnight 90 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours Summer All Hours no cooling 85 o F Air Handling Unit (AHU) Fan Schedule Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. AHU fans off* 5 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* Administration All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. All Other AHUs All Days All Hours AHU fans off* 6 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* AHU fan on Ventilation & Exhaust Air The following table summarizes the ventilation and exhaust air requirements as set forth in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities (prepared by The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health with assistance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and in the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 ( January 2007). ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 24

26 Area Designation Air Movement Relationship to Adjacent Area Minimum Air Changes per Hour of Outdoor Air Supplied to Room Minimum Total Changes per Hour Supplied to Room All Air Exhausted Directly to Outdoors Patient Rooms Intensive Care Units Isolation Rooms In 2 12 Yes Isolation Anteroom In/Out - 10 Yes Nurseries Operating/Surgical Cytoscopic Rooms Examination & Treatment Rooms Out Recovery Room Critical & Intensive Care Trauma Room Out Triage In 2 12 Yes ER Waiting Room In 2 12 Yes Pharmacy Out - 4 ETO-Sterilizer Room In - 10 Yes Ventilation air schedule All Days All Hours Exhaust fans Efficiency Static pressure drop Schedule No less than minimum design ventilation air 65% (combined: fan and motor) 2" H 2O follows AHU fan schedule Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 25

27 ER waiting room Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by constant volume boxes. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 66, 837; Total fan electrical power = KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 685; Total fan electrical power =31.16 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 9, 032; Total fan electrical power = KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby Trauma Triage Sterile Operating 17, Surgery(2 nd Floor) 17, Surgery(3rd Floor) 14, Imaging 9, First Floor 6, AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 2% 6 a.m. 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. 7 p.m. 100% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 26

28 7 p.m. 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2% Operating parameters: Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows: October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 o F May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 o F Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basement (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is gal/hr from 7 a.m p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 o F ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 27

29 F. UTILITY RATES The hospital will have natural gas and primary electric utility service provided by Consolidated Edison (ConEd). Details of the rates for these services, current as of 2006, are given below Electricity Rate for ConEdison Service Classification No 9 Rate II The proposed building is under ConEd's Service Classification 9: General-Large for The energy cost includes an additional gross tax and 8.625% sales tax. The breakdown of monthly energy and demand charges is as follows: Demand per Kw Energy per kwh Energy per kwh Mon thru Fri 8 AM-10 PM All other hours including holidays January $14.86 $ $ February $22.74 $ $ March $22.64 $ $ April $21.89 $ $ May $24.91 $ $ June $39.97 $ $ July $38.33 $ $ August $39.54 $ $ September $39.97 $ $ October $24.45 $ $ November $17.50 $ $ December $16.79 $ $ Natural Gas Service Classification No 2 Rate I The natural gas rate consists of a delivery and commodity charge. The sales tax is 8.625%. Delivery Charge per therm: First 3 therms Next 87 therms Next 2,010 therms In excess of 3,000 therms May 2005 $ $ $ $ July 2005 $ $ $ $ August 2005 $ $ $ $ September 2005 $ $ $ $ October 2005 $ $ $ $ November 2005 $ $ $ $ December 2005 $ $ $ $ January 2006 $ $ $ $ February 2006 $ $ $ $ March 2006 $ $ $ $ April 2006 $ $ $ $ Commodity Charge: Minimum monthly charge: $12.70 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 28

30 G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHNY: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G for New York City. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G (New York) case: Lighting Base Case As per GGHC Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard (New York) Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 1.20 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 1.50 Storage 0.90 Imaging 0.40 Trauma 2.20 Surgery 2.20 Central Sterile 1.50 Lobby 1.30 Corridors 1.00 Coffee shop 0.90 Administrative Offices 1.10 Physical Therapy 0.90 Nurses Workstations 1.00 Patient Rooms 0.70 Visitor lounge 0.80 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.70 Pediatric Playroom 0.80 On-call Rooms 0.70 Core Storage Spaces 0.90 Nursery 0.60 Storage Areas 0.90 Overall 1.09 ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% lower than IESNA/ASHRAE Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft 2 ). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 29

31 Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms. The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: Storage: Mech. Rms.: 15% during the day, 60% during the day and 30% at night, and 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boilers system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kw/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kw/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kw/ton 75% 0.44 kw/ton 50% 0.37 kw/ton 25% 0.38 kw/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards. ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 30

32 DOE-2.1E SUMMARY OUTPUT TABLES ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 31

33 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 32

34 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 33

35 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 90 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 34

36 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 180 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 35

37 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : AZ ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 270 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 36

38 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 37

39 APPENDIX 2 Report on modeling of hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 38

40 ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR TREATMENT HOSPITALS TO OBTAIN ENERGY SAVINGS VS. THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2 Part 2: MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA FINAL REPORT Submitted to: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 17 Columbia Circle Albany, NY Attn.: Craig Kneeland, Senior Project Manager phone: x 3311 fax: cek@nyserda.org Submitted by: Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC. 50 Washington Street Norwalk, CT Adrian Tuluca, Principal phone: ext. 238 fax: atuluca@viridianee.com 60 W. 39 th Street, Suite 3W New York, NY June 21, 2007 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 39

41 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in Minneapolis, Minnesota based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals: Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) version 2.2; Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G; and Χ Create a prescriptive package of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) that saves at least 14% in annual energy use compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case. Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC (VEE) used an extended UNIX version of the computer software DOE-2.1E to model a 225,000 ft 2 hospital designed in The following table summarizes the energy use for the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case, the Design Case per GGHC V-2.2, and the EEM package that saves 16.2% in annual energy cost compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case: List of Alternates Annual Electric Use Annual Electric Demand Annual Gas Use Annual Energy Use Annual Energy Savings Annual Energy Cost Annual Savings kwh kw CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft 2 ASHRAE Appendix G 6,026,959 1, ,446 54, , BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 5,934,455 1, ,148 55, % 653,254 (9,412) -1.5% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 5,032,724 1, ,450 45, % 539, , % 0.98 The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE High Performance Windows and Glazing (U window = 0.40; SHGC cog = 0.38) Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE Appendix G Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kw/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kw/ton IPLV) Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps Avg. LPD ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 40

42 A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for Minneapolis, MN. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1 st & 3 rd floors: 16'-0" 2 nd,4 th, 5 th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6 th floor: 14'-0" 7 th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: Core Spaces: 8'-6" 8'-0" ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 41

43 B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE Standard for Minneapolis): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff Χ U fenestration 0.57 Exterior wall precast concrete panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Minneapolis): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ 2-1/2" continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation (R-10) Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Exterior wall metal panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Minneapolis): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/2" mineral fiber insulation between steel 16 o.c. (R-6.5) Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Minneapolis) Χ Gravel Χ 4" Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab Χ Steel deck ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 42

44 Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1 st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2 nd through 7 th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 43

45 C. BUILDING OCCUPANCY PATTERNS The total staff and visitor occupancy are based on the information contained in the Vertical Transportation Design Guidelines, prepared by John A. VanDeusen Associates, February 27, 1998 revision. The Occupancy Schedules were input as follows: Basement: Pharmacy (5 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Mechanical/Electrical Rooms (3 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Imaging (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Floors 1 through 3: Trauma / Emergency Operating (200 ft 2 per person) Emergency Corridor (100 ft 2 per person) Emergency Waiting Lounge (50 ft 2 per person) ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 44

46 General Lobby (10 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Coffee shop (15 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% First floor administrative offices (5 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen (18 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. 100% 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 90% 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. 90% 7:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Surgery (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% Central Sterile (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 45

47 Floors 4 through 7: Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Sunday/Holiday All hours 0% Corridor & Storage Areas All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Nurses Workstations & Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 80% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m % 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 100% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m % 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m % 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 80% Offices on patient floors Patients Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, Nursery and Pediatric Patient Rooms, includes visitors All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 100% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 125% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 100% Visitor lounges Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 0% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 46

48 On-call Rooms All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 47

49 D. LIGHTING AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT LOADS The Lighting Power Density for the design case is based on the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.1. The following table shows the Lighting Power Density used in various spaces: Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Basement Linen Collection & General Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 First Floor Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 The lighting use schedules are as given below. General Lighting Schedules: Pharmacy Mechanical/Electrical Rooms Basement Linen Collection & General Storage Imaging Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Weekends/Holiday All hours 25% Trauma / Emergency Operating ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 48

50 Emergency Corridor Emergency Waiting Lounge Lobby, Corridors Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 49

51 Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery Storage Areas All days All hours 50% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 50

52 Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kw, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Coffee Shop (2.1 kw) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 51

53 Central Sterile (1W/ft² receptacle + 5 W/ft² process + 7 W/ft² steam ) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy (0.4 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Sunday, Holiday All hours 10% Nurse s workstations & Offices on patient floors (1.5 w/ft²) Patient rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 75% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Visitor s lounge(0.3 w/ft²) Pediatric Patient Rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m.- Midnight 15% Pediatric Playroom (0.3 w/ft²) On-call Rooms(0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces (0.1 w/ft²) Nursery (0.2 w/ft²) Patient Special Care Units (0.8 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Offices on Patient Floors (1.5 w/ft²) ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 52

54 E. HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING SCHEDULES Heating and Cooling Seasons Heating and cooling available all year around. Winter season is from September 16 thru May 15 and summer season is from May 16 thru September 15. Heating Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 72 o F Summer All Hours 70 o F (reheat an overcooled space to this temperature) Surgery Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 70 o F 60 o F 72 o F 60 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 70 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 72 o F Corridors All Days All Hours 72 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours 55 o F Summer All Hours 35 o F (no reheat) Cooling Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 76 o F Summer All Hours 75 o F Surgery Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM 73 o F Weekends and all other hours 90 o F Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 75 o F 90 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 73 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 75 o F ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 53

55 Corridors Kitchen All Days All Hours 75 o F All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 90 o F 5 a.m p.m. 80 o F 11 p.m. - Midnight 90 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours Summer All Hours no cooling 85 o F Air Handling Unit (AHU) Fan Schedule Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. AHU fans off* 5 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* Administration All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. All Other AHUs All Days All Hours AHU fans off* 6 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* AHU fan on Ventilation & Exhaust Air The following table summarizes the ventilation and exhaust air requirements as set forth in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities (prepared by The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health with assistance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and in the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 ( January 2007). ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 54

56 Area Designation Air Movement Relationship to Adjacent Area Minimum Air Changes per Hour of Outdoor Air Supplied to Room Minimum Total Changes per Hour Supplied to Room All Air Exhausted Directly to Outdoors Patient Rooms Intensive Care Units Isolation Rooms In 2 12 Yes Isolation Anteroom In/Out - 10 Yes Nurseries Operating/Surgical Cytoscopic Rooms Examination & Treatment Rooms Out Recovery Room Critical & Intensive Care Trauma Room Out Triage In 2 12 Yes ER Waiting Room In 2 12 Yes Pharmacy Out - 4 ETO-Sterilizer Room In - 10 Yes Ventilation air schedule All Days All Hours Exhaust fans Efficiency Static pressure drop Schedule No less than minimum design ventilation air 65% (combined: fan and motor) 2" H 2O follows AHU fan schedule Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 55

57 Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by constant volume boxes. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 66, 337; Total fan electrical power = 73.6 KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 685; Total fan electrical power =32.56 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 75, 01; Total fan electrical power = 8.70 KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby Trauma Triage Sterile Operating 17, Surgery(2 nd Floor) 17, Surgery(3rd Floor) 14, Imaging 9, First Floor 5, AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m 2% 6 a.m. 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. 7 p.m. 100% 7 p.m. 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 56

58 Operating parameters: Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows: October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 o F May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 o F Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basement (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is gal/hr from 7 a.m p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 o F ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 57

59 F. UTILITY RATES Electricity The electricity rate is based on billing information provided in the Minnesota Electric Rate Book MPUC No. 2, Docket No. E002/GR , effective It is assumed that Rate Code A14 for General Service (over 100 kw) applies to the project. The rate after applicable adjustments is as follows: Electricity Oct-May Jun-Sep Monthly Customer Charge $ Charge per kw (Demand) $ 6.61 $ 9.26 Charge per kwh $ $ Natural Gas The natural gas rate is based on billing information provided in the Minnesota Gas Rate Book MPUC No. 2, Docket No. E002/GR , effective It is assumed that Rate Code 118 & 125 for Commercial Firm Service (over 6,000 Therms) applies to the project. The rate after applicable adjustments is as follows: Natural Gas Oct-May Jun-Sep Monthly Customer Charge $ Charge per Therm $ $ ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 58

60 G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHMN: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G for Minneapolis, MN. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G (Minneapolis) case: Lighting Base Case As per GGHC Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard (Minneapolis) Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 1.20 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 1.50 Storage 0.90 Imaging 0.40 Trauma 2.20 Surgery 2.20 Central Sterile 1.50 Lobby 1.30 Corridors 1.00 Coffee shop 0.90 Administrative Offices 1.10 Physical Therapy 0.90 Nurses Workstations 1.00 Patient Rooms 0.70 Visitor lounge 0.8 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.7 Pediatric Playroom 0.8 On-call Rooms 0.7 Core Storage Spaces 0.9 Nursery 0.6 Storage Areas 0.9 Overall 1.09 ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% is lower than IESNA/ASHRAE Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft 2 ). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 59

61 Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms (Rms.). The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: 15% during the day, Storage: 60% during the day and 30% at night, and Mech. Rms.: 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boiler system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kw/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kw/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kw/ton 75% 0.44 kw/ton 50% 0.37 kw/ton 25% 0.38 kw/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards. ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 60

62 DOE-2.1E SUMMARY OUTPUT TABLES ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 61

63 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 62

64 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 63

65 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 90 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 64

66 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 180 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 65

67 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 270 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 66

68 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 67

69 APPENDIX 3 Report on modeling of hospital in Houston, Texas ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 68

70 ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR TREATMENT HOSPITALS TO OBTAIN ENERGY SAVINGS VS. THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2 Part 3: HOUSTON, TEXAS FINAL REPORT Submitted to: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 17 Columbia Circle Albany, NY Attn.: Craig Kneeland, Senior Project Manager phone: x 3311 fax: cek@nyserda.org Submitted by: Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC. 50 Washington Street Norwalk, CT Adrian Tuluca, Principal phone: ext. 238 fax: atuluca@viridianee.com 60 W. 39 th Street, Suite 3W New York, NY June 21, 2007 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 69

71 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in Houston, Texas based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals: Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) version 2.2; Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G; and Χ Create a prescriptive package of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) that saves at least 14% in annual energy use compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case. Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC (VEE) used an extended UNIX version of the computer software DOE-2.1E to model a 225,000 ft 2 hospital designed in The following table summarizes the energy use for the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case, the Design Case per GGHC V-2.2, and the EEM package that saves 17.0% in annual energy cost compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G Case: List of Alternates Annual Electric Use Annual Electric Demand Annual Gas Use Annual Energy Use Annual Energy Savings Annual Energy Cost Annual Savings kwh kw CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft 2 ASHRAE Appendix G 7,344,882 1, ,966 41, , BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 7,233,122 1, ,182 42, % 970,463 (802) -0.1% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 6,106,060 1, ,229 34, % 804, , % 0.98 The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE High Performance Windows and Glazing (U window = 0.40; SHGC cog = 0.38) Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE Appendix G Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kw/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kw/ton IPLV) Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps Avg. LPD ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 70

72 A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for Houston, TX. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1 st & 3 rd floors: 16'-0" 2 nd,4 th, 5 th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6 th floor: 14'-0" 7 th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: Core Spaces: 8'-6" 8'-0" ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 71

73 B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE Standard for Houston): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff Χ U fenestration 1.22 Exterior wall precast concrete panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Houston): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ 2-1/2" continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation (R-10) Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Exterior wall metal panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Houston): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/2" mineral fiber insulation between steel 16 o.c. (R-6.5) Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction (U-factor based on ASHRAE Standard for Houston): Χ Gravel Χ 4" Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 72

74 Χ Steel deck Χ Ufactor = (includes air films) Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1 st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2 nd through 7 th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 73

75 C. BUILDING OCCUPANCY PATTERNS The total staff and visitor occupancy are based on the information contained in the Vertical Transportation Design Guidelines, prepared by John A. VanDeusen Associates, February 27, 1998 revision. The Occupancy Schedules were input as follows: Basement: Pharmacy (5 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Mechanical/Electrical Rooms (3 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Imaging (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Floors 1 through 3: Trauma / Emergency Operating (200 ft 2 per person) Emergency Corridor (100 ft 2 per person) Emergency Waiting Lounge (50 ft 2 per person) ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 74

76 General Lobby (10 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Coffee shop (15 people) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% First floor administrative offices (5 people) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen (18 people) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. 100% 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 90% 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. 90% 7:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Surgery (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% Central Sterile (200 ft 2 per person) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 75

77 Floors 4 through 7: Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Sunday/Holiday All hours 0% Corridor & Storage Areas All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Nurses Workstations & Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 80% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m % 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 100% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m % 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m % 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 80% Offices on patient floors Patients Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, Nursery and Pediatric Patient Rooms, includes visitors All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 100% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 125% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 100% Visitor lounges Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 0% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 76

78 On-call Rooms All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 77

79 D. LIGHTING AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT LOADS The Lighting Power Density for the design case is based on the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.1. The following table shows the Lighting Power Density used in various spaces: Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Basement Linen Collection & General Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 First Floor Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 The lighting use schedules are as given below. General Lighting Schedules: Pharmacy Mechanical/Electrical Rooms Basement Linen Collection & General Storage Imaging Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Weekends/Holiday All hours 25% Trauma / Emergency Operating ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 78

80 Emergency Corridor Emergency Waiting Lounge Lobby, Corridors Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 79

81 Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 80

82 Storage Areas All days All hours 50% Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kw, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Coffee Shop (2.1 kw) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kw) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 81

83 Central Sterile (1W/ft² receptacle + 5 W/ft² process + 7 W/ft² steam ) Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy (0.4 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Sunday, Holiday All hours 10% Nurse s workstations & Offices on patient floors (1.5 w/ft²) Patient rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 75% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Visitor s lounge(0.3 w/ft²) Pediatric Patient Rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m.- Midnight 15% Pediatric Playroom (0.3 w/ft²) On-call Rooms(0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces (0.1 w/ft²) Nursery (0.2 w/ft²) Patient Special Care Units (0.8 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Offices on Patient Floors (1.5 w/ft²) ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 82

84 E. HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING SCHEDULES Heating and Cooling Seasons Heating and cooling available all year around. Winter season is from September 16 thru May 15 and summer season is from May 16 thru September 15. Heating Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 72 o F Summer All Hours 70 o F (reheat an overcooled space to this temperature) Surgery Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 70 o F 60 o F 72 o F 60 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 70 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 72 o F Corridors All Days All Hours 72 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours 55 o F Summer All Hours 35 o F (no reheat) Cooling Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations All Days Winter All Hours 76 o F Summer All Hours 75 o F Surgery Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM 73 o F Weekends and all other hours 90 o F Imaging Weekdays 5 AM 5 PM Weekends and all other hours 75 o F 90 o F Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 73 o F AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 75 o F ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 83

85 Corridors Kitchen All Days All Hours 75 o F All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 90 o F 5 a.m p.m. 80 o F 11 p.m. - Midnight 90 o F Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All Days Winter All Hours Summer All Hours no cooling 85 o F Air Handling Unit (AHU) Fan Schedule Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. AHU fans off* 5 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* Administration All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. All Other AHUs All Days All Hours AHU fans off* 6 a.m p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* AHU fan on Ventilation & Exhaust Air The following table summarizes the ventilation and exhaust air requirements as set forth in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities (prepared by The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health with assistance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and in the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 ( January 2007). ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 84

86 Area Designation Air Movement Relationship to Adjacent Area Minimum Air Changes per Hour of Outdoor Air Supplied to Room Minimum Total Changes per Hour Supplied to Room All Air Exhausted Directly to Outdoors Patient Rooms Intensive Care Units Isolation Rooms In 2 12 Yes Isolation Anteroom In/Out - 10 Yes Nurseries Operating/Surgical Cytoscopic Rooms Examination & Treatment Rooms Out Recovery Room Critical & Intensive Care Trauma Room Out Triage In 2 12 Yes ER Waiting Room In 2 12 Yes Pharmacy Out - 4 ETO-Sterilizer Room In - 10 Yes Ventilation air schedule All Days All Hours Exhaust fans Efficiency Static pressure drop Schedule No less than minimum design ventilation air 65% (combined: fan and motor) 2" H 2O follows AHU fan schedule Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 85

87 Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 65, 548; Total fan electrical power = KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air.. Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 264; Total fan electrical power =30.68 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 7, 511; Total fan electrical power = 8.73 KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby Trauma Triage Sterile Operating 17, Surgery(2 nd Floor) 17, Surgery(3rd Floor) 14, Imaging 9, First Floor 5, AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 2% 6 a.m. 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. 7 p.m. 100% 7 p.m. 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2% Operating parameters: ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 86

88 Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows: October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 o F May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 o F Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basemen (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 o F Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is gal/hr from 7 a.m p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 o F ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 87

89 F. UTILITY RATES Electricity The electricity rate is based on information provided by Reliant Energy Retail Services Miscellaneous General Service PTB-MSG. The energy cost includes an additional 8.25% sales tax. The rate is as follows: Electricity May-Oct Nov-Apr Monthly Customer Charge $ Charge per kw (Demand) $ $ Charge per kwh (First 125 kwh per kw of Billing KW) Charge per kwh (Next 170 kwh per kw of Billing KW) Charge per kwh (All Additional kwh) $ $ $ $ $ $ Fuel Rider PTB-FC Rider PTB-FC Rider PTB-FC: Electricity Jun-Sep Oct-May Charge per kwh $ $ Natural Gas The natural gas rate is based on billing information provided by CenterPoint Energy, Houston, TX It is Large Commercial Rate. The energy cost includes an additional 8.25% sales tax. The rate is as follows: Natural Gas Monthly Customer Charge $ Charge per First 1500 CCF $ Charge per next 8500 CCF $ Charge over 10,000CCF $ ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 88

90 G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHNY: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G for Houston, TX. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Appendix G (Houston) case: Lighting Base Case As per GGHC Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard (Houston) Space Type LPD (W/ft 2 ) Pharmacy 1.20 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 1.50 Storage 0.90 Imaging 0.40 Trauma 2.20 Surgery 2.20 Central Sterile 1.50 Lobby 1.30 Corridors 1.00 Coffee shop 0.90 Administrative Offices 1.10 Physical Therapy 0.90 Nurses Workstations 1.00 Patient Rooms 0.70 Visitor lounge 0.80 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.70 Pediatric Playroom 0.80 On-call Rooms 0.70 Core Storage Spaces 0.90 Nursery 0.60 Storage Areas 0.90 Overall 1.09 ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% is lower than IESNA/ASHRAE Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft 2 ). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 89

91 Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms. The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: 15% during the day, Storage: 60% during the day and 30% at night, and Mech. Rms. 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boiler system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kw/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kw/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kw/ton 75% 0.44 kw/ton 50% 0.37 kw/ton 25% 0.38 kw/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards. ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 90

92 DOE-2.1E SUMMARY OUTPUT TABLES ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 91

93 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 92

94 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 93

95 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 90 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 94

96 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 180 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 95

97 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE Appendix G AZ = 270 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 96

98 SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ELECTRICITY (KWH) NATURAL GAS (CCF) REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 97

99 APPENDIX 4 Sensitivity Analysis Report ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 98

100 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 99

101 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 100

102 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 101

103 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 102