System Resilience. Brian Sauser, Ph.D. Stevens Institute of Technology Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce Hoboken, NJ, USA

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1 System Resilience Brian Sauser, Ph.D. Stevens Institute of Technology Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce Hoboken, NJ, USA

2 Global Shipping Network

3 Hierarchy of Operational Roles

4 Governmental Surveillance NGOs & Activists Actions Supply Chain Management Wholesale Operations Retail Systems Warehousing Manufacturing Systems Equipment Production Security- Related Activities Equipment Installation Trucking Systems Environmental Responsibilities Distribution Security Large Corporations Land Transportation MTS Operations Import / Export Railroad Industries Small & Mid-sized Businesses Ports Services Terminal Operators Procurement & Logistics Freight Warehousing Marine Construction Quality Inspection Steamship Operation Tug & Towboat Operation Ship Piloting Ship & Port Maintenance Chandlers Operation Dredging Holarchy of Operational Roles

5 What is System Resilience? The word resilience has its origins in the Latin word resiliere, which can be described as to bounce back. What does System Vulnerability describe? From the latin vulnerare, which is defined as open to attack or damage What is the relationship of System Resilience & Vulnerability to System Protection Approaches? Key Research Questions

6 System Vulnerability: Describes how the delivery function of a network is affected by external failure events System Resilience: Describes how the delivery function of a network returns to normalcy after a vulnerable event Protection Policies are developed to Increase reliability, reduce vulnerability and increase resilience Vulnerability & Resilience

7 The capability of a system to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of major changes or disruption The ability of a system to be less susceptible to disruption, and be able to recover from major sudden changes by returning back to a near original service delivery level The main characteristics of resilience are: Less vulnerability to disruption Ability to absorb external shocks and return back to an acceptable service level timely Characteristics of Resilience

8 Resilience can be defined as a function of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. In order to make a system more resilient, we want to: Reduce the likelihood of disruption (minimize system s vulnerability) Manage the consequences (maximize the adaptive capacity) Resilience in a System

9 To withstand damage or disruption, and if affected, by major non-catastrophic failures can be readily and costeffectively restored. Shock/ Catastrophic Event Resilience therefore depends both on the vulnerability of a system to major disruptions, and its adaptive capacity to recover. 9

10 F(t) Resilience Analysis F(t 0 ) Stable Original State Disruptive Event Disrupted State Resilience Response Stable Recovered State F(t f ) F(t d ) t 0 t d t s t f time

11 Risks Threatens the system Harm to the system Consequences Disruption Scenario and Resilience (Bowtie Model) Systems Resilience Barriers Human Factors Organizational Factors Technological Factors Natural Factors External Shocks Chain of Internal Events Disruption Resiliency Barriers Resiliency Contingencies

12 Systems Resilience Barriers and Contingencies Raising Resilience Factors Human Factors Organizational Factors Technological Factors Natural Factors Human error analysis Effective communication MIS & DSS Meteorology Decision-making models development Systematic documentation Security instruments & system Prediction of natural incidents Educational systems and training Instructions & manuals Surveillance technology Analysis of existing data and occurrence likelihood Flow of Information Clarity of responsibilities Integrated intelligent security systems Crisis management, Ergonomic design Integration among stakeholders Security maritime domain from Sky or under water Recovery and Mitigation Clarity of rules, regulations & laws Geographical information system Markovian plots

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