NEW ENGLAND TRANSPORTATION CONSORTIUM RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT DUE to By January 15, 2018

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1 NEW ENGLAND TRANSPORTATION CONSORTIUM RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT DUE to By January 15, 2018 I. PROBLEM TITLE Development of MASH Computer Simulated Steel Bridge Rail and Transition Details II. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT AASHTO and FHWA have entered a joint implementation agreement to adopt the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) criteria for use of roadside safety devices. Per the agreement on December 31, 2019 the DOT s will specify bridge rail that meets MASH on the National Highway System. Some, if not all, of the New England state DOT s are specifying steel bridge rail that was tested and evaluated by the New England Transportation Consortium under the current NCHRP 350 protocol. This non-proprietary New England steel bridge rail includes details for 2-bar, 3-bar, 4-bar and transitions to guardrail. Steel bridge rail is often used as an alternative to concrete barrier type rail depending on the location and site specific requirements of the bridge. Although there are some NCHRP and pooled fund initiatives to evaluate bridge rail under the MASH criteria it is unknown if these initiatives will include this particular rail. The NCHRP 20-07/Task 395 has concluded it does not meet MASH criteria, based on an initial review of the NETC rail details. This is no surprise and it is logical to conclude that at a minimum some detail adjustments with computer simulations are needed. With the deadline for bridge rail MASH only two years away, the New England state DOT s need our steel bridge rail and transitions evaluated. III. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objective of this project is to develop details for MASH compliance using computer simulations of the New England steel bridge rail configurations including transitions. Tasks will likely include: Review other steel bridge rail details that have MASH compliance. Review other steel bridge rail being evaluated for MASH compliance. Adjust the current NETC steel bridge rail details based on above and in coordination with the technical panel. Run computer simulations for the NETC bridge rail, adjust details if needed. The final details will meet MASH criteria based on computer simulations. The technical panel will make recommendations for crash testing. It is our understanding that FHWA eligibility letters will not be issued based on simulations only. However the state DOT s can exercise the option to use MASH bridge rail based on simulations only and still have federal funding participation. It is possible that no crash testing will be required. N18ME1_DRAFT V1 research_problem_statement_format_2018_mash bridge rail.docx- updated of 4

2 IV. ESTIMATE OF FUNDING NEEDED $200,000 V. RESEARCH PERIOD 12 months VI. URGENCY AND PAYOFF POTENTIAL The deadline for MASH steel bridge rail and transitions adoption is December 31, The initial step to develop acceptable details is computer simulations. VII. PRELIMINARY LITERATURE SEARCH To avoid duplicating research already published or in progress, the submitter of the Problem Statement will perform a quick literature search prior to submitting the Problem Statement and attach a summary of the results of the literature search to the Problem Statement. This literature search can be conducted by accessing the Transportation Research Board's 'TRID database available at The TRID database contains information on completed research as well as research in progress. Source of preliminary literature search (check as appropriate): TRID RIP Other (describe): NCHRP 20-07/Task 395 MASH Equivalency of NCHRP 350-Approved Bridge Railings The objectives of this research project are to: (1) prioritize bridge railings including concrete barrier, (2) determine MASH equivalent test levels, and (3) determine whether individual types of bridge railing could be submitted to FHWA for determination of Federal-aid reimbursement eligibility or whether retesting is needed. NCHRP Bridge Rail Testing Program to Confirm MASH Compliance The objectives of this research are to: (1) determine the remaining bridge railing systems to be reviewed and crash tested based on outcome of current NCHRP Project 20-07, Task 395, and literature search of any other state systems; (2) conduct LSDYNA Finite Element Analysis computer simulation as per NCHRP Web-Only Document 179, and crash testing of remaining state systems; (3) provide recommendations on these systems and request FHWA eligibility letters for MASH conformance as needed; (4) provide information to AASHTO TCRS, AASHTO SCOBS T-7, and state DOTs for their use; and (5) review/update existing FHWA Memorandum Information - Bridge Rail Analysis (dated May 16, 2000). Roadside Safety Research for MASH Implementation Transportation Pooled Fund led by Washington State DOT N18ME1_DRAFT V1 research_problem_statement_format_2018_mash bridge rail.docx- updated of 4

3 The objective of the Roadside Safety Pooled Fund Program is to provide a cooperative approach to conducting research on roadside safety hardware. Emphasis will be placed on assisting State DOTs with their implementation of MASH and addressing other roadside safety needs of common interest. Another objective of this pooled fund research to provide each participating state an opportunity to send a representative to an annual meeting to collaborate with other state DOT safety engineers to assess best practices, new regulatory issues, risk management strategies, and other matters pertaining to roadside safety. Participation in this meeting is funded through the state s annual program contribution. VIII. KEY WORDS TO BE USED FOR ADDITIONAL LITERATURE SEARCH Provide the key words that can be used to conduct a search of the Transportation Research Board's electronic database (TRID) for completed, related research. To the maximum extent possible key words should be selected from the National Transportation Library s Transportation Research Thesaurus. The Thesaurus can be found at MASH, steel bridge rail TWO DOT ENDORSEMENTS ARE REQUIRED IX. ENDORSEMENT BY THE SPONSORING DOT (To be signed by the DOT representative to the NETC Advisory Committee through whom the Problem Statement is submitted). By signing the endorsement, the DOT representative is certifying that: 1. The Problem Statement follows the required format 2. The required literature search has been conducted 3. The Problem Statement addresses a transportation issue of relevance to NETC and does not duplicate another Problem Statement being submitted at this time. Dale Peabody MaineDOT 1/12/18_ (Name) (DOT) (Date) X. ENDORSEMENT BY A DOT SPONSOR TO LEAD THE TAC (To be signed by a DOT lead with technical knowledge and commitment to the research outcome). DOT Technical Endorsement: I agree to chair the NETC Technical Committee if this problem statement is selected. Jeff Folsom MaineDOT 1/12/18 (Name) (DOT) (Date) N18ME1_DRAFT V1 research_problem_statement_format_2018_mash bridge rail.docx- updated of 4

4 NOTE: To expedite the processing of Research Problem Statements, NETC requires submittal by by January 15, N18ME1_DRAFT V1 research_problem_statement_format_2018_mash bridge rail.docx- updated of 4

5 NETC LITERATURE SEARCH RPS #: N18ME1 RPS Title: Development of MASH Computer Simulated Steel Bridge Rail and Transition Details Summary of Relevance of Literature Search Retrievals to the Problem Statement: Number of Relevant TRID Transport Retrievals: [High 5, Medium 3] Number of Relevant Internet Retrievals: [High 0, Medium 0] Total Number of Relevant Retrievals: [High 5, Medium 3] Search Terms Provided by RPS: MASH, steel bridge rail Additional Search Terms used by Coordinator: transitions, transition details, computer simulations TRID RETRIVALS with HIGH RELEVANCE: Title: Roadside Safety Research for MASH Implementation Author(s): N/A Abstract: The objective of the Roadside Safety Pooled Fund Program is to provide a cooperative approach to conducting research on roadside safety hardware. Emphasis will be placed on assisting State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) with their implementation of Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) and addressing other roadside safety needs of common interest. Another objective of this pooled fund research to provide each participating state an opportunity to send a representative to an annual meeting to collaborate with other state DOT safety engineers to assess best practices, new regulatory issues, risk management strategies, and other matters pertaining to roadside safety. Participation in this meeting is funded through the state's annual program contribution. Record Type: Project Record URL: Language: English Contract Numbers: TPF-5(343) Status: Programmed Funding Amount: Sponsor Organizations: Florida Department of Transportation Research Center 605 Suwannee Street MS-30 Tallahassee, FL United States Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Keystone Building 400 North Street Harrisburg, PA United States Minnesota Department of Transportation 395 John Ireland Boulevard

6 St Paul, MN United States Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development P.O. Box Capitol Access Road Baton Rouge, LA United States Tennessee Department of Transportation James K. Polk Building Fifth and Deaderick Street Nashville, TN United States West Virginia Department of Transportation Division of Highways, Capitol Complex, Building 5 Charleston, WV United States Wisconsin Department of Transportation 4802 Sheboygan Avenue Madison, WI United States Texas Department of Transportation 125 E. 11th Street Austin, TX United States Oregon Department of Transportation th Street NE Salem, OR United States Illinois Department of Transportation 2300 S. Dirksen Parkway Springfield, IL United States Idaho Department of Transportation P.O. Box W. State Street Boise, ID United States Connecticut Department of Transportation 2800 Berlin Turnpike Newington, CT United States California Department of Transportation 1227 O Street Sacramento, CA United States Massachusetts Department of Transportation 10 Park Plaza Boston, MA United States Washington State Department of Transportation Transportation Building Olympia, WA United States Michigan Department of Transportation Van Wagoner Building 425 W. Ottawa Street Lansing, MI United States

7 Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities 2301 Peger Road Fairbanks, AK United States Oklahoma Department of Transportation 200 NE 21st Street Oklahoma City, OK United States New York State Department of Transportation 50 Wolf Road Albany, NY United States Colorado Department of Transportation 4201 East Arkansas Avenue Denver, CO United States Delaware Department of Transportation 800 S. Bay Road P.O. Box 778 Dover, DE United States Project Managers: Painter, Fheejay Notice Date: -- Start Date: Expected Completion Date: -- Actual Completion Date: -- Source Data: RiP Project Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors Keywords: AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware; Best practices; Cooperation; Highway safety; Implementation; Manuals; Risk management; Roadside hazards; State departments of transportation Accession Number: Source Agency: Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC United States Files: RiP; USDOT Created Date: 3/22/2016 1:00 AM Title: Evaluation of Bridge Rail Systems to Confirm AASHTO MASH Compliance Author(s): N/A Abstract: The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) is the latest in a series of documents that provides guidance on testing and evaluation of roadside safety features. This document, initially published in 2009 and updated in 2016, represents a comprehensive update to crash test and evaluation procedures to reflect changes in the vehicle fleet, operating conditions, and roadside safety knowledge and technology. It superseded NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures

8 for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The AASHTO Technical Committee on Roadside Safety (TCRS) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) have adopted a new MASH implementation plan that has compliance dates for installing MASH hardware that differ by hardware category. After December 31, 2019, all new installations of bridge rails on the NHS must have been successfully evaluated according to the 2016 edition of MASH. Similar to NCHRP Report 350, MASH defines six test levels for longitudinal barriers. With respect to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, each test level places an increasing level of demand on the structural capacity of a barrier system. There is a need to evaluate the most common non-proprietary bridge rail systems used throughout the states to determine the level of evaluation required to demonstrate MASH compliance. The objective of this research is to update the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide for bridge rail geometric design for AASHTO MASH. At a minimum, the research should include crash simulation and crash testing of the bridge railing systems that were found not satisfactory for the MASH equivalent test levels as documented in the NCHRP 20-07/ Task 395, "MASH Equivalency of NCHRP 350-Approved Bridge Railings". Accomplishment of the project objective will require at least the following tasks. Task descriptions are intended to provide a framework for conducting the research. The NCHRP is seeking the insights of proposers on how best to achieve the research objective. Proposers are expected to describe research plans that can realistically be accomplished within the constraints of available funds and contract time. Proposals must present the proposers' current thinking in sufficient detail to demonstrate their understanding of the issues and the soundness of their approach to meeting the research objective. PHASE I Planning: Task 1. Review the report prepared under NCHRP Project 20-07/Task 395 (see Special Note A). Task 2. Propose analytical and testing programs, to be executed in Phases II and III, to achieve the project objective. The analytical program should be designed using LSDYNA Finite Element Analysis (FEA) computer simulation. The testing program may include full scale crash testing and component testing. Task 3. Prepare Interim Report No. 1 that documents the results of Tasks 1 and 2 and provides an updated work plan for the remainder of the project. This report is due no later than 3 months after the contract award. The updated plan must describe the process and rationale for the work proposed for Phases II through IV. PHASE II Analytical Program: Task 4. Execute the analytical program according to the approved Interim Report No.1. Task 5. Finalize the testing program work plan including a matrix of railing systems to be tested. Describe how the testing results will be utilized to achieve the research objective. Task 6. Identify areas of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide that will be modified. Task 7. Prepare Interim Report No. 2 that documents the results of Tasks 4 through 6 and provides an updated work plan for the remainder of the project. This report is due no later than 12 months after approval of Phase I. The updated plan must describe the work proposed for Phases III and IV. PHASE III Testing Program: Task 8. Execute the testing program according to the approved Interim Report No.2. Task 9. Validate the analytical program based on the testing results and update accordingly. Task 10. Prepare Interim Report No. 3 that documents the results of Tasks 8 and 9 no later than 12 months after approval of Phase II. PHASE IV Final Products: Task 11. Develop the draft proposed AASHTO modifications based on the research results including barrier hardware system template similar to the AASHTO Guide to Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware according to the approved Interim Report No.3. The draft proposed AASHTO

9 modifications are due no later than 3 months after approval of Phase III. Task 12. Prepare final deliverables including: (1) the proposed AASHTO modifications that reflect consideration of the panel s review comments, (2) a final report that documents the entire research effort, and (3) a stand-alone technical memorandum titled Implementation of Research Findings and Products. Record Type: Project Record URL: Supplemental Notes: Contract to a Performing Organization has not yet been awarded. Language: English Contract Numbers: Project Status: Proposed Funding Amount: Sponsor Organizations: National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 444 North Capitol Street, NW Washington, DC United States Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC United States Project Managers: Dekelbab, Waseem bd Systems, Inc., subsidiary of SAIC (202) mohamad.dekelbab@fhwa.dot.gov Notice Date: -- Start Date: Expected Completion Date: -- Actual Completion Date: -- Source Data: RiP Project Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Highways; Safety and Human Factors Keywords: AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware; Bridge railings; Compliance; Finite element method; Highway safety; Impact tests Accession Number: Source Agency: Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States Files: TRB; RiP Created Date: 5/19/2017 1:00 AM

10 Title: Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 395. MASH Equivalency of NCHRP 350-Approved Bridge Railings Author(s): N/A Abstract: The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) will soon be publishing an updated edition of the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), the document defining criteria for crash testing hardware. Along with this, FHWA and AASHTO are developing a revised joint implementation agreement which will establish dates for discontinuing the use of safety hardware that has met earlier crash testing criteria for new installations and full replacements on the National Highway System. There are many types of non-proprietary bridge rails in use throughout the states and research is needed to determine which rails need to be retested to MASH criteria and which, if any, can be "grandfathered" based on evaluation under previous criteria. In 1997, FHWA provided a list of 74 bridge rails and their equivalent NCHRP 350 test level, based on the earlier NCHRP Report 230 test levels and AASHTO Bridge Specifications performance levels ( s/docs/appendixb5.pdf). In 2000, FHWA provided guidance that allows for demonstrating that variations of a bridge rail design would not have to be crash tested if the basic geometry of a bridge rail has not been changed and the structural design of the rail is comparable to the rail that has been tested ( s/docs/bridgerail_analysis_may16.pdf). With the pending approval and publication of an update to MASH and proposed joint AASHTO/FHWA implementation agreement, there is a need to review these resources, determine whether the concept is still appropriate, and also modify as needed to account for MASH (in other words, determine equivalent MASH test levels for bridge railings and which rail needs to be retested). The objectives of this research project were to: (1) prioritize bridge railings including concrete barrier, (2) determine MASH equivalent test levels, and (3) determine whether individual types of bridge railing could be submitted to FHWA for determination of Federal-aid reimbursement eligibility or whether retesting is needed. The final report prepared under NCHRP Project 20-07/Task 395 is available online at: Record Type: Project Record URL: Language: English Contract Numbers: Project 20-07, Task 395 Status: Completed Funding Amount: Sponsor Organizations: National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 444 North Capitol Street, NW Washington, DC United States

11 Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC United States Project Managers: Dekelbab, Waseem bd Systems, Inc., subsidiary of SAIC (202) Performing Organizations: Texas A&M Transportation Institute Texas A&M University System 3135 TAMU College Station, TX United States Principal Investigators: Bligh, Roger P Notice Date: -- Start Date: Expected Completion Date: -- Actual Completion Date: Source Data: RiP Project Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Highways; Safety and Human Factors Keywords: AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware; Bridge railings; Impact tests; Manuals; U.S. Federal Highway Administration Accession Number: Source Agency: Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States Files: TRB; RiP Created Date: 5/11/2016 1:00 AM Title: Crashworthiness analysis of a bridge rail-to-guardrail transition Author(s): Atahan, Ali Osman Abstract: In this study, a bridge rail-to-guardrail transition is analyzed to fully evaluate its crashworthiness. A non-linear, large-deformation finite-element simulation programmer LS- DYNA is used for the analysis. Previous studies have predicted that the transition was able to successfully contain and redirect a 2000 kg pickup truck under National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 test level 3 conditions. In this study, the transition was subjected to an 8000 kg single-unit truck impact according to NCHRP Report 350 test level 4 conditions. Both the model of the 8000 kg truck and the transition structure used in this study were acquired from previous successful studies. Results of the simulation study showed that the transition structure was found to be adequate in containing and redirecting an 8000 kg truck. It was also determined that the post-impact trajectory of the truck, occupant risk values, article deflections and exit conditions were very similar to those obtained from a similar transition structure previously crash-tested under test level 4 conditions. It was concluded that

12 the finite-element model of the vertical flared-back bridge rail-to-guardrail transition is fairly accurate and can be used in further studies, such as the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) test level 4 crash simulation with confidence. Record Type: Publication Record URL: Supplemental Notes: Abstract reprinted with permission of Taylor & Francis. Serial: International Journal of Crashworthiness Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISSN: URL: Volume: 21 Issue: 5 Pagination: pp Publication Date: Language: English Media Type: Web Features: Figures; References Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Design; Highways; Safety and Human Factors Keywords: Bridge railings; Crashworthiness; Evaluation; Finite element method; Guardrail transition sections; Guardrails; Impact tests; LS-DYNA (Computer program); Simulation; Vehicle trajectories Accession Number: Availability: Find a library where document is available Order URL: Files: TRIS Created Date: 9/13/2016 3:01 PM Title: MASH TL-3 Testing and Evaluation of a Steel Bridge Rail with Pickets Author(s): Williams, William F.; Bligh, Roger P.; Menges, Wanda L. Abstract: Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has a need for a steel bridge rail that anchors to a concrete curb with an aesthetic appearance using steel pickets. Bridge railings that use pickets (concrete and steel) have exhibited undesirable safety performance characteristics. The purpose of this portion of the project was to design and evaluate a steel bridge rail with pickets that would meet the strength and safety performance criteria for Test Level 3 (TL-3) of MASH. The bridge rail tested for this project was similar to the Wyoming 2- tube bridge rail that was successfully crash tested under NCHRP Report 350 criteria (Texas Transportation Institute Project No , dated May 1996). Details from the Wyoming 2- Tube design were incorporated and used in the design of the new TxDOT Picket Rail. The TxDOT Picket Rail evaluated and presented herein met all the safety performance criteria for MASH TL- 3 and is suitable for implementation on new bridge construction. Record Type: Publication Record URL: /common/images/covers/large/ png; Edition: Test Report

13 Corporate Authors: Texas Department of Transportation Research and Technology Implementation Office, P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX United States Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC United States Texas A&M Transportation Institute Texas A&M University System 3135 TAMU College Station, TX United States Pagination: 120p Publication Date: Language: English Media Type: Web Period Covered: 9/2011-8/2012 Features: Appendices; Figures; Photos; References; Tables Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Design; Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I24: Design of Bridges and Retaining Walls; I85: Safety Devices used in Transport Infrastructure Keywords: Bridge design; Bridge railings; Curbs; Evaluation; Pickets; Texas Accession Number: Report/Paper Numbers: FHWA/TX-12/ ; Test Report No Availability: National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road Alexandria, VA United States Order Number: PB Files: NTL; TRIS; USDOT; STATEDOT Created Date: 11/27/ :09 AM TRID RETRIVALS with MEDIUM RELEVANCE: Title: Develop Guardrail to Rigid Barrier Transition Attached to Bridge or Culvert Structure Author(s): N/A Abstract: A secondary roadway often intersects a primary roadway near a bridge end. When this occurs, the intersecting roadway or driveway is often too close to the bridge end to allow for proper transition from flexible rail to rigid rail and still terminate the run of metal beam guard fence. The minimum system required to protect a rigid bridge end on a high speed roadway would be a Test Level 3 (TL-3) transition and a TL-3 metal beam guard fence end treatment. The current high speed transition is approximately nineteen (19) feet long and the approximate length of metal beam guard fence end treatment is fifty (50) feet long, for a total of sixty-nine (69) feet in length. In situations where it was appropriate, if there was a transition from flexible rail to rigid rail that attached to the culvert or bridge deck, the rigid rail would end

14 on the bridge before the end of the bridge, and start the transition on the culvert or bridge deck. This would allow TxDOT to reduce the required distance between the end of the bridge and the intersecting roadway or driveway to a maximum length of fifty (50) feet. This is inclusive of many of the situations that TxDOT faces. Many of these situations end up compromising safety of the drivers in one way or the other because it forces the designer to choose between protecting the drivers from steep slopes or drop-offs, or protecting them from the blunt end of the bridge rail. The research results consists of the following: (1) Allow the designer an option that often protects both the steep slopes and the blunt end. (2) Expand the uses of the one-of-a-kind radius rail that TxDOT has developed. The expanded use of the radius rail system has the potential to save lives as well. (3) Offer options to a problem that will provide better safety to the traveling public and reduce costs associated with creating a detail to handle this issue on a case-by-case basis when it arises. The purpose of this project will be developing and testing the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) TL-3 transition that can be anchored to the top of a concrete deck or culvert. Record Type: Project Record URL: WIyODctYzljMzQ3ZmVmOWFl&rID=NjAw&sID=MQ==&qrs=VHJ1ZQ==&q=KHJwLmNhdGRhdGU 9WzIwMTcxMDE4MDAwMDAwIFRPIDIwMTcxMDE5MDAwMDAwXSk=&qcf=M2UxNzg5YmEtYz MyZS00ZjBlLWIyODctYzljMzQ3ZmVmOWFl&rrtc=VHJ1ZQ== Language: English Contract Numbers: Status: Active Funding Amount: $ Sponsor Organizations: Texas Department of Transportation 125 E. 11th Street Austin, TX United States Project Managers: Adams, Joe (512) joe.adams@txdot.gov Performing Organizations: Texas Transportation Institute Texas A&M University System 3135 TAMU College Station, TX United States Principal Investigators: Williams, William F Texas Transportation Institute w-williams@tamu.edu Notice Date: -- Start Date:

15 Expected Completion Date: Actual Completion Date: -- Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors Keywords: Bridges and culverts; Guardrail terminals; Guardrails; Safety engineering Accession Number: Source Agency: Texas Department of Transportation 125 E. 11th Street Austin, TX United States Files: RiP; STATEDOT Created Date: 10/20/ :27 AM Title: Analysis of the Sensitivity of Bridge Rail Face Slope on Crashworthiness Performance Author(s): Marzougui, Dhafer; Tahan, Fadi; Opiela, Kenneth S; Kan, Cing-Dao (Steve); Arispe, Eduardo Abstract: Bridge rails are a type of longitudinal barrier that serves the important purpose of keeping vehicles on the bridge structure. Many different designs have evolved for bridge rails, including some based upon the cross-sections used for rigid concrete safety shapes. These designs need to conform to the crashworthiness requirements of NCHRP Report 350 or MASH to be acceptable for use on U.S. highways. This analysis investigates the influence on crashworthiness for variations in bridge rail slope when construction processes cause deviations from design parameters. Crash simulation was utilized to assess the dynamic impact performance for a specific case. The simulations were conducted using trusted vehicle and barrier finite element models from the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) models array. The model was validated against data from full-scale crash tests and judged to provide good representations of vehicle impacts into bridge rails. The barrier model was modified to reflect variations in the face slope of the bridge rail (including the design slope and as-built condition). Crash simulations were undertaken to replicate NCHRP and MASH tests 4-11 and 4-12 to evaluate the differences in performance. The results were compared both visually and statistically under both NCHRP 350 and MASH criteria and the results suggest that there is little effect on the crashworthiness of the bridge rail for the ranges of face slopes analyzed. Record Type: Publication Record URL: Supplemental Notes: This paper was sponsored by TRB committee AFB20 Roadside Safety Design. Monograph Title: TRB 94th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers Corporate Authors: Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States Pagination: 19p Conference: Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting Location: Washington DC, United States Date: to Publication Date:

16 Language: English Media Type: Digital/other Features: Figures; Photos; References; Tables Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I85: Safety Devices used in Transport Infrastructure Keywords: Bridge railings; Bridges; Crashworthiness; Impact tests; Simulation Accession Number: Report/Paper Numbers: Availability: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC United States Files: TRIS; TRB; ATRI Created Date: 12/30/2014 1:57 PM Title: Crash Testing and Evaluation of a Steel Bridge Rail with Pickets Author(s): Williams, William F.; Bligh, Roger P.; Menges, Wanda L. Abstract. Roadside safety devices serve to protect motorists from roadside hazards and these devices must be designed to accommodate various site conditions, placement locations, and changing vehicle fleets. This project identifies road safety issues to be investigated by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Specifically, the report focuses on the design and evaluation of a steel bridge rail with pickets that meets the Test Level 3 of the Manual of Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) criteria on strength and safety performance. Two crash tests were performed to assess the performance of the TxDOT Picket Rail, one with a 2425 lb vehicle and one with a 5000 lb pickup truck. The tests evaluated structural adequacy, occupant risk, and post impact vehicle trajectory. Record Type: Publication Serial: Accident Reconstruction Journal Publisher: National Association of Professional Accident Reconstruction Specialists ISSN: OCLC: Volume: 23 Issue: 5 Pagination: pp Publication Date: Language: English Media Type: Print Features: Figures; Photos; References Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I82: Accidents and Transport Infrastructure Keywords: AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware; Bridge railings; Crash investigation; Highway safety; Impact tests; Roadside hazards; Steel bridges; Structural design; Texas Department of Transportation Accession Number:

17 Availability: Find a library where document is available Order URL: Files: TRIS Created Date: 11/2/2013 3:20 PM INTERNET RETRIVALS with HIGH RELEVANCE: None. INTERNET RETRIVALS with MEDIUM RELEVANCE: None.