Foundations of the American Political System
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1 Foundations of the American Political System Warm Up: Why does the government exist? What would the US be like if there were no government? How would your life be different if there were no government?
2 Essential Features of a State The four essential features of a state include: population the people territory established boundaries sovereignty supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries government central institution United States Acquisitions
3 What Is the State? A state is a political community in a precise territory. A state has sovereignty meaning that its government makes and enforces its own laws without approval from any other authority. A nation refers to a sizable group of people united by common race, language, custom or religion.
4 Purposes of Government There are four primary purposes of government. Maintaining social order: Governments resolve conflicts to make civilized life possible. Providing public services: Governments provide services that make community life possible. Providing security and defense: Governments protect the people against attack by other states and other threats. Providing for the economy: Governments pass laws that shape the economic environment.
5 Purpose: Individual Needs vs. Common Good Common good good of the community as a whole When do we act in favor of the common good on a daily basis? If I were ordering pizza for the whole class, would I just order my favorite (and we will pretend my favorite is anchovies with pineapple) or - would I get something that the class as a whole would enjoy (like plain cheese or pepperoni)? What if one person doesn t eat meat? Acting in favor of the common good puts the group before the individual. Why is this a good thing? What is more important, the common good or the individual need?
6 ! What different types of government are there? Hint- at least five! What are their main features? Positives/negatives! What form of government exists in the US?
7 ! Based on the will of the people and majority rule Direct Democracy Each member of the society or citizen has a say in each decision made by the government One person - one vote Example: Ancient Athens Greece Representative Democracy Members of the society choose a person to represent their interests in the government Representative can be voted out of office Example- USA
8 ! A government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or power! This power may not always be exercised openly. Oligarchs sometimes prefer to remain the power behind the throne.! A modern example of oligarchy could be seen in South Africa during the 20 th century where oligarchy was based on racism.
9 ! A government ruled by a single leader who has unlimited power and denies peoples fundamental rights. Dictatorship: One person has complete control over all decisions Power is not automatically hereditary Examples: Nazi Germany & North Korea Monarchy: King or Queen rule for life and power remains within a family. There are two types: Absolute: Monarch has total power Louis the 14 th of France Limited or Constitutional: Power is limited by law Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain FLREA 2012
10 ! More accurately described as economic systems where resources are controlled by the government and make decisions on their use and distribution This means that all things are owned by the government and shared by the people. The intention of this system is to ensure that everyone has equal access and property " However, this system can become corrupt quickly with the government removing all rights of the people FLREA 2012
11 ! Another type of government is anarchy. Anarchy is when there is a complete breakdown of government and the people fall into a start of chaos. There is no organization or control. FLREA 2012
12
13 ! The government of the US is directly influenced by philosophy of the Enlightenment period! Key Features include Social Contract Theory Consent of the Governed Limited Government Individual Liberty Religious freedom
14 POLITICAL THOUGHT! JOHN LOCKE ( ) " TABULA RASA: humans born with blank slate (equal) " People are born with natural rights " Government & public enter contract " Government is responsible to protect life, liberty, and property
15 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
16 Baron de Montesquieu separation of powers --3 branches of government
17 Voltaire: I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it Voltaire also believed there should be separation of church and state
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