Measurement of complementary strain fields at the grain scale
|
|
- Lawrence Kennedy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advanced Materials Research Online: ISSN: , Vol. 996, pp doi: / Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Measurement of complementary strain fields at the grain scale Wang CHOW 1, a, Denis SOLAS 2, b, Guillaume PUEL 1, c, Eric PERRIN 1, d, Thierry BAUDIN 2, e and Veronique AUBIN 1, f * 1 Ecole Centrale de Paris, MSSMat, UMR CNRS 8579, F Chatenay-Malabry, France 2 Univ Paris Sud, ICMMO, UMR 8182, F Orsay, France a wang.chow@ecp.fr, b denis.solas@u-psud.fr, c guillaume.puel@ecp.fr, d eric.perrin@ecp.fr, e thierry.baudin@u-psud.fr, f veronique.aubin@ecp.fr * Keywords: Diffraction of monocrystal, Digital image correlation, aluminium alloy. Abstract. In this study, a monotonous mechanical test is performed on a sample in Al-alloy containing about twenty-five grains. During this test, both the total and elastic intragranular strain fields are measured at the same time. The former field is observed by digital image correlation technique while the latter one is measured by X-ray diffraction. The strain fields obtained are then dedicated to identify the parameters of a crystalline constitutive model, using finite element simulation. Introduction The crystalline plasticity models are broadly used to predict the mechanical behaviour of crystalline materials. As they are based on the strain-causing physical mechanisms, these equations are able to deduce the microstructure changes of a material under complex loadings [1-4]. It can predict, for example, local disorientation due to hot forming or the plastic strain localisation which induces fatigue crack initiation. However, the parameters of these models are difficult to identify. This procedure is generally carried out using only data at the macroscopic scale, which cannot take into account the range of heterogeneities of the grain scale. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a robust procedure to identify this type of model using the grain scale information. Two aspects are then developed in parallel: measuring the total and elastic strain fields and simulating a crystalline aggregate in order to identify the parameters of the behaviour model. The surface fields information will then be used for the identification of material parameters of the crystalline plasticity constitutive equations [5]. Objective The objective is to measure simultaneously both the total ԑ t and elastic ԑ e strain fields at each loading level imposed during an in-situ tensile test (Fig. 1). This test is conducted on a sample in aluminium alloy with around twenty-five grains. The test is stopped at increasing levels of strain, and total and elastic strain fields measured in the useful part of the specimen. The total strain field is observed by digital image correlation (DIC) while the elastic one is measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 1. Principle of in-situ simultaneous kinematic full-fields measurements during a tension test This is an open access article under the CC-BY 4.0 license (
2 Advanced Materials Research Vol Material and sample preparation During the experiments, a specimen of aluminium alloy (5052) is used. The chemical composition is given in table 1. Table 1. Chemical composition of the aluminium alloy used (5052). Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Al Balance The specimen dimensions are 13x43 mm 2 with a thickness of 0.5 mm (Fig. 2a). To facilitate the measurements of strain gradients inside the grains, a specimen with very large grains has been chosen. The procedure of recrystallization and grain growth was optimized in order to obtain grain sizes of about 5 mm. Figure 2. a. Sample dimensions [mm], b. Sample with large grains. With the aim of obtaining multicrystalline structure, the sample is first subjected an annealing at 450 C for two hours to release internal residual stresses. Critical work hardening at 4.7% strain is carried out to generate recrystallisation nucleuses. Finally, recrystallisation annealing is performed at 540 C for two days to obtain large grains (Fig. 2b). Experimental Methods Simultaneous ԑ e and ԑ t measurements Implementation The micro-tensile machine (MICROTEST) was designed by Deben for use within a SEM. Its XRD mounting system allows performing mechanical test inside the X-ray diffraction machine. Considering a suitable load cell and calibration system for this apparatus, the maximum tensile loading is 1kN. For these reason, the sample dimension and its materials should be carefully optimized. As X-Ray measurements take a very long time (several days), it is very important that the machine ensures a precise constant loading during the entire X-Ray scan. To qualify the machine, a relaxation and a creep test were conducted independently. By maintaining the distance of the clips constant (31.05mm) for 5 days, the distance variation between the clips was about 1 µm. The force dropped considerably (78.87N) during the first 40 minutes then decreased slowly (43N) for the rest of time. While keeping constant force of the clips at 600N for 5 days, the force variation was around 1N. The distance variation between the clips was about 5 µm. The X-ray diffraction measurement is performed on a X'Pert Pro MRD 7-axis (x, y, z, ψ, ϕ, ω and 2θ) goniometer by Panalytical. Starting from the cobalt source tube operating at 45kV /40A, the X-ray beam first passes through a β-filter in Iron to sort out all the α-wavelengths. A poly-capillary lens with a diameter of 8 mm is then needed to convert a highly divergent beam of X-rays into a quasi-parallel beam of low divergence. The beam size is limited by a knob adjustable crossed slit collimator before diffracting the sample positioned on the wafer holder. The diffracted beams go through a Soller slit holder with vertical and horizontal blades spaced 0.5mm and are finally quantified by a Xenon filled gaseous proportional detector.
3 66 Residual Stresses IX Figure 3. a. Sample inside the micro-tensile machine. b. Assembly of the setup. The micro-tensile machine and a single-lens reflex camera are installed inside the XRD machine (Fig. 3b). To integrate all the elements inside the diffractometer, the micro-tensile machine is positioned on the cradle of the goniometer by considering its weight and the distance between sample surface and X-ray beams (z-axis). The reflex camera faces the specimen vertically. A cable guide has been designed around the micro-tensile machine for tidying up its power cable and preventing it crossing the beam during diffraction measurements. Mesh of the sample The grain position on the sample (Fig. 2b) is captured by an optical microscope. A mesh size is defined according to the grain size. There are approximately 20 points of XRD measurement in a grain. In our case, the useful part of the sample is 21x6 mm2 and the mesh size is 1x1mm2 (Fig. 4). The spatial resolution for CID is much finer than for XRD. It will be presented and defined in later. Figure 4. A meshed sample with its grains numbered. The black-block indicates the measuring position of X-ray beam. Initial Microstructure The crystallographic orientation Crystal orientations (ϕ1, Φ, ϕ2)grain can be determined from the position of the diffraction peaks. First, a complete texture scanning is performed on each single crystal on the sample in its initial state. The peak positions (ψ, ϕ){hkl} in the pole figure of {220}grain and {222}grain inter-reticular plans are identified (Fig. 5a). After that, Euler angle triplets are generated every 30 and the corresponding (ψ, ϕ){220} and (ψ, ϕ){222} are calculated. By minimizing the difference between the calculated and measured (ψ, ϕ) values, Euler angles of each grain can then be deducted. Once the crystal orientation is identified, all the resting (ψ, ϕ){hkl} can then be calculated (Fig. 5b). Unlike EBSD scanning which requires a high quality of polishing on sample surface, this is a non destructive method to determine the materials texture. Since obtaining a sufficiently precise pole figure for one {hkl} plan requires 9-hour scanning, the induction process can avoid the bulky scanning for other {hkl} plans (Fig. 5b). The initial orientations of each crystal could be used for numerical simulation afterward.
4 Advanced Materials Research Vol Figure 5. Grain 3: a. Pole figure of {220} plans. b. Calculated and measured Pole figure of {311} according to crystal orientation. Optical Microscope With the help of optical microscope, each grain position is recognized (Figure 4). It facilitates the XRD scanning programming as well as Finite Element meshing. ԑ e field measurement X-ray diffraction technique: First Ortner Method [6] The metric tensor G can be calculated during a tensile test with (ψ, ϕ){hkl}, so as the strain tensor ԑ can be deduced. The relationship between selected {hkl} plans distance (vector D* in the reciprocal lattice) and reciprocal metric tensor G* can be described with a matrix H, which is constructed by the coordinates of the diffraction vectors of these {hkl} plans in the reciprocal lattice (Eq.1). HG* = D* (1) By the method of least squares, G* can be calculated with at least the 6 {hkl} plans measured. G* = (H T H) -1 H T D* (2) The advantage of this method is its independence regarding to the 2θ rotation. Then, the strain tensor ε is determined by: ij ij g g0 ij ε ij = ε = (3) 2 ii jj g 0 g 0 where g0 ij et g ij are the contravariance of the initial and the deformed metric tensor G*. Number of {hkl} plans required and its criteria [7] Besides the requirement to determine the six components of G*, probable measurement errors and existing experimental limitation should be taken into account. Larger the diffraction angle 2θ, smaller the probable measurement errors. Thus, for a sample in Al-alloy with a FCC structure, {111} and {200} plans are not considered. Moreover, more {hkl} plans are considered, more precise the calculation will be. With regard to the accessibility by the goniometer, 18 {hkl} plans fulfill the requirement. Yet, the clips of the micro-tensile machine bounds an accessible angle for X-ray beam diffracting towards the sample. Even so, weak diffraction beam intensity is obtained once the cradle inclines more than 75 along ψ-axis. Lastly, (ψ, ϕ){hkl} located at the center is always avoided with calculation concerns. As a result, after eliminating all the inappropriate (ψ, ϕ){hkl}, 12 {hkl} plans are left to be analysed. XRD measuring method Before determining the ε e tensor for a mechanical test, the initial (ψ, ϕ){hkl} should be measured with high accuracy. After deformation, each modified peak position is measured in the vicinity of the initial ones. Scans along ψ, ϕ and 2θ are performed one after the other in order to find the maximum intensity of the peak, this optimisation process is repeated 3 or 4 times until convergence [8].
5 68 Residual Stresses IX The stability of the optimisation process has been tested and validated. Several sets of parameters (ψ, ϕ and 2θ) in the vicinity of a given peak (Fig. 5a) have been tested as initial positions. After 4 iterations, all the processes converged to nearly the same 2θ value with a variance of The entire optimisation process for the measurement of one peak takes 4.3 minutes. For the final peak position determination for 2θ, a spline function is applied for curve fitting and its maxima is taken. Further refinement of beam size - Mosaicity During XRD scanning, if mosaicity exists or develops, more than one peak will be found in the scanning curve. It is then difficult to determine the position of the given peak. So, the beam size has been refined to 0.1 x 0.1 mm 2 to avoid this problem. The intensity is sufficient for the peak measurement and optimisation, as the signal to noise ratio remains higher than 60 (Fig. 6). Figure 6. Grain3: Optimisation of the 2θ{311} with beam size 0.1 x 0.1 mm 2. ԑ t field measurement DIC measuring method The digital image correlation is a 2D or 3D optical method for measuring the displacement between two images of the same region of the sample taken successively. For this, a speckled pattern painting (Fig. 7a) is applied on the sample surface. During the mechanical test, images of the deformed sample surface are taken regularly. Software Correli_Q4 [9] is used to match small areas of the initial image to the corresponding ones in the deformed image and calculate the displacement field. Hence, a strain field can be derived (Fig. 7b). Figure 7. a. Speckle on the sample surface. b. Strain field derived by CORRELI_Q4 The speckle is made of black and white spray painting. A polycrystalline sample covered by mouchetis was tested by Correli_Q4 to qualify the painting thickness, grey histogram and measurement errors. Moreover, it was verified the speckle spread out on the surface does not bother the diffraction measurement. To ensure the painting does not contain any metallic components neither bother the XRD, comparison was made with a glass sample with the same thickness of speckle (Fig. 8).
6 Advanced Materials Research Vol Summary Figure 8. Speckle verification realised by XRD measurement. This paper presents a method developed for measuring ԑ t and ԑ e strain fields at the grain scale. It introduces the device specifically developed, presents the measurement concept and describes testing procedure, analysis method as well as the precautions taken to minimise experimental errors. The experiments are still in process and result analyses will be available soon. References [1] Saai A., Physical model of the plasticity of a metal crystal CFC subjected to alternating loads: Contribution to the definition of multiscale modeling of shaping metal, Thesis (University of Savoie), (2008) [2] Saai A., Louche H., Tabourot L., Chang H.J., "Experimental and numerical study of the thermo-mechanical behavior of Al bi-crystal in tension using full field measurements and micromechanical modeling", Mechanics of Materials, 42 (2010) pp [3] Badulescu C., Grédiac M., Haddadi H.,Mathias J.-D., Balandraud X., Tran H.-S., "Applying the grid method and infrared thermography to investigate plastic deformation in aluminium multicrystal", 43 (2010) pp [4] P. Evrard, A. El Bartali, V. Aubin, C. Rey, S. Degallaix, D. Kondo, "Influence of boundary conditions on bi-phased polycrystal microstructure calculation", International Journal of Solids and Structures, 47 (2010) pp [5] Avril S., Bonnet M., Bretelle A.S., Grédiac M., Hild F., Ienny P., Latourte F., Lemosse D., Pagano S., Pagnacco E., Pierron F.,"Overview of identification methods of mechanical parameters based on full-field measurement", Experimental Mechanics, 48 (2008) pp [6] Ortner B., Simultaneous determination of the lattice constant and elastic strain in cubic single crystal, Adv. X-ray Analysis, 29 (1986) pp [7] Ortner B., The choice of lattice planes in X-ray strain measurements of single crystals, Adv. X-ray Analysis, 29 (1986) pp [8] EBERL F., Second order heterogeneities in a multicrystal: Experimental developments using X-ray Diffraction and comparison with a Finite Element Model, Thesis (ENSAM Paris), (2000) [9] Hild F., ROUX S., CORRELIQ4: A Software for Finite-element Displacement Field Measurements by Digital Image Correlation, Internal report of ENS Cachan, 269, (2008)
LSPM CNRS, Université Paris 13, 99 av. J.B. Clément, Villetaneuse, France
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2014-08-11 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 996, pp 106-111 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.106 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Modeling methodology for stress
More informationThe Effect of Crystallographic Texture on the Wrap Bendability in AA5754-O Temper Sheet Alloy
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 607-612 607 The Effect of Crystallographic Texture
More informationX-ray diffraction
2.2.3.- X-ray diffraction 2.2.3.1.- Origins and fundamentals of the technique The first experimental evidence concerning x-ray diffraction was given by Max von Laue who in 1912 demonstrated that x-rays
More information3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography
3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography W. Ludwig 1,2, A. King 2,3, G. Johnson 2,3, P. Reischig 2, S. Rolland 2, M. Herbig 1, E.M. Lauridsen 4 1 MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, France 2 ESRF,
More informationIdentification of Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameter. for Metal Powders Using X-ray Diffraction. Eman Mousa Alhajji
Identification of Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameter for Metal Powders Using X-ray Diffraction Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering MSE
More information{001} Texture Map of AA5182 Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Uniaxial Compression
Materials Transactions, Vol., No. (00) pp. 6 to 67 #00 The Japan Institute of Light Metals {00} Texture Map of AA8 Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Uniaxial Compression Hyeon-Mook Jeong*, Kazuto Okayasu
More informationX-RAY DIFFRACTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH
X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH M. Leszczyński High Pressure Research Center UNIPRESS, Sokolowska 29/37, 01 142 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: mike@unipress.waw.pl ABSTRACT The paper
More informationATTACHMENTES FOR APD 2000 PRO POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER. Monochromators
Monochromators Secondary graphite monochromator Johansson Ka 1 monochromator Parabolic monochromator Secondary flat and curved graphite monochromators suitable for Ag, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co and Mo radiations
More informationMeasurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction
Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction C-563 Overview Definitions Origin Methods of determination of residual stresses Method of X-ray diffraction (details) References End Stress and Strain
More informationSynchrotron Imaging Techniques
Synchrotron Imaging Techniques Applications in materials science W. Ludwig 1,2, P. Cloetens 1, L. Helfen 1, P. Bleuet 1, M. Di Michiel 1 1 ESRF, Grenoble, France 2 Mateis, INSA de Lyon, France Outline:
More informationStrain. Two types of stresses: Usually:
Stress and Texture Strain Two types of stresses: microstresses vary from one grain to another on a microscopic scale. macrostresses stress is uniform over large distances. Usually: macrostrain is uniform
More informationCrystallographic Textures Measurement
Crystallographic Textures Measurement D. V. Subramanya Sarma Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras E-mail: vsarma@iitm.ac.in Macrotexture through pole
More informationPhysics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory. Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures
Physics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures References: Preston and Dietz, Expt. 10 pp. 180-197 Eisberg and Resnick, Quantum Physics, Sec. 9 Kittel,
More informationDeformation textures in wire drawn perlitic steel
Int J Mater Form (2010) 3:7 11 DOI 10.1007/s12289-009-0410-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Deformation textures in wire drawn perlitic steel M. Zidani & S. Messaoudi & T. Baudin & D. Solas & M. H. Mathon Received:
More informationSingle crystal X-ray diffraction. Zsolt Kovács
Single crystal X-ray diffraction Zsolt Kovács based on the Hungarian version of the Laue lab description which was written by Levente Balogh, Jenő Gubicza and Lehel Zsoldos INTRODUCTION X-ray diffraction
More informationEBSD Basics EBSD. Marco Cantoni 021/ Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME. Phosphor Screen. Pole piece.
EBSD Marco Cantoni 021/693.48.16 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique CIME EBSD Basics Quantitative, general microstructural characterization in the SEM Orientation measurements, phase
More informationMicrostructure Evolution of Polycrystalline Pure Nickel during Static Recrystallization 1
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 9 (2002) pp. 2243 to 2248 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Microstructure Evolution of Polycrystalline Pure Nickel during Static Recrystallization 1 Makoto Hasegawa
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density. Planar Density. Linear Density. Outline: Planar Density
Atomic Densities Outline: Atomic Densities - Linear Density - Planar Density Single- vs poly- crystalline materials X-ray Diffraction Example Polymorphism and Allotropy Linear Density Number of atoms per
More informationEVOLUTION OF DEFORMATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES OF A STEEL DRAWN WIRE
EVOLUTION OF DEFORMATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES OF A STEEL DRAWN WIRE M. Zidani 1, M. Messaoudi 1, T. Baudin 2,3, D. Solas 3,2, C. Derfouf 4 and N. Bounar 5 1 Department of Metallurgy, University
More informationThe object of this experiment is to test the de Broglie relationship for matter waves,
Experiment #58 Electron Diffraction References Most first year texts discuss optical diffraction from gratings, Bragg s law for x-rays and electrons and the de Broglie relation. There are many appropriate
More informationTHROUGH-THICHNESS STRAIN FIELD MEASUREMENT IN A COMPOSITE/ALUMINIUM ADHESIVE JOINT
Marie-Pierre MOUTRILLE Katell DERRIEN Didier BAPTISTE Laboratoire d Ingénierie des Matériaux, ENSAM, Paris, France Xavier BALANDRAUD Michel GREDIAC Laboratoire de Mécanique et Ingénierie, Blaise Pascal
More informationFundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering
Fundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering Don Savage dsavage@wisc.edu 1231 Engineering Research Building (608) 263-0831 X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering Involves the elastic scattering of
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION BASED ON MEASUREMENTS USING TWO METHODS OF X-RAY APPLICATION
182 THE ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION BASED ON MEASUREMENTS USING TWO METHODS OF X-RAY APPLICATION ABSTRACT Barbara Kucharska Institute of Materials Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology,
More informationEBSD Electron BackScatter Diffraction Principle and Applications
EBSD Electron BackScatter Diffraction Principle and Applications Dr. Emmanuelle Boehm-Courjault EPFL STI IMX Laboratoire de Simulation des Matériaux LSMX emmanuelle.boehm@epfl.ch 1 Outline! Introduction!
More informationThe effect of different step-size on the visualization of crystallographic defects using SEM/EBSD technique
Int. Jnl. of Multiphysics Volume 9 Number 1 2015 37 The effect of different step-size on the visualization of crystallographic defects using SEM/EBSD technique Yoshikazu HIGA*, Ken SHIMOJIMA and Takashi
More informationPrecision Without Compromise
D1 EVOLUTION Precision Without Compromise Versatile and user-friendly high resolution and multipurpose X-ray diffractometer for the characterization of advanced materials www.jvsemi.com D1 Overview Introduction
More informationIn-situ Observation of Microstructure Change in Steel by EBSD
NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 114 MARCH 2017 Technical Report UDC 621. 785. 36 In-situ Observation of Microstructure Change in Steel by EBSD Masayuki WAKITA* Seiichi SUZUKI Abstract
More informationThe influence of aluminium alloy quench sensitivity on the magnitude of heat treatment induced residual stress
Materials Science Forum Vols. 524-525 (26) pp. 35-31 online at http://www.scientific.net (26) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland The influence of aluminium alloy quench sensitivity on the magnitude of
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers Arturas Vailionis First Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application Tuesday, May
More informationD. Y. Abebe 1, J. W. Kim 2, and J. H. Choi 3
Steel Innovations Conference 213 Christchurch, New Zealand 21-22 February 213 HYSTERESIS CHARACTERSTICS OF CIRCULAR PIPE STEEL DAMPER USING LYP225 D. Y. Abebe 1, J. W. Kim 2, and J. H. Choi 3 ABSTRACT
More informationHigh Resolution X-ray Diffraction
High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Nina Heinig with data from Dr. Zhihao Donovan Chen, Panalytical and slides from Colorado State University Outline Watlab s new tool: Panalytical MRD system Techniques:
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers 6th Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application May 29-31, 2012 Thin films. Epitaxial
More informationIntroduction to Electron Backscattered Diffraction. TEQIP Workshop HREXRD Feb 1 st to Feb 5 th 2016
Introduction to Electron Backscattered Diffraction 1 TEQIP Workshop HREXRD Feb 1 st to Feb 5 th 2016 SE vs BSE 2 Ranges and interaction volumes 3 (1-2 m) http://www4.nau.edu/microanalysis/microprobe/interact-effects.html
More informationResidual Stress Measurements Using Neutron Diffraction in Magnesium Alloy Laser Welded Joints
Residual Stress Measurements Using Neutron Diffraction in Magnesium Alloy Laser Welded Joints A. Fabre 1, J.-É. Masse 1, M. Ceretti 2 and L. Barrallier 1 1 MécaSurf Team, ENSAM - 2, cours des Arts et Métiers
More informationMETHOD TO EVALUATE BIAXIAL STRETCH RATIOS IN STRETCH BLOW MOLDING
METHOD TO EVALUATE BIAXIAL STRETCH RATIOS IN STRETCH BLOW MOLDING Masoud Allahkarami 1, 2, Sudheer Bandla 2, and Jay C. Hanan 1 1 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa,
More informationTechnical Specification for Laboratory X-ray diffraction system for measurements of Crystallographic Texture and Residual Stress
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY MATERIALS MANAGEMENT DIVISION Direct : (+91-22) 2576 8800 (DR) / 8803 (Local) / 8804 (Import) / 8805 (Enquiry & Bill tracking), 8802(Progress) Email : drmm@iitb.ac.in,
More informationMicrostructure and texture of asymmetrically rolled aluminium and titanium after deformation and recrystallization
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Microstructure and texture of asymmetrically rolled aluminium and titanium after deformation and recrystallization To cite this
More informationChapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing
Chapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing This is a further application of our knowledge of plastic deformation and is an introduction to heat treatment. Part of this lecture is covered by Chapter 4 of
More informationELASTIC-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ADVANCED ADI STUDIED BY IN-SITU SEM TENSILE TEST
ELASTIC-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ADVANCED ADI STUDIED BY IN-SITU SEM TENSILE TEST Martin PETRENEC a, Hana TESAŘOVÁ a, Karel KRAHULA b, Jaroslav POLÁK c a TESCAN, a.s., Libušina třída 21, Brno-Kohoutovice,
More information9/28/2013 9:26 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 2 Why study the structure of crystalline solids? Properties of some materials are directly related to their crystal structure. Significant property differences
More informationPrediction of cyclic residual stress relaxation by modeling approach N. Ben Moussa 1,a, N. Sidhom 1,b, H. Sidhom 1,c and C.
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2014-08-11 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 996, pp 743-748 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.743 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Prediction of cyclic residual stress
More informationEffect of Rolling and Annealing on the Hardness and Mechanical Properties of 1050 Aluminum Alloy
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(8)844-849, 213 213, TextRoad Publication ISSN 29-434 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com Effect of Rolling and Annealing on the Hardness and Mechanical
More informationCarnegie Mellon MRSEC
Carnegie Mellon MRSEC Texture, Microstructure & Anisotropy, Fall 2009 A.D. Rollett, P. Kalu 1 ELECTRONS SEM-based TEM-based Koseel ECP EBSD SADP Kikuchi Different types of microtexture techniques for obtaining
More informationStressX: XRD Solution to Residual Stress Determination in Industrial Application Field
StressX: XRD Solution to Residual Stress Determination in Industrial Application Field Alessandro Torboli X-Ray Marketing Manager GNR Analytical Instruments Group 25-26 April 2017 GIZEF - Freiberg G.N.R.
More informationCrystal structure analysis of spherical silicon using X-ray pole figure
Solid State Phenomena Vol. 9 (00) pp 9-56 (00) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:0.08/www.scientific.net/ssp.9.9 Tel.No.:+8-77-56-98 FaxNo.:+8-77-56-98 e-mail: ro00986@se.ritsumei.ac.jp Crystal
More informationTechnical articles Micro-area X-ray diffraction measurement by SmartLab μ
Technical articles Micro-area X-ray diffraction measurement by SmartLab μhr diffractometer system with ultra-high brilliance microfocus X-ray optics and two-dimensional detector HyPix-3000 Yuji Shiramata*
More informationVOLUME FRACTION ANALYSIS
VOLUME FRCTON NLYSS Qualitative (dentification) Lattice parameter versus composition curve (single phase) JCPDS Files: 1) Locate d1 group; 2)Closest match to d2 3) d1, d2, d3 (-wise) 4) Compare all lines
More informationENGN2340 Final Project Computational rate independent Single Crystal Plasticity with finite deformations Abaqus Umat Implementation
ENGN2340 Final Project Computational rate independent Single Crystal Plasticity with finite deformations Abaqus Umat Implementation Anastasia Tzoumaka Fall 2017 Intorduction: Single crystals, are monocrystalline
More information9/29/2014 8:52 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
1 Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 12/10/2014 Quiz # 1 will be held on Monday 13/10/2014 at 11:00 am
More informationNEMI Sn Whisker Modeling Group Part 2:Future Work
NEMI Sn Whisker Modeling Group Part 2:Future Work IPC/NEMI Meeting Maureen Williams, NIST Irina Boguslavsky, NEMI Consultant November 7, 2002 New Orleans, LA Capabilities of NEMI Modeling Group NEMI Fundamental
More informationSymmetry and Anisotropy Structure, Properties, Sample and Material, Texture and Anisotropy, Symmetry
Symmetry and Anisotropy Structure, Properties, Sample and Material, Texture and Anisotropy, Symmetry Objectives Symmetry Operators & Matrix representation. Effect of crystal and sample symmetry
More information9/16/ :30 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 17/9/2015 3 Why study the structure
More informationTravaux Pratiques de Matériaux de Construction
Travaux Pratiques de Matériaux de Construction Section Matériaux 6 ème semestre 2009 Etude de Matériaux Cimentaire Par Diffraction des Rayons X Responsable: Silke Ruffing E-Mail: silke.ruffing@epfl.ch
More informationEpitaxy and Roughness Study of Glancing Angle Deposited Nanoarrays. Hamid Alouach and G. J. Mankey
Epitaxy and Roughness Study of Glancing Angle Deposited Nanoarrays Hamid Alouach and G. J. Mankey Introduction Objective: Approach: Characterization: Fabrication of nanoscale magnetic wires for spin transport
More informationEvolution of texture in an ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy
Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials Vol.48, No.1, June 2015, pp.11-16 Evolution of texture in an ultrafine and nano grained magnesium alloy S.M. Fatemi 1* and Abbas Zarei-Hanzki 2
More informationJournal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering
and Materials Engineering Effect of Fine Particle Peening Treatment prior to itriding on Fatigue Properties of AISI 4135 Steel* Shoichi KIKUCHI** and Jun KOMOTORI*** ** Graduate School of Science and Technology,
More informationAdditive manufacturing
Comparison Between Microstructures, Deformation Mechanisms and Micromechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Consolidated by Laser Melting I. Heikkilä, O. Karlsson, D. Lindell, A. Angré, Y. Zhong,
More informationX ray analysis of the mechanical state of a Nickel based multicrystal on the mesoscopic scale: Role of the grain orientation and its boundary
Copyright(C)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Vol.42 528 Copyright(C)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Vol.42
More informationFatigue Mechanisms of Aluminium Alloy Assemblies
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd 628 Fatigue Mechanisms of
More informationANALYSIS OF ZN-MG COATING IN DEPENDENCE ON THE EXTENT OF DEFORMATION BY DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
ANALYSIS OF ZN-MG COATING IN DEPENDENCE ON THE EXTENT OF DEFORMATION BY DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ZUZÁNEK Lukáš 1, ŘIDKÝ Ondřej 1, SOLFRONK Pavel 1, KOLNEROVÁ Michaela 1, SOBOTKA Jiří 1 1 Technical University
More informationInfluence of Crystal Orientations on the Bendability of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2010) pp. 614 to 619 Special Issue on Crystallographic Orientation Distribution and Related Properties in Advanced Materials II #2010 The Japan Institute of Light
More informationPhases transformation textures in steels
J. Phys. IV France 0 (004) 37-44 EDP Sciences, Les Ulis DOI: 0.05/jp4:004005 Phases transformation textures in steels C. Cabus,, H. Regle and B. Bacroix IRSID-CMC, Voie Romaine, BP. 3030, 5783 Maizières-lès-Metz
More informationMaterials Lab 1(MT344) X-ray Diffractometer Operation and Data Analysis. Instructor: Dr. Xueyan Wu ( 吴雪艳 )
Materials Lab 1(MT344) X-ray Diffractometer Operation and Data Analysis Instructor: Dr. Xueyan Wu ( 吴雪艳 ) Goals To give students a practical introduction into the use of X-ray diffractometer and data collection.
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction.
Atomic Densities Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction. Planar Density Number of atoms per unit area that are centered
More informationWhat if your diffractometer aligned itself?
Ultima IV Perhaps the greatest challenge facing X-ray diffractometer users today is how to minimize time and effort spent on reconfiguring of the system for different applications. Wade Adams, Ph.D., Director,
More informationIn-situ Heating Characterisation Using EBSD
Webinar In-situ Heating Characterisation Using EBSD Speakers Dr. Ali Gholinia Dr. Neil Othen Dr. Jenny Goulden Topics Introduction to EBSD Why do in-situ experiments? EBSD equipment requirements for in-situ
More informationActivation of deformation mechanism
Activation of deformation mechanism The deformation mechanism activates when a critical amount of mechanical stress imposed to the crystal The dislocation glide through the slip systems when the required
More informationLIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Figure 1.2: Figure 1.3: Figure 2.1: Figure 2.2: Figure 2.3: Figure 2.4: Figure 2.5: (a) (b) (c): (d) (e) (f):
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Types of surface coatings....4 Figure 1.2: PVD processing techniques...8 Figure 1.3: Schematic of PVD process... 11 Figure 2.1: Formation of intrusion and extrusion marks on
More informationRESIDUAL STRESS ESTIMATION OF TI CASTING ALLOY BY X-RAY SINGLE CRYSTAL MEASUREMENT METHOD
4 RESIDUAL STRESS ESTIMATION OF TI ASTING ALLOY BY X-RAY SINGLE RYSTAL MEASUREMENT METHOD Ayumi Shiro 1, Masayuki Nishida, Takao Hanabusa and Jing Tian 4 1 Graduate Student, The University of Tokushima,
More informationChristian Klinkenberg 1,a, Helmut Klein 2,b, Jörg Gerlach 3,c
Materials Science Forum Online: 5-9-15 ISSN: -975, Vols. 95-97, pp 93-9 doi:./www.scientific.net/msf.95-97.93 5 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Texture Development during mechanical r-value Determination
More informationMicrostructural Controls on Trace Element Variability in Ore Minerals
2 Microstructural Controls on Trace Element Variability in Ore Minerals Question: Does EBSD provide new insight into ore mineral microstructure and the chemical enrichment of elements in hydrothermal ore
More informationLesson 3 Sample Preparation
Lesson 3 Sample Preparation Nicola Döbelin RMS Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland January 14 16, 2015, Bern, Switzerland Repetition: Bragg-Brentano Diffractometer Typical Configuration (with Kβ filter)
More informationCHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL
54 CHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL 3.1 HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOY In the proposed work, 7075 Al alloy (high strength) has been identified, as a material for the studies on
More informationDeformation Microstructure and Texture in a Cold-Rolled Austenitic Steel with Low Stacking-Fault Energy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2010) pp. 620 to 624 Special Issue on Crystallographic Orientation Distribution and Related Properties in Advanced Materials II #2010 The Japan Institute of Metals
More informationATTACHMENTES FOR EXPLORER DIFFRACTOMETER. Monochromators
Monochromators Secondary flat and curved graphite monochromators suitable for Ag, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co and Mo radiations This attachment is installed in the X-ray detection unit. It is designed to remove continuous
More informationPlastic Anisotropy in Recrystallized and Unrecrystallized Extruded Aluminium Profiles
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (24) 14 Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd Plastic Anisotropy in Recrystallized
More informationControl of Grain Growth Process by a Local Heating Method
Trans. JWRI, Vol.34 (2005), No.1 Control of Grain Growth Process by a Local Heating Method SHIBAYANAGI Toshiya *, TSUKAMOTO Masahiro** and ABE Nobuyuki * Abstract The present work deals with a preferential
More informationSummary of the PhD theses
SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION WITH ASYMMETRIC ROLLING Summary of the PhD theses Bobor Kristóf MSc in mechanical engineering Supervisor: Krállics György PhD associate professor Budapest University of Technology
More informationEffects of Wavy Roll-Forming on Textures in AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 5 (8) pp. 995 to 999 Special Issue on Platform Science and Technology for Advanced Magnesium Alloys, IV #8 The Japan Institute of Metals Effects of Wavy Roll-Forming
More informationRietveld refinement of ZrSiO 4 : application of a phenomenological model of anisotropic peak width
Rietveld refinement of ZrSiO 4 : application of a phenomenological model of anisotropic peak width A. Sarkar, P. Mukherjee, P. Barat Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre 1/A Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
More informationMAX-PLANCK PROJECT REPORT
FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF STEELS MAX-PLANCK PROJECT REPORT D. Raabe, F. Roters Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Str. 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany February 2004,
More informationIncident neutrons Q 2
Q 1 Slit Incident neutrons Collimator Q 2 Collimator TD Detector Bank #1-90 o LD Detector Bank #2 +90 o Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the in situ neutron diffraction experimental setup
More informationX ray analysis of the mechanical state of a Nickel based multicrystal on the mesoscopic scale: Role of the grain orientation and its boundary
528 528 X ray analysis of the mechanical state of a Nickel based multicrystal on the mesoscopic scale: Role of the grain orientation and its boundary F. Eberl*, J.L. Lebrun*, G. Cailletaud** * LM3, ENSAM
More informationChapter 7: Plastic deformation, Strengthening and Recrystallisation of Metals
Chapter 7: Plastic deformation, Strengthening and Recrystallisation of Metals What do I need to know? The Mechanism of Plastic formation in single and polycrystalline metals The slip mechanism The slip
More informationMicrostructural and Textural Evolution by Continuous Cyclic Bending and Annealing in a High Purity Titanium
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 9 (24) pp. 2826 to 2831 #24 The Japan Institute of Metals Microstructural and Textural Evolution by Continuous Cyclic Bending and Annealing in a High Purity Titanium
More informationMicrostructural Characterization of Materials
Microstructural Characterization of Materials 2nd Edition DAVID BRANDON AND WAYNE D. KAPLAN Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Contents Preface to the Second Edition
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Materials Science 12 (2016 ) 42 47
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 12 (2016 ) 42 47 6th New Methods of Damage and Failure Analysis of Structural Parts [MDFA] Cyclic Bending Deformation
More informationStatic Recrystallization Phase-Field Simulation Coupled with Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method
tatic Recrystallization Phase-Field imulation Coupled with Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method T. Takaki 1, A. Yamanaka, Y. Tomita 2 ummary We have proposed a simulation model for static recrystallization
More informationTHE MEASUREMENT OF SUBSURFACE RESIDUAL STRESS AND COLD WORK DISTRIBUTIONS IN NICKEL BASE ALLOYS
THE MEASUREMENT OF SUBSURFACE RESIDUAL STRESS AND COLD WORK DISTRIBUTIONS IN NICKEL BASE ALLOYS Paul S. Prevéy Lambda Research, Inc. ABSTRACT A method of determining the diffraction peak width accurately
More informationThis lecture is part of the Basic XRD Course.
This lecture is part of the Basic XRD Course. Basic XRD Course 1 A perfect polycrystalline sample should contain a large number of crystallites. Ideally, we should always be able to find a set of crystallites
More informationProducing Large Monocrystals of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Producing Large Monocrystals of Austenitic Stainless Steel J. Kopeček Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic Kopecek@fzu.cz I. Simonovski Jožef Stefan Institute
More informationA METHOD OF DETERMINING THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF ALLOYS IN SELECTED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS FOR X-RAY DIFFRACTION RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENT
A MTHOD OF DTRMINING TH LASTIC PROPRTIS OF ALLOYS IN SLCTD CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRCTIONS FOR X-RAY DIFFRACTION RSIDUAL STRSS MASURMNT Paul S. Prevéy ABSTRACT A technique and apparatus are described for obtaining
More informationAsymmetric rolling textures of aluminium studied with crystalline model implemented into FEM
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Asymmetric rolling textures of aluminium studied with crystalline model implemented into FEM To cite this article: M Wronski et
More informationEFFECT OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SHEETS BY DEPTH SENSING INDENTATION
EFFECT OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SHEETS BY DEPTH SENSING INDENTATION Peter BURIK 1, Ladislav PEŠEK 2 1 Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory
ASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory Instructor: Rui Huang Dept of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin Fall 2003 Lecture 3 September 4, 2003 Iron and Steels
More informationSECTION A. NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS Part IA. Friday 4 June to 4.30 MATERIALS AND MINERAL SCIENCES
NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS Part IA Friday 4 June 1999 1.30 to 4.30 MATERIALS AND MINERAL SCIENCES Answer five questions; two from each of sections A and B and one from section C. Begin each answer at the
More informationVISUALIZATION OF STRAIN CONCENTRATIONS IN COMPOSITES USING ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
21 st International Conference on Composite Materials Xi an, 20-25 th August 2017 VISUALIZATION OF STRAIN CONCENTRATIONS IN COMPOSITES USING ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES Q. Wang 1,*, S. Ri 1, Y.
More informationStrain Capacities Limits of Wrought Magnesium Alloys: Tension vs. Expansion
Materials Sciences and Applications, 213, 4, 768-772 Published Online December 213 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/msa) http://dx.doi.org/1.4236/msa.213.41297 Strain Capacities Limits of Wrought Magnesium
More informationDeformation characterization of cartridge brass
Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 20, August 2013, pp. 283-288 Deformation characterization of cartridge brass Arun Kumar Verma a, A Shingweker b, M Nihichlani b, V Singh b & Prantik
More information