DENSITY OF MATTER. To experimentally determine the densities of given solids and liquids.
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1 DENSITY OF MATTER PURPOSE: To experimentally determine the densities of iven solids and liquids. EQUIPMENT: Triple-beam balance, vernier caliper, raduated, lass block, metal, metal sphere, wooden sphere, rock sample, ethyl alcohol. INTRODUCTION: You may have heard it said that iron is "heavier" than aluminum and that both are heavier than water. However, a piece of aluminum the size of a battleship obviously weihs more than an iron cannonball, and the water in the Atlantic Ocean outweihs them both. What we really mean is that iron has a reater density than aluminum, and both are denser than water. is an important property of matter because it is a measure of how compact an object is, i.e. how much mass is contained within the space occupied by the object. is defined to be the ratio of the mass of an object to the volume of the object: mass() density ( ) = cm volume( cm ) In the metric system, the units of density are rams per cubic centimeter (/cm ) or kilorams per cubic meter (k/m ). Table E ives the accepted values of densities of some common substances. PROCEDURE: Part A. Densities of Reular Shaped Solids 1. Usin the balance, measure the mass (to the nearest 0.1 ram) of the lass block, metal, metal sphere, and wooden sphere. Record in the data table. 2. Usin the vernier caliper, measure the dimensions (to the nearest 0.01 cm) of the lass block, metal, metal sphere, and wooden sphere. Record in the data table.. Compute and record the volume of the objects from the formulas iven on the data sheet. 4. Calculate the density of each object by takin the ratio of the mass to the volume.
2 Part B. Densities of Irreular Shaped Solids 1. Usin the balance, measure the mass of the rock sample. Record in the data table alon with the mass of the metal from Part A. 2. Fill a raduated about half full of water. Record the initial water level at the bottom of the meniscus. It is important to estimate the level to the nearest 0.1 ml. Usin a wire or a strin carefully lower the metal into the raduated. Record the final water level to the nearest 0.1 ml. Since 1 ml is practically the same as 1 cm, the difference between the levels is the volume of the object placed in the water.. Repeat step 2 usin the rock sample. Because some water may have been removed, the initial level should be re-measured. 4. Calculate the volume of each object from the chane in water level. 5. Calculate the density of each object. Part C. Densities of Liquids 1. Measure and record the mass of a dry raduated. 2. Fill the about /4 full of water. Record the volume of the water to the nearest 0.1 ml = 0.1 cm. Aain read the level at the bottom of the meniscus.. Measure and record the mass of the plus water. Determine the mass of the water by subtraction. 4. Repeat steps 2 and usin alcohol instead of water. 5. Calculate the density of each liquid. Part D. Comparison of Densities 1. List each experimental density in the data table in increasin order (smallest density first). 2. Record the accepted value in the data table and compute the per cent error. % Error Accepted Measured Accepted x 100 Note: The actual densities of some substances (wood, etc.) have a wide rane due to different compositions. Do not compute errors for these substances.
3 QUESTIONS: 1. The Earth can be considered a sphere of diameter 1.28 x 10 9 cm and mass 5.98 x rams. Calculate the averae density of Earth matter. =. The density of the rock sample used in this experiment is than the averae density of earth material. If the density of the rock sample is typical of rock material close to the earth surface, then interior rock must have density than surface rock. This is due to reater in the Earth's interior.
4 DATA SHEET: Table A. Densities of Reular Shaped Solids Object Mass () Dimensions (cm) Volume (cm ) (/cm ) L= lass block W= H= metal L= D= metal sphere D= wooden sphere D= Volume of block ( lenth)( width)( heiht) LDH Volume of.14( diameter) 4 2 ( lenth) 2 D L 4 Volume of sphere.14 ( diameter) 6 D 6 mass volume Table B. Densities of Irreular Shaped Solids Object Mass () Water level (ml) Volume (cm ) cm metal final = initial = difference = rock sample final = initial = difference =
5 Table C. Densities of Liquids Substance Mass () Volume (cm ) cm plus liquid = water = liquid = plus liquid = alcohol = liquid = Table D. Comparison of Densities Substance Experimental (/cm ) Accepted (/cm ) % Error Table E. Densities of Substances (accepted value) Substance (/cm ) Substance (/cm ) air zinc 7.1 wood (pine) tin 7. alcohol (ethyl) 0.79 steel 7.8 water 1.0 brass 8.4 lass copper 8.9 aluminum 2.7 lead 11.
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