I I. Protecting the Environment. A HANDBoOK FOR MANAGERS. Canada. I + I =~BS and Ocaana. Pechas 0\ 0rc::6ruls Canada

Transcription

1 , Potecting the Envionment A HANDBoOK FOR MANAGERS Januay =~BS and Ocaana Pechas 0\ 0c::6uls Canada Canada

2 The Fedeal Govenment has stated that sustainable development should be integated into all of its opeations. We ae a depatment that must demonstate ou envionmental leadeship within the Fedeal Govenment, within Canada, and intenationally. This handbook will seve as a tool to help you bette integate sustainable development and envionmental potection into you daily activities. t summaizes: what you need to know about esponsibility and liability unde Canadian envionmental legislation; and, whal you need to know to bette potect the envionment. The Geen Book is divided into two main sections. The fist chapte tells you why you need to potect the envionment and outlines the envionmental legislation that you need to know. t explains the concept of due diligence, an essential component of compliance with envionmental legislation Chaptes two to ten detail you envionmental esponsibilities on an issue-specific basis. We have included a glossay and a efeence section fo futhe eading. Fo specific infomation about the envionment, see the contact list at the end of this guide.,,, Potecting the Envionment i

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4 Peface... i Chapte Envionmental Potection.... WHY BE ENVRONMENTAY RESPONSBE?.... Shifting the Emphasis....2 What Must You Do? WHAT ARE THE KEY ENVRONMENTA NSTRUMENTS? Fisheies Act Canadian Envionmental Assessment Act (CEAA) Navigable Wates Potection Act (NWPA) Canadian Envionmental Potection Act (CEPA) Oceans Act Tanspotation of Dangeous Goods Act (TDGA) Altenative Fuels Act... : Canada Shipping Act and Actic Wates Pollution Pevention Act Fishing and Receation Habous Act Amendments to the Audito Geneal Act Wokplace Hazadous Mateials nfomation System (WHMS)... : National Fie Code Fedeal Halocabon Regulations Teasuy Boad Envionmental Policy Fie Potection Policy Povincial Envionmental egislation - Does it apply? WHAT S DUE DGENCE? You ae acting with due diligence if you:... 8 Potecting the Envionment iii

5 4. HOW DO DEA WTH MY ENVRONMENTA RESPONSBTES N MY DAY-TO-DAY ACTVTES? Eveyone should f you ae esponsible fo a building f you ae esponsible fo a laboatoy f you ae opeating a field station f you ae opeating a ship f you ae opeating a small caft habou f you ae planning new pojects o building new facilities f you ae decommissioning you building o opeation What if an nspecto Aives? What ae the Powes of the nspecto HOW DO MEASURE ENVRONMENTA PERFORMANCE?... 2 Chapte 2 Human Health HUMAN HEATH AND THE ENVRONMENT NOSE AND EECTROMAGNETC RRTANTS... 6 Chapte 3 Hazadous mateials THE SSUE: EMERGENCY AND SP RESPONSE THE SSUE: CONTAMNATED STE MANAGEMENT THE SSUE: HAZARDOUS MATERAS AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT THE SSUE: PCB MANAGEMENT THE SSUE: PESTCDE USE THE SSUES: ASBESTOS AND EAD Chapte 4 Ai issues THE SSUE: AR EMSSONS THE SSUE: OZONE-DEPETNG SUBSTANCES iv Table of Contents! l [ l

6 Chapte 5 Ocean Disposal THE SSUE: DREDGNG AND OCEAN DSPOSA Chapte 6 Facilities and Use management THE SSUE: ENVRONMENTA ASSESSMENT THE SSUE: AND USE THE SSUE: FUE STORAGE TANK MANAGEMENT THE SSUE: SNOW REMOVA OPERATONS Chapte 7 Solid Waste... 3S. THE SSUE: SOD WASTE MANAGEMENT... 3S 2. THE SSUE: BOMEDCA WASTE S Chapte 8 Wate &- Enegy Management THE SSUE: ENERGY AND WATER CONSERVATON THE SSUE: WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Chapte 9 Vehicle Fleet Management THE SSUE: VEHCES Chapte 0 Geen Office Pactices THE SSUE: GREEN OFFCE... 4 Potecting the Envionment V,!

7 Appendix A Fedeal Code of Envionmental Stewadship Appendix B Glossay Appendix C Refeence Mateial and Suggested Reading Appendix D Souces of nfomation... 5 Appendix E Envionmental Contacts in DFO vi Tab leo f Con ten t s [ ( [ l

8 Envionmental Potection you, as a ying out the addition, healthie.8 A Guide to June can develop sustainable npvpllol' (SDS) to build economic, social tal sustainability into the way thei business. A elated document, fo Geening Govenment Opeations guidelines fo fedeal depatments and agencies fo the integation of envionmental consideations into gaphic. suggests that each depatex,cee~~!ae equiements of fedeal ijll'~mdl sl:atlut,~~d egulations; emulate mll~li and pivate sectos; envionmental ll\l'vl~'\incuding envionmanagement constlucts the builds its it to coheently its Management in an EMS taking coecand egulatoy Stntp<'J is anothe institutionalizes all fedeal goveni'l'ojnlental potection is seen since it minimizes o of pollution in the fist place, be the most cost-effective option. is pat of the govenment's effot to emphasis and esouces fom contolling pollution to a moe poactive appoach, as shown in the following Potecting the Envionment

9 Shifting the Emphasis CONTRO & REMEDATE Clean-up Contol, REACT POllUTON PREVENTON Clean-up ANTCPATE Refeence: Envionment Canada, 995, Pollution Pevention Stategy.2 What Must You Do? As a manage with Fisheies and Oceans, it is you esponsibility to conseve, potect, and obey applicable legislation while caying out you job. You theefoe need to lean about cuent envionmental legislation and ensue compliance. You must also ensue that you staff do the same. Each manage must comply with fedeally applicable statutes and egulations. Envionmental planning, which includes egulatoy compliance, envionmental estoation, pollution pevention, and documentation is essential fo a sound envionmental pogam. Thee is an inceasing amount of fedeal legislation elating to potection of the envionment. Thee is also intenational, povincial and/o local legislation that could apply in cetain situations. While it is not always clea whethe o not we must comply with povincial legislation on fedeal lands, it is in ou own inteest to comply with the juisdication having the most stingent standads. t is in ou inteest to follow the spiit of the law fo the benefit of the envionment. n fact, non-compliance may esult in penalties including fines levied against the Depatment and its staff. 2 WHAT ARE THE KEY ENVRONMENTA NSTRUMENTS? As a manage in DFO, you ae esponsible fo pope envionmental management and fo ensuing that envionmental potection pocedues ae popely followed. You ae esponsible fo compliance, if you can say yes to anyone of the following statements: have financial authoity fo this opeation; have contol ove this opeation; o, conduct this opeation. The following is a list of most of the majo legislation that might apply to you. This list is not exhaustive and, as in any cases whee legal liability is a question, you ae advised to consult with depatmentalal legal sevices staff. 2. Fisheies Act The Fisheies Act govens most aspects of the fishing industy in Canada, such as licensing, methods of fishing, and the powes of fisheies offices. The habitat potection and pollution pevention povisions of the Fisheies Act ae intended to potect fish and fish habitat fom physical and chemical distubances. This Act is administeed by the Depatment of Fisheies and Oceans except fo the pollution pevention povisions which ae shaed with Envionment Canada. The Fisheies Act gives DFO egulatoy and enfocement esponsibilities with espect to fisheies and habitat management. DFO also has esponsibilities pusuant to the Canadian Envionmental Assessment Act (CEAA) to conduct envionmental assessments of pojects equiing appoval unde pescibed sections of the Fisheies Act and to povide infomation and knowledge to othe fedeal depatments with espect to fish and fish habitat when equested.. l 2 Envionmental Potection

10 The Fisheies Act applies to any hamful alteation of fish habitat and to opeations when spills and ongoing dischages may occu. t pohibits the deposit of deleteious substances in wate, o in a place that may esult in deleteious substances enteing wate fequented by fish, unless authoized to do so unde othe fedeal legislation o egulations (S.36(3». The tem "deleteious substance" is defined vey boadly in Section 34(). Howeve, substances not pescibed specifically by the egulations, such as diesel fuel, PCBs and sediments, have also been consideed by the couts to be deleteious. The Fisheies Act has a ange of penalties up to $M and 3 yeas impisonment. 2.2 Canadian Envionmental Assessment Act (CEAA) The Canadian Envionmental Assessment Act (CEAA) equies a self-assessment pocess, to ensue that the envionmental implications of fedeal undetakings ae fully consideed as ealy as possible in the poject planning pocess, and befoe any ievocable decisions ae taken. The CEAA applies whee a fedeal authoity: is the poponent of a poject (as defined unde CEAA); makes o authoizes any financial suppot o any othe fom of financial assistance; has the administation of the popety involved in a poject; o, pescibes o issues a pemit, licence o appoval which enables the poject to be caied out, including physical woks and activities. The CEAA equies that manages dealing with fedeal pojects: give caeful consideation to potential envionmental effects and impacts on human health befoe taking action o committing funds to cay out the poject in whole o in pat; pomote sustainable development with a view to achieving and/o maintaining a healthy envionment; ensue that all fedeal pojects ae evaluated fo significant advese effects on othe juisdictions; povide an oppotunity fo public paticipation in the envionmental assessment pocess; and ensue that assessments ae caied out in a co-odinated manne and eliminates unnecessay duplication. n addition to the CEAA thee s a Cabinet Diective, The Envionmental Assessment Pocess fo Policy and Pogam Poposals, equiing envionmental assessments be undetaken on fedeal policies and pogams. Envionmental assessments ae also conducted as pat of good management pactices unde the Fedeal Code of Envionmental Stewadship (see Appendix A). With espect to CEAA, DFO plays impotant oles, both as a poponent of its own pojects, and/o as the esponsible authoity in poviding expet infomation and knowledge to othe fedeal depatments on fish, fish habitat and navigation. DFO also fulfils an impotant ole as a esponsible authoity fo the conduct of envionmental assessments fo pojects equiing appoval unde cetain sections of the Fisheies Act (see 2., 2.3) and the Navigable Wates Potection Act (NWPA). Not only does DFO ensue that the CEAA is applied when it is tiggeed unde the Fisheies Act and the NWPA, but the Depatment is equied to povide input to othe fedeal depatment's CEAA sceening pocesses. This may occu even though DFO is not a egulatoy authoity but when a poposed poject could have some envionmental effect on a DFO aea of esponsibility. 2.3 Navigable Wates Potection Act (NWPA) The Navigable Wates Potection Act (NWPA), administeed by DFO, is designed to potect the public ight of navigation. n administeing the NWPA, Fisheies and Oceans is esponsible fo:,,, Potecting the Envionment 3

11 the appoval of any woks in, upon ove, unde, though o acoss any navigable wateway in Canada; the emoval of obstuctions to navigation, including unauthoized woks o othe obstuctions such as sunken o wecked vessels; and, egulating the povision and maintenance of lights, makes, etc. equied fo safe navigation duing and/o on completion of constuction of cetain woks. Fisheies and Oceans is to ensue that pio to building o placing of a wok which will substantially intefee with navigation, an envionmental assessment is completed in accodance with CEAA. Also, an envionmental assessment is equied unde CEAA pio to applying the emoval ode povisions of the NWPA. 2.4 Oceans Act Pat of the Oceans Act, which is entitled the Oceans Management Stategy, povides fo the development and implementation of a new appoach to the management of all activities occuing in o affecting the oceans. This section of the Act, which is applicable to all maine wates within fedeal juisdiction, also povides fo the development of integated management plans in estuaies, coastal and offshoe wates. The Act specifies that DFO is to facilitate and, whee appopiate, lead the development of these plans in collaboation with stakeholdes. DFO envionmental manages have two levels of esponsibilities. DFO manages, egulates and conducts activities which may have an impact on the maine ecosystems. The planning and management of these activities must be done in accodance with integated management plans. DFO must theefoe paticipate on an equal footing with othe stakeholdes when designing integated management plans. 4 Envionmental Potection DFO has the additional esponsibility to povide and to communicate the scientific and technical advice equied by plannes to make thei planning decisions (guided by the pecautionay appoach and the pinciples of sustainable development and integated management of the Act). This Act also povides fo the development of egulations with espect to the designation of Maine Potected Aeas and the pescibing of cetain activities within thei boundaies. t also povides fo the application of maine envionmental quality guidelines, citeia and standads though egulations in suppot of integated management plans and Maine Potected Aeas. DFO must ensue that these egulations ae adheed to by all. 2.5 Canadian Envionmental Potection Act (CEPA) The Canadian Envionmental Potection Act (CEPA) empowes the fedeal govenment to potect human health and the envionment fom the isks associated with the use of chemicals and fom exposue to toxic substances. Pat of the Act deals with toxic substances, and sets out how substances ae to become designated as toxic. Once designated, they may be subject to egulation. Schedule of the Act lists the substances which ae designated as toxic and details thei egulatoy estictions. Pat V of CEPA (Sections 52 to 60,) applies specifically to fedeal depatments, agencies, cown copoations, and thei activities and lands. The eason that Pat V was ceated is that the "fedeal house" is not nomally egulated unde povincial law. Unde Section 52 of the Act, "fedeal woks o undetakings" mean any activity within the legislative authoity of Paliament, including a wok, undetaking o business opeated o caied on fo, o in connection with navigation and shipping, whethe inland o maitime, including the opeation of ships and tanspotation by ship. n addition, ( [, [, i, i l

12 DFO manages ae esponsible fo ensuing that wok caied out unde contact is executed in an envionmentally safe manne. Pat V also allows Envionment Canada to make egulations to contol pollution fom fedeal activities which ae not expessly coveed by anothe statute. This could include egulations to contol sewage disposal, fuel stoage, o spill epoting and esponse, as well as waste management. Section 57 equies any peson whose popety is affected by the elease of a toxic substance to epot the contamination to a CEPA inspecto. Fedeal depatments and fedeal employees must epot all anticipated o actual eleases of egulated toxic substances, and to take all easonable measues to pevent the elease o mitigate thei effects. Seveal guidelines and egulations exist unde CEPA which povide clea diection to the cuent fedeal envionmental compliance pogam. These diections include initiatives govening fuel stoage tank systems, PCBs and glycol.. Pat V of the Act contols the disposal of wastes at sea. A pemit is equied fo disposal of any substance at sea othe than nomal dischages fom a ship, platfom, etc. A seies of changes to CEPA ae expected soon. The evised CEPA will stengthen the pollution pevention components of the 988 CEPA, and place new emphasis on the contol of toxic substances. Additional egulations will be developed to incease the coveage of CEPA and to coect egulatoy gaps and ovelaps with othe juisdictions. As a manage, it is you esponsibility to be familia with the laws and egulations petaining to the envionment and human health. You must also keep appised of new egulations and the pogess of the evisions to CEPA. CEPA has penalties up to $M and 3 yeas impisonment. 2.6 Tanspotation of Dangeous Goods Act (TOGA) The pupose of the Tanspotation of Dangeous Goods Act (TDGA) is to pomote public safety and health by defining safety standads fo intenational and intepovincial tanspot of dangeous poducts by oad, ail, sea o ai. The Act's egulations apply to all handling and tanspotation of dangeous goods, fom packaging at thei point of oigin, to delivey, to thei final destination. The TDGA, which is administeed by Tanspot canada, imposes compehensive duties on pesons dealing with goods and modes of tanspot to popely egiste, apply safety maks, package and to document dangeous goods. The Act also equies that oganizations tain staff, epot dangeous occuences, and take emegency measues in the event of dangeous occuences. 2.7 Altenative Fuels Act The Altenative Fuels Act equies that fedeal depatments, agencies, and cown copoations opeate thei vehicles on one of the identified altenative fuels, whee it is cost effective and opeationally feasible to do so. The altenative fuels ae ethanol, methanol, popane, natual gas, hydogen and electicity. The Act also details spedfic equiements with espect to the puchase of new vehicles. 2.8 Canada Shipping Act and Actic Wates Pollution Pevention Act The Canada Shipping Act (CSA) is administeed by the Maine Safety Diectoate of Tanspot Canada. Howeve, DFO etains esponsibility fo cetain sections of the CSA (Pats XV and XV), specifically vessel taffic systems, aids to navigation, "eceive of Weck" and emegency esponse. The CSA is concened with all aspects of ship safety, the potection of the maine envionment Potecting the Envionment 5! (!

13 ' fom ship-souce pollution. The Actic Wate Pollution Pevention Act, which is jointly administeed by the Depatment of ndian and Nothen Affais and Tanspot Canada, elates specifically to the potection of the maine envionment fom ship-souce pollution in wates noth of 60" and sets standads fo hull designs fo ships that navigate though ice in actic wates. The objectives of these Acts ae accomplished though the development, application and enfocement of egulations govening ship constuction, inspection, opeation, staffing and pollution contol. The egulations addess specific issues such as sewage dischage, ai emissions, gabage handling, and the dischage of oily waste. Pats of CSA, including small caft and fishing vessel inspection, ae administeed by DFO staff. 2.9 Fishing and Receation Habous Act The Fishing and Receation Habous Act and its egulations contain specific efeences to envionmental mattes with espect to habou administation, including the use of hazadous mateials, disposal of gabage o wastes, disposal of sewage, and the tansfe of fuel. The habou manage must designate an aea fo egulated activities and/o povide specific authoization as appopiate. 2.0 Amendments to the Audito Geneal Act n esponse to a epot of the House of Commons Standing Committee on the Envionment and Sustainable Development, the Audito Geneal Actwas amended in Decembe 995, establishing a new Commissione of the Envionment and Sustainable Development and new stuctues fo epoting to Paliament. The Commissione of the Envionment 6 Envionmen tal Potection and Sustainable Development will monito and epot annually to Paliament on the fedeal govenment's pefomance in meeting depatmental and govenment-wide sustainable development goals. Ministes wee equied to table thei espective sustainable development stategies (SDS) and action plans with Paliament in Decembe of 997. The stategies must then be updated evey thee yeas. 2. Wokplace Hazadous Mateials nfomation System The Wokplace Hazadous Mateials nfomation System (WHMS) came into effect on Octobe 3, 988 unde joint fedeal and povincial legislative authoity. The pupose of WHMS is to povide Canadian wokes with infomation about hazadous mateials in thei wokplaces. The national WHMS pogam is govened by thee fedeal Acts: the Hazadous Poducts Act, the Canada abou Code, and the Hazadous Mateials nfomation Review Act, and by povincial Occupational Health and Safety Acts. The thee key elements of WHMS ae: labelling of hazadous mateials in a pescibed manne; povision by supplies of mateial safety data sheets (MSDS), and, employe education and taining of wokes. WHMS is one of the most useful tools fo manages and wokes in tems of human health potection. WHMS is fist and foemost a system of communication, and is designed to ensue that isks of injuy and illness fom toxins and contaminants ae minimized. The key to educed health isk is knowledge and pevention. [ [ [ l [

14 2.2 National Fie Code The National Fie Code (NFC) compises a model set of technical equiements designed to povide an acceptable level of fie pevention and fie potection within a community. The NFC includes standads fo the conduct of activities that ceate fie hazads, maintenance of fie safety equipment and fie exits, standads fo potable extinguishes, limitations on building contents, and the establishment of fie safety plans, including the oganization of supevisoy staff fo emegency puposes. 2.3 Fedeal Halocabon Regulations Halocabon egulations will apply to the opeation and maintenance of efigeation, ai conditioning, fie extinguishing, and/o solvent cleaning systems. The egulations, when in foce, will equie egula maintenance by qualified pesonnel in ode to pevent the elease of ozone-depleting substances into the atmosphee. 2.4 Teasuy Boad Envionmental Policy (Real Popety Volume, Chapte -8) Teasuy Boad's envionmental policy gives geneal instuctions on the envionmental management of fedeal sites. t efes in paticula to the Canadian govenment's commitment to manage and dispose of its popeties by especting the pinciple of sustainable development. Section 5 states: 5. "Depatments must administe eal popety in a manne consistent with the pinciple of sustainable development. n doing so, depatments ae expected to maintain infomation as waanted by the isk to the envionment associated with popeties in thei potfolio". 5.2 "Befoe acquiing a popety, depatments must ascetain the envionmental condition of the popety and detemine whethe it is o can be made envionmentally compatible with its intended use". 5.3 "Befoe disposing of eal popety, depatments must ascetain the envionmental condition of the popety. Depatments must also detemine whethe emediation is necessay" "n disposing of popety that the depatment has decided needs emediation, it may be advantageous to have the paty acquiing the popety cay out emediation. n this case the depatment must take steps to ensue that the acquiing paty, as pat of the tansaction, guaantees that the emediation will be completed within a easonable length of time." 5.4 "n ganting leases, licenses and easements on fedeal eal popety, depatments must ensue that the ageement povides fo only uses that ae consistent with the envionmental condition of the popety". 2.5 Fie Potection Policy (document of Human Resouces Development Canada) The Fie Pevention staff, as the fedeal govenment's technical authoity on fie potection, ae esponsible fo the administation and enfocement of the Teasuy Boad policy, standads and those codes and egulations that cove fie potection unde the Canada abou Code. The mandate of the Fie Pevention Unit is to ensue the potection, consevation and minimization of isks to life, popety and the Govenment's financial position. The Fie Pevention activities ae caied out unde a numbe of authoities, namely: Boad policy on Fie Potection, nvestigating and Repoting; Potecting the Envionment 7

15 Submissions egading fie potection engineeing and inspection sevices fo majo public Band buildings with Teasuy Boad and ndian Affais and Nothen Development; Memoanda of Undestanding fo the povision of fie potection engineeing sevices to Cown copoations; Canada abou Code and its pusuant Canada Occupational Safety and Health Regulations t is of inteest to DFO because it equies that the Fie Potection Sevices goup at Human Resouces Development Canada be kept appised of all mattes which have fie potection concens, i.e. fuel stoage tanks. 2.6 Povincial Envionmental legislation - Does it apply? n geneal most povincial statutes do not apply to fedeal individuals o agencies. Thee ae exceptions to this howeve and DFO employees ae ad vised o seek claification fom depatmental legal sevices. 3 WHAT S DUE DGENCE? Due diligence is a ecuent theme in envionmental potection. t means that whethe you ae acting as a pivate citizen o as a public employee, you must execise easonable cae accoding to existing legislated equiements. Due diligence is the key issue when a manage o a depatment is chaged fo having damaged the envionment. A citical aspect of seveal envionmental acts, such as the Fisheies Act and the Canadian Envionmental Potection Act (CEPA), is the emphasis on the concept of individual esponsibility and liability. ndividual manages with cae of, o contol ove an activity o facility, must execise due diligence to potect the envionment. Damage to the envionment does not always esult in human health impacts that ae obvious to the untained obseve; howeve, Canadian and intenational legislation and cout 8 Envionmental Potection decisions consistently ecognize that envionmental liability means liability fo human health. Acting with due diligence to potect the envionment inevitably means due diligence to potect human health as well. f an accident causing damage to the envionment should occu as a esult of you action (o lack of action) o the diection you gave (o failed to give) to people who epot to you, you might have to pove in cout that you did execise due diligence and easonable cae to potect the envionment. n such cicumstances you, as an individual, may be chaged unde applicable legislation o might be sued fo compensatoy damages in ciminal legal action. n ode to fully undestand these issues you should consult depatmental legal sevices. 3. You ae likely acting with due diligence if you: have taken all easonable steps to ensue that the envionment is potected and that legislation is complied with; have envionmental policies which ae applied consistently thoughout you opeations and updated egulaly; (the mee existence of a policy does not constitute due diligence.) ae adequately tained to pefom you esponsibilities invite govenment inspections o willingly submit to them; and ensue that staff take easonable cae to potect the envionment. Manages must emembe that envionmental inspectos apply the law to fedeal depatments as they do to industies and copoations. ndividuals and govenment depatments can be found guilty of an envionmental offence even if the" copoation" has not been posecuted. n othe wods, you as manage, could be esponsible fo an envionmental offence and be chaged. Detailed claification of these issues should be sought fom depatmental legal sevices. [ [

16 HOW DO DEA WTH 4.2 f you ae esponsible fo 4 MY ENVRONMENTA a building... RESPONSBTES N MY Know what happens to the wastewate DAY-TO-DAY ACTVTES? that leaves you facility. Conseve enegy and wate, and tack 4. Eveyone should... thei use. Fo evey activity you undetake, fist Keep an inventoy of all hazadous conside the envionmental and health mateials and stoe them popely. f it is impacts of that activity. necessay to keep bulk quantities, they f you handle chemicals, cleaning should be stoed in a special facility. solvents, paints, fuel poducts, acid- Registe and monito closely the condicontaining batteies, you must be tion of all fuel tanks. concened with hazadous mateial, Manage popely all ozone-depleting waste pevention and management. substances such as those used in fie f you wok in an office you should be suppession systems, efigeatos and concened with geen office pactices. ai conditiones. f you plan pojects o activities, o Ensue that you supply staff know how develop o wite policy you should to select chemicals, solvents, and othe conduct an envionmental assessment. poducts judiciously, choosing the most You should contibute to enegy efficien- envionmentally fiendly poducts cy and solid waste eduction though available. you daily pactices and equipment use. Ensue that all you pesonnel is popely You should ensue that all you pesonnel tained and awae of envionmental conae popely tained and awae of elevant cens associated with thei specific jobs. envionmental concens. When puchasing mateials, look fo the 4.3 f you ae esponsible fo moe envionmentally-fiendly choice, a laboatoy... such as those poducts with the Ecoogo Ensue that even small quantities of labolabel. atoy hazadous mateials ae labelled, You should take the time to lean about inventoied, and managed popely. the envionmental impacts of you wok, Manage you fish wastes and cultues as to pactice what you have leaned, and biological wastes. to tell othes. Ensue pope disposal of hazadous You must know how to execute an chemical wastes and do not pou unteatemegency esponse in case of an envied laboatoy chemicals down the dain. onmental emegency in you wok aea. Avoid using ozone-depleting substances as solvents o fo cleaning. Caefully maintain those efigeatos and cooles which contain ozone-depleting substances. Keep envionmental consideations in mind when selecting chemicals, solvents, and cleaning poducts. Potecting the Envionment 9 '

17 nvestigate and use pollution pevention + Povide pope taining to all you pesontechniques and technologies. nel and incease awaeness of envionmen- Povide pope taining fo all you tal concens associated with specific jobs. pesonnel. Maintain you equipment popely and Be eady fo emegency esponse and/o egulaly fo maximum fuel efficiency clean-up in case a chemical is spilled. and minimized ai emissions. Manage hazadous mateials such as fuel, sol- 4.4 f you ae opeating a field vents, and cleaning poducts with geat cae station... to avoid spills into maline envionment., Be awae of unique egulatoy equiements Sepaate diffeent types of waste (including specific to you opeating aea. oily waste wate) on you ship and manage Be awae of Significant and sensitive them accoding to equiements. ecosystems in you opeating aea. Be awae of all standads govening the Povide pope taining to all you management of black and gey waste pesonnel and incease awaeness of wate, and have waste wate management [" envionmental concens associated with systems tested to confim that they ae specific jobs. functioning popely. Review methods of handling, stoing and Tain and execise pesonnel egulaly disposing of wastes egulaly, to assue thei pepaedness fo an Ensue that special pecautions ae taken emegency esponse in case of a spill. and all amounts and types caied ae Be awae that dischaging waste o ' inventoied when hazadous mateials gabage in any wates is pohibited by ae in tansit. law. This includes: Be pepaed to execute an emegency hazadous wastes fom cleaning solesponse in case of a spill. vents, anti-feeze and lubicants; biological wastes fom the ship clinic 4.5 f you ae opeating a ship... o maine specimens fom ship laboatoies; and, Consult the Ships Envionmental Manual domestic solid waste such as metal, DFO/5326 and Coast Guad Fleet Ode glass, pape and plastic, emembeing [ (Envionmental Potection) fo that plastic waste is a special maine moe detailed infomation in this concen. subject aea. Be awae of significant and sensitive ecosystems on you oute and any special 4.6 f you ae opeating a small caft pecautions that may be equied. habou... Know egulatoy equiements fo wates Know that you tenants and othe uses o habous you may visit. ae subject to the same envionmental Keep appised of national and intena- standads as you ae. tional maine legislation especting the Take coective action if past activities at envionment such as the Oceans Act, the habou have contaminated the site. and MARPO 73/78. l Undestand that all dedging activities o ~ ean to impove fuel efficiency, educe physical changes at the wate line equie emissions, and make use of altenative fuels an envionmental assessment, and may in upgades and new puchases of ships. equie a pemit fom DFO and, Envionment Canada. : 0 Envionmental Potection

18 Manage wastes and hazadous mateials at o nea the habou. Remembe that ceosote is a hazadous mateial and pecautions must be taken to pevent it fom leaching fom ceosoteteated wood. Keep in mind that fuel stoage and tansfe opeations ae a special concen because of possible spills into the maine ecosystem. Tain you staff and tenants to execute an emegency esponse in case of a spill, including spills fom you own activities. 4.7 f you ae planning new pojects o building new facilities... Know that most new constuction pojects equie a sceening assessment as stipulated in the CEAA. Remembe that submissions of policy fo ministeial consideation may need to be sceened. Know that an envionmental assessment allows you to identify mitigation and monitoing measues fo incopoation into you envionmental management system. Specify envionmentally-fiendly poducts and initiate enegy efficiency, wate use eduction, ecycling and euse opeations, etc. duing the design stage of new constuction. 4.8 f you ae decommissioning you building o opeation... Be awae that you envionmental esponsibilities, including monitoing, maintenance and secuity, continue until owneship is officially tansfeed. Be sue that the funding fo pope decommissioning has been identified and allocated. Attempt to identify ecycling and euse options fo equipment and facilities. nvestigate and assess the oveall envionmental status of any popety pio to tansfe and detemine the emediation measues that may be equied. Be sue to emove all hazadous mateials and all types of waste and aange fo thei pope disposal. Empty any PCB waste stoage sites in accodance with egulations. Have licensed pesonnel popely dain ozone-depleting substances fom equipment pio to its disposal. Conduct an envionmental assessment of the futue opeation (even if it is not a govenment opeation) if it involves a poject as defined unde CEAA o decommissioning activities such as building demolition. 4.9 What if an nspecto Aives? The Fisheies Act and CEPA have stict povisions fo compliance and enfocement. nspectos ae empoweed by these Acts to conduct inspections and investigations. nspections may also be conducted unde othe Acts such as TDGA, NFC, o the abou Code. While inspectos may call in advance of a planned visit, they may also aive unexpectedly. n that case, what should you do? Fist, attempt to ascetain whethe the official wishes to conduct an inspection o an investigation. Thee is a citical diffeence between the two in that the official does not have the same powes unde the law when conducting a simple inspection athe than an investigation. An inspection is pefomed by an inspecto, and its pupose is to detect poblems and ensue that an activity o facility is in compliance with the law. An investigation is pefomed by an enfocement office o investigato when thee ae easonable gounds to believe that an offence has taken place. This may occu when an inspecto, in the couse of a outine inspection, detemines that thee is a non-compliant Potecting the Envionment t l j

19 condition. At that time, the inspecto may teminate the inspection, possibly depat the popety and then etun to the facility as an enfocement office to conduct an investigation. Evidence gatheed in the couse of an investigation may be used to suppot the posecution of an individual o entity. 4.0 What ae the Powes of the nspecto? The inspecto conducting an envionmental inspection has extensive and intusive powes ganted by CEPA and the Fisheies Act. n ode to detect poblems and ensue that an activity o facility is in compliance with the law, the inspecto may ente any place without a waant and examine any books o ecods fo the pupose of inspection. 5 HOW DO MEASURE ENVRON MENTA PERFORMANCE? The envionmental audit is the most effective tool available to povide assuance that opeations ae being conducted in compliance with envionmental expectations. Audits also demonstate that you oganization is stiving fo continuous impovement in envionmental pefomance. Both intenal inspections and moe fomal, extenal envionmental audits ae pat of a good compliance pogam. They should be included in egula maintenance and opeation costs, and povided fo though nomal budget pocesses. These audits should be pefomed evey two to thee yeas on ships and facilities. Thee ae two categoies of audits - one you do youself, both fomally and infomally, and anothe that you have done by someone else. 2 Envionmental Potection ntenal nspection: A management walk aound is the fist level of casual inspection. t should be undetaken by manages, on an oppotunistic basis, using a simple checklist as a pompt fo questions and evidence to be examined. Being alet and inquisitive duing any type of walk aound is essential to assuing compliance. As an envionment manage you should conduct and document actions and pogess ove a twelve-month peiod, employing a full envionmental audit potocol. Envionmental Audits: Fomal audits should be undetaken on a scheduled, otational basis, employing a team of qualified envionmental auditos. To bing a boad level of awaeness and skills to the audit team, its membes should include pesonnel dawn fom the subject facility as well as fom othe facilities, headquates o outside consultants. The team should have some independence fom the facility's authoity in ode to povide objectivity and cedibility. t is ecommended to use outside consultants when intenal expetise is limited, when dealing with high isk facilities o when a cleae demonstation of due diligence is equied. n all cases, a witten epot should be made and acted upon. Acting upon identified aeas of non-compliance is a key component of due diligence.

20 N EACH OF THE FOOWNG SSUES THERE ARE A NUMBER OF HGHY PERTNENT ACTONS THAT A MANAGER MUST DO AND SHOUD DO. Must do... because you ae pesonally esponsible and liable and because the applicable envionmental legislation is binding fo all fedeal depatments and thei manages. Should do... because these actions ae consistent with fedeal govenment best pactices, and demonstate due diligence and good envionmental stewadship. Potecting the Envionment 3! J

21 ' 0 i ~ " '..

22 Human Health HUMAN HEATH AND THE ENVRONMENT to health concens. Exposue to contaminants though ai, wate, contact can esult in a wide ange of health lems and diseases, including lung disease, and eye poblems, poisoning, allegic eactions, neve damage, decease in mental and/o emotional functioning, genetic changes, defects, and cance, to list some examples Altenatively, sustainable development sound envionmental pactices can impove quality of ou life. Canadians have collsis:tenltl~ indicated, though opinion polls and othe eseach, that thei envil)mnel ~i.~~s. diectly linked to concens Ou national legislation since ty Canadian (CEPA) is an act that is enfoced by Health Canada. By pacticing stewadship in you job, you will you own health, the health of those unde you supevision, and ou collective health.. What Must Be Done Maintain an undestanding of, and be in compliance with CEPA, including being awae of the status of CEPA and its evisions. Ensue that the safety and health of evey peson employed at you wokplace is potected in accodance with the equiements of the Canada abou Code and othe applicable legislation. health is affected by the lucjnnen t in which we live. envionment can help us healthy lives. Pollution lmina'tes and degades innenlt. pesenting hazads to ou health. ~alna(fiql~s ae among in the wold, and 'OmmeJ~t helps to sustain lives. But theats to ou and consequently to ae pesent and must be vigilant. the povisions of Canadian,;t'i'pnt"" Assessment Act (CEAA). CEPA, CEAA is witten to potect both human health and the envionment. Follow and ensue compliance with all mandated activities identified in this handbook, ecognizing that envionmental potection is also potection of human health..2 What Should be Done Maintain and develop you knowledge and undestanding of potential envionmental contaminants within you facility. Be awae that those contaminants may esult in a wide ange of health poblems and diseases. Potecting the Envionment 5 l J

23 Develop an undestanding of the elationships among health, envionment, and isk. As fedeal govenment employees and manages, we ae esponsible fo ensuing that isks to the envionment and to human health ae identified, managed and minimized. Wokplace Hazadous Mateials nfomation System (WHMS) and its Mateial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) ae pevention oiented because they povide you with infomation about the ways in which mateials can be dangeous to human health and safety and ways to potect youself and you wokes fom associated hazads. n the event of an accident, MSDS identify specific emegency actions. Ensue that you employees ecognize the impotance of WHMS and encouage them to paticipate in any taining effots elated to woke potection. Make use of health and safety committees to spead the message. Be familia with the potential of human health isks to the boade community associated with you facility. Be familia with you oganization's emegency esponse plan, and ensue that those fo whom you ae esponsible ae awae of actions to be taken to potect the geneal public's health and safety in the event of an accident. 2 NOSE AND EECTROMAGNETC RRTANTS iitants. The Canada abou Code govens the imits of Human Exposue to Radiofequency Electomagnetic Fields, and the CPC Envionmental Assessment Pocess Associated with Spectum Management is published by ndusty Canada. Studies have shown that long-tem exposue to high o modeate intensities of some iitants can be hamful. 2. What Must Be Done Noise And Non-onizing Radiation Disupt Use And Enjoyment Of The ocal Envionment. n DFO, ship opeations ae the cause of most noise complaints. Ensue that sound levels and woke exposue to them ae contolled, and that sound intensities in the wok place ae within the limits set out in the Canada abou Code. Post waning signs if sound levels exceed the limits set out in the Code and/o when heaing potection is equied and/o when the identification of maximum exposue duation is equied. Povide heaing potection to wokes exposed to sounds that exceed the limits set out in the Code. 2.2 What Should Be Done Majo envionmental iitants include Noise levels at you facility should be vey loud noise levels and high-intensity adio fequency emissions. Noise pollution is an occupational health and safety hazad and causes identified, paticulaly fo souces of noise with high popagation chaacteistics. Souces o activities geneating excessive distubances to the public. Stingent limits ae outlined in the Canada abou Code. Non-ionizing adiation comes fom adio noise should be examined to detemine how the sound levels can be educed to toleable levels. and adiofequency tansmissions, such as those used extensively by DFO. Stong odous, lighting, o some visual aesthetics ae also consideed as 6 HUman Health Noise baies o noise attenuation techniques should be implemented to contol specific activities that geneate excessive noise...

24 Hazadous Mateials THE SSUE: lolv>loft'unl"., AND SP '",;,,-'''' Pehaps the measue is to take a spill fom UCCUl ment of ~lllcli~cllc. since it is moe cost em,cn tally appopiate to pevent clean them up. Emegency esponse Dfl'na,ecine having a well-eheased plan appopiate esouces. The equipment be used to tain available in the event ham the envionment. Pepaedness also quantities of basic esponse eqlipme,i~ to the level of isk in any aea ae avallja~ tol leaks, contain dischages and clean up An Emegency Response Plan is a pe,detenil~ eheased sequence of communications actions designed to deal quickly with vaious of envionmental emegencies. _ What Must Be Done Repot spills accoding to fedeal and applicable povincial equiements fo the substance and quantity eleased. Repot dischages to Pollution Pevention Offices fo spills into the maine envionment fom a vessel o a land-based facility. mon.l to accidents lanq(]le to pesonnel opeations Even a small 'gl'nc:y esponse plan UlalUY equiement Shipping Act and the Pepaedness Act. the Canada Shipping Act of the Revised Statutes ot designated oil handling focilitips to take easonable measues to Oil Pollution Emegency oil spill emegencies. has been designated diligence agument applies spiit of the law should be Response Plans should be peiodically and analyzed to the efficient and pope deploy... - ment of esouces when spills do occu., Potecting the Envionment 7

25 .2 What Should Be Done 2 Develop an Emegency Response Plan based on a isk assessment of you opeations fo you facility. t should cove esponses to fies, chemical spills, fuel spills, sevee stoms and othe theats. The Emegency Planning fo ndusty standad, developed by the Canadian Standads Association in collaboation with the Majo ndustial Accidents Council of Canada, would be paticulaly useful to all manages of DFO facilities. mplement an Emegency Response Pogam. t should include the taining of appopiate facility pesonnel and the maintenance of a list of appopiate equipment and tained espondes. Povision should be made fo taining execises. Recod all spills of hazadous mateials and hazadous waste. Details should include spill quantity, incident eview, and esulting coective action. Co-odinate the Emegency Response Plan with local and egional esponse povides and with DFO's national emegency pepaedness policy and planning. The facility might ente into mutual assistance ageements with extenal esponse povides. THE SSUE: CONTAMNATED STE MANAGEMENT A contaminated site management pogam is an impotant component of an envionmental management system. A good contaminated site management pogam allows ou Depatment to deal with histoic contamination in an economically sustainable manne. The cost of cleaning up a site is diectly elated to the choice of the emediation technology, which in tun is elated to the degee of ugency to clean up subsuface conditions. f 8 Hazadous Mateials adequate time is available, less costly emediation options can be used. n many cases an effective site management pogam can peclude the need to physically clean up a contaminated site. The legacy of contaminated sites dominates the fedeal envionmental pogam, and equies significant potions of the available funding. The cost of cleaning up all of the govenment of Canada's fuel contaminated sites is estimated to exceed $5 billion. 2. What Must Be Done Some DFO sites have been contaminated by leaking fuel tanks, mecuy spills at lighthouses, poo handling of hazadous mateial, and the use of contaminated fill. One lite of oil can contaminate many thousands of lites of wate. Contamination fom poo fuel and waste disposal pactices continues to damage ou envionment and theaten ou health. Pevent off-site migation of contaminants. Conduct studies of popety and facilities to detemine the chaacteistics of contamination. Document these studies as pat of the execise of due diligence. Act on the esults and mitigate the contamination. Communicate with fedeal and povincial egulatos. Repot to Envionment Canada and povincial officials any such migation of contaminants since they ae consideed as a hazadous mateial spill, which must be epoted. l.

26 ,, 2.2 What Should Be Done Conduct Phase Envionmental Site Assessments of all popeties to detemine the potential fo contamination at the popety o identify Aea of Potential Envionmental Concen (APEC). Conduct Phase Contaminated Site Assessments of all aeas suspected of being contaminated. f necessay, emediate contaminated soil and goundwate to levels consistent with the Canadian Council of Ministes of the Envionment (CCME) land use citeia. Aim fo long-tem site emediation and the potection of human health and the envionment. Use detailed qualitative and quantitative isk assessments to detemine the appopiate clean-up level needed to potect the envionment and human health. Place emphasis on potecting human health and the envionment, on egulatoy compliance and mitigate potential envionmental impacts duing the emediation pocess. Though the use of contols such as a containment system, ensue that contaminants do not migate off site. Conduct confimation sampling and/o long-tem monitoing of all contaminants left in place at known contaminated sites including, if appopiate, any suounding lands o wateways. Ensue that site estoation and land eclamation techniques ae consistent with best pactices and ae detemined in consultation with local esidents. Maintain ecods of all investigations, sampling, and monitoing fo futue efeence. Appise local officals and inteest goups of any emediation plans and pogams. n aeas which may be affected by and Claim Settlements with aboiginal goups, consult with aboiginal land use planning committees, wild life management boads, etc., egading pioities, pocedues and cultual consideations. Contaminated Site Remediation and Risk Management Pocess Aeas of Potential Envionmental Concen (APEC) highlighted duing the Phase investigation ae evaluated in the peliminay Poblem Fomulation of the isk assessment. Chemical concentations ae compaed to backgound o guidelines. Aeas whee concentations exceed guidelines ae deemed Aeas of Envionmental Concen (AEC). The peliminay poblem fomulation is also used to develop a conceptual undestanding of the site, highlight data gaps and focus the moe detailed site investigation.,, Potecting the Envionment 9

27 The assessment pocess also povides 'stop' points whee the poject team can e-evaluate whethe futhe planned wok is waanted based on the latest intepetation of the data. The pocess also includes a numbe of decision points that ae used to evaluate options and identify the most cost-effective couse to the desied outcome. 3 THE SSUE: HAZARDOUS MATERAS AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT The Canada Hazadous Poducts Act (HPA) defines thee types of hazadous poducts: pohibited, esticted, and contolled. The Wokplace Hazadous Mateials nfomation System (WHMS) unde the HPA applies to contolled poducts in fedeal establishments, ships and aicaft. Contolled poducts include a wide ange of poducts, substances, chemicals and biological mateials found in the wokplace. DFO uses all six classes of contolled poducts, namely:. Compessed Gas; 2. Flammable and Combustible Mateial; 3. Oxidizing Mateial; 4. Poisonous and nfectious Mateial; 5. Coosive Mateial; and, 6. Dangeously Reactive Mateial. The fedeal govenment's Toxic Substances Management Policy calls fo vitual elimination fom the envionment of pesistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances esulting fom human activity. t also calls fo full life-cycle (cadle-togave) management of all othe substances eleased into the envionment, with a focus on pollution pevention. These egulations apply to all mateials on site, whethe they belong to DFO, to a tenant o to a contacto woking on DFO popety. When hazadous mateial is no longe equied it becomes hazadous waste. Tanspotation, stoage and disposal of hazadous waste ae subject to simila egulations which must be followed with the same igou. 20 Hazadous Mateials mpopely handled hazadous mateials ae moe than a compliance issue they theaten both human health and the envionment. n DFO hazadous mateials ae pat of daily activities. They can be found in laboatoies, maintenance shops, cleaning cabinets and on ships. They ae used to maintain ou facilities and equipment and as fuel. 3. What Must Be Done Keep an up-to-date inventoy of all hazadous mateials used at you facility. Handle all hazadous mateials and waste in an appopiate manne. This means that the following ae obseved: manufactues' instuctions; mateial safety data sheets (MSDS); fedeal and/o povincial egulations; and wokplace safety egulations (including WHMS). Give WHMS taining to pesonnel who might be exposed to hazadous mateials and waste in the wokplace. Comply with the Tanspotation of Dangeous Goods Act when packaging hazadous mateials fo tanspotation and tanspoting o shipping them. Cay the egulated waning labels and placads when tanspoting hazadous mateial, including the manifest fo wastes - a shipping document which must identify the consigno, consignee, initial caie and destination. Hazadous wastes must be manifested. Pesonnel ae not pemitted to ship, handle, tanspot o fill out shipping documents unless they have eceived taining specifically fo these undetakings. The peson tained must cay a cetificate indicating what they have been tained fo unde the TDGA, and this cetification must be enewed egulaly. [

28 Hazadous waste must be segegated and disposed of in an appoved manne. Any wok contacted fo the disposal of hazadous waste must be done by cetified waste haules and handles. dentify all dangeous goods stoed indoos with appopiate placads. Meet all equiements of the National Fie Code elating to the stoage of flammable and combustible mateials, explosives, compessed gas cylindes and eactive, coosive and oxidizing mateials. 3.2 What Should Be Done Keep you inventoy of hazadous mateial up-to-date, and indicate the type, quantity, and location of all hazadous mateials used and stoed at you facility. The inventoy should be kept on site as pat of the facility's envionmental emegency plan. Eliminate o educe the use of toxic substances though a thoough eview of why they ae used. This will help to eliminate o educe the geneation of hazadous waste. Keep only small amounts of chemicals and waste to educe the chance of accidents and to minimize stoage equiements. Segegate waste oil and dispose of it though an appoved ecycle. The ecommendation in the CCME Code of Pactice fo Used Oil Management should be obseved. Maintain accuate ecods of quantities of hazadous waste eceived, stoed, and/o shipped. Summaize these ecods annually. mplement a pollution pevention plan and assess oppotunities fo changing aw mateials o modifying pocesses in ode to poduce less hazadous waste. A geen pocuement pogam, which evaluates the chemical popeties of substances pio to thei puchase should be implemented. 4 THE SSUE: PCB MANAGEMENT Polychloinated biphenyls (PCBs) ae synthetic chemical compounds consisting of chloine, cabon, and hydogen. PCBs ae elatively fie-esistant, vey stable, do not conduct electicity, and have low volatility at nomal tempeatues. These and othe popeties have made them desiable components in a wide ange of industial and consume poducts such as electical tansfomes, fluoescent light ballasts and paints. PCBs may be found in contaminated sites and contaminated dedging mateial. Thei exteme esistance to chemical and biological beakdown allows them to accumulate in living oganisms and thus makes them an envionmental concen. Some of the epoted health effects associated with sustained and high-level exposue to PCBs ae a sevee fom of acne called chloacne, eye dischage, swelling of the uppe eyelids, changes in skin colou, numbness of the ams and legs, weakness, muscle spasms, and chonic bonchitis. PCB egulations outline specific minimum stoage equiements fo PCB waste, including contolled access to PCB stoage sites, fie potection and emegency pocedues, maintenance and inspection, labelling equiements, and ecods and epoting equiements. PCBs ae egulated toxic substances. DFO has few PCBs. They ae mainly contained in old light ballasts o small capacitos in electical equipment. Potecting the Envionment 2!!

29 4. What Must Be Done Place capacitos, tansfomes, and othe PCB-containing equipment emoved fom use and awaiting disposal in leak-poof containes, which meet the equiements of TDGA and CEPA. Containes ae specified in the Stoage of PCB Mateials Regulations. Ensue that PCB waste stoage sites meet the equiements of the TDGA and CEPA. Send PCB wastes only to licensed disposal facilities, and ship wastes in stict accodance with TDGA equiements. The emoval o eceipt of majo items o quantities of PCB equipment and mateial must be epoted to Envionment Canada within 30 days. The emoval o eceipt of small capacitos containing less than SOO gams of PCBs should be epoted semi-annually on the following Januay o July. 4.2 What Should Be Done Using an up-to-date inventoy, you should pepae a phase-out plan fo all equipment containing PCBs, such as electical ballasts in lights and tansfome capacitos. PCB wastes should be sent to disposal facilities, athe than left in stoage. The disposal of PCBs is egulated fo fedeal agencies. Destuction of fedeal PCB wastes cannot be caied out unless thee is compliance with CEPA's Fedeal Mobile PCB Teatment and Destuction Regulations. Recods should be kept of all PCB data, pio to decommissioning PCB-containing equipment. 22 H a z a d 0 us M Q t e ia 5 When closing a PCB stoage site, you should consult the guidelines which Public Woks and Govenment Sevices Canada has pepaed to assist fedeal depatments. 5 THE SSUE: PESTCDE USE A pest is any injuious o toublesome oganism, such as insects o bacteia, which advesely affects the well-being of humans o animals, which may attack buildings, supplies, equipment, o vegetation, o is othewise consideed undesiable. A pesticide is a substance o mixtue of substances, including biological agents, which ae used to contol, pevent, destoy, attact- o epel pests diectly. These include insecticides, anti-foulants, hebicides, fungicides, odenticides, disinfectants, and plant gowth egulatos. Pesticides ae usually toxic chemicals that must be stoed and handled with cae. Depending on thei popeties and pattens of use, pesticides may leach though soils and contaminate gound-wate, especially whee the wate table is close to the suface and/o soils ae highly pemeable. ntegated pest management is a compehensive appoach to the pevention, elimination o contol of pests. Pope pest management is based on full utilization of the knowledge of the habitat and natual histoy of a pest; an undestanding of the inte-elationships between the pest population and the ecosystem; the availability of plantings, building mateials o stuctual designs less pone to pest infestations o damage; and the use of the most appopiate biological, cultual and chemical techniques. } 'i

30 mpopely handled o used pesticides can damage the envionment and ae a theat to human health. n DFO, pesticides and hebicides ae used in gounds maintenance, to clean equipment and buoys, to pevent pest damage to ships and facilities and as antifoulants. 5. What Must Be Done ndividuals applying pesticides must be cetified and licensed by the appopiate egulatoy agency. Confim the validity of the documentation pio to the beginning of the application. Do not allow the use of a pesticide unless it is egisteed unde Canada's Pest Contol Poducts Act. All chemical aeas must be secue and clealy maked in accodance with egulations. 5.2 What Should Be Done Evaluate non-chemical pest contol methods fist. f pesticides must be employed, thei use should be kept to a minimum. Only the quantity equied should be puchased to avoid stoage of excess amounts. A facility policy should be implemented pohibiting the use of pesticides, except in cases whee no othe pest contol method will wok. 6 THE SSUES: ASBESTOS AND EAD Asbestos efes to a goup of natually occuing mineals. t was widely used in buildings until the 970s because of its esistance to heat, stength, flexibility, low themal conductivity and chemical esistance. Concen about advese health effects fom exposue to asbestos fibes led to egulations egading its handling, monitoing and exposue. Wallboad and othe constuction poducts used in buildings built befoe 979 may contain asbestos. mpope handling o deteioation of asbestos may cause its extemely small fibes to be caied in ai cuents. f inhaled fo long peiods of time, these fibes may cause a scaing of the lungs (asbestosis), lung cance and cance of the lining of the chest, abdomen, and/ o the digestive tact. Asbestos may pesent a health hazad if inhaled by humans. Asbestos can be found in some olde DFO buildings and light stations. ead is often contained in olde paints and plastic blinds. t can cause neuological damage to humans if ingested. Undistubed, sealed o othewise enclosed asbestos is not consideed a health concen. t must none the less be monitoed, and kept undistubed to pevent its deteioation o exposue to ai. Po tee tin 9 the f n vi 0 n men t 23,!

31 t is not unusual to find lead in paints manufactued in Noth Ameica until the late 970s. When lead paint flakes off walls o is emoved fom a building, caeful handling is necessay to potect the health of the wokes and pevent lead contamination in the suounding aea. The long-tem exposue to lead has been linked to neuological damage in childen. 6. What Must Be Done f applicable, develop and implement an asbestos management plan fo you facility. The plan must comply with applicable legislation and aim to minimize any health isks to employees. Remove o seal fiable asbestos (cumbly, easily boken, with potential to become aibone) to educe the potential fo woke exposue. Follow all fedeal and povincial egulations and guidelines when handling asbestos. (Canada abou Code - Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, CEPA, Guidelines fo Removal and Teatment of Asbestos, and Ontaio Ministy of Envionment and Enegy - Pocedues Respecting Occupational Exposue to Asbestos.) Use health potection measues such as espiatos when scaping o sanding sufaces containing lead paint. 6.2 What Should Be Done Facilities should have an asbestos suvey conducted to detemine whethe asbestoscontaining mateials ae pesent on site. n-place asbestos-containing mateials, which have not deteioated, should be handled by licensed contactos if emoved duing building maintenance o enovations. n-place asbestos should be labelled to alet employees of its location. Potect wokes and popely dispose of chips and dust of lead paint when leadcontaminated painted sufaces ae scaped o sanded. [ 24 Hazadous Mateials

32 Ai ssues o~ntajinants into the fooun9lng ai th atmc! Ai emissio/ue lsch4s phee. They ale typically elease fo exhaust stacks and vents, but may also es t fom activities such as soil excavations and the handling and loading of mateials. Among issues of concen elating to ai emissions on the fedeal envionmental agenda ae geenhouse gases, smog, and toxic and ozone-depleting substances~t ~." ::-2!,.:\{");; Fumes fom. tgi~l;:{tijij'!'flil~~s.,a,fi''tl«':,;,) lethal in ".',' a~a~:,:)sill'gii') advesely. \:~aqtfi am the local global,afi\;inlg. "'f~'. Who! Mu,! Allow ~ly lensed pesonnel to sevice 'eqtnpm~t co'taining ozone-depleting subltanc~, suc as ai conditiones, fie suppession equipment and efigeation equipment, at you facility..2 What Should Be Done dentify all souces of ai emissions fom you facility. Have the emissions quantien/;ineeing methods), in ode ;::.tq;~ ef\~fl!ljl}~\f you facility meets the Ambit/it A'.'Quii'~ilt,:\')jJil~cth'es set by!j.,j,olme~it' Ou~~(jlnT.~aA~vell as povinuidl~lil)j~)ippopiate to Reseach has shown a link between ai pollution and death ates. A study of the Toonto aea found that exposue to ai pollution was associated with an exta death each day. Fumehoods, incineatos and boiles ae thee souces of ai emissions at OFO facilities. T))~)~O\'~:) eliminate the us~e~o~~~~~n of these pollutants by changing aw mateials. t is geneally tue that if you don't buy and use toxic substances, you won't pollute! Have all boiles and incineatos inspected and seviced annually in ode to keep them opeating efficiently. Eliminate those which do not meet stict pefomance guidelines. Potecting the Envionment 25 l J

33 dentify all souces of volatile oganic compound emissions fom you facility and minimize them. Wate-based paints, high solids paints, and efficient spay guns ae options fo educing emissions fom painting. dentify all uses of ozone-depleting substances at you facility. Make plans (including a budget) to convet equipment to altenative efigeants at thei time of scheduled sevicing. mplement efficient and money-saving enegy consevation measues to educe cabon dioxide (C0 2 ) and othe geenhouse gases. mplement a geen puchasing pogam which sceens all chemical puchases fo undesiable toxic mateials. Eliminate chloinated oganic substances, and whee possible, eplace oganic solvent cleanes with wate-based altenatives. 2 THE SSUE: OZONE-DEPETNG SUBSTANCES Ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) ae compounds that elease chloine o bomine into the atmosphee. n tun, this esults in the beakdown of the potective ozone laye in the eath's uppe atmosphee which potects the eath and its inhabitants fom much of the sun's hamful adiation. Depletion of the ozone laye is esulting in highe levels of ultaviolet (UV) adiation eaching the eath. n 996, skin cance affected moe than 65,000 Canadians, and numbes ae ising. An estimated 95 pecent of all skin cance is caused by exposue to UV adiation fom sunlight. ODSs can be found in equipment and poducts such as fie extinguishes, ai conditiones, dinking-fountain cooles, efigeatos, solvents, and cleaning agents. Appoximately 0 pecent of the Canadian ODS stock is held by the fedeal govenment. 26 Ai 5 5 U e s OFO was one of the thee depatments with the lagest quantity of ~OSs, in the Atlantic Region. One molecule of (Fe can destoy, 00,000 molecules of potective ozone laye. Scientists estimate that fo each one pecent decease in the ozone laye, skin cance will incease.6 pecent woldwide. 2. What Must Be Done Recove ODSs that would othewise be eleased. Allow only technicians with ODS cetification to handle o sevice equipment containing ODSs at you facility o ship. ODSs ae pescibed on a "list of toxic substances" contained in CEPA. Repoting on unintentional eleases may equie epoting unde CEPA Section 36 (), (3), (4). Also note that if substances on this list ae eleased, the owne must take all easonable steps to potect the public (CEPA (lb), (lc)). Health and safety diectives equie that an employe supply potective ceams and glasses to staff woking outdoos fo long peiods of time. 2.2 What Should Be Done Develop an inventoy of all ozone-depleting substances at you facility. Using only licensed pesonnel, develop a maintenance schedule fo all equipment still using these substances. Ealy detection of leaks can avet the loss of ODSs contained in equipment. l

34 Develop and implement an ODS management plan fo you oganization, incopo ating at a minimum the following: ODS containment and peventive maintenance stategies; inventoy of ODS and applications, mechanisms fo tacking changes and epoting eleases; evision of administative, taining and pocuement pactices to foste pope handling of ODS; eview of equiements fo the use of altenatives to ODS; and an action plan fo the measuement, evaluation, eview and impovement of the plan. Ensue that you phase-out plan fo all equipment using ODS is in keeping with scheduled eplacement of substances with non-ozone depleting altenatives. Cuent phase-out dates elated to consumption (poduction, impot and expot) ae as follows: Halons - 994; cabon tetachloide - 995; CFCs - 996; HBFCs - 996; methyl chloofom - 996; and HCFCs Eliminate the use of ozone-depleting substances as cleaning solvents. Continue to monito egulatoy developments and eseach fo altenatives to ODS-based shipboad fie suppession systems. Meet o exceed industy and pivate secto standads including applicable codes and guidelines such as the Code of Pactice fo the Reduction of CFC Emissions fom Refigeation and Ai Conditioning Systems and Code of Pactice on Halons. n the absence of fedeal egulations, meet o exceed povincial and teitoial ODS equiements. Fo all employees, ensue that appopiate measues ae taken to educe excessive exposue to sunlight. Potecting the Envionment 27, J

35 [ i i

36 Ocean Disposal THE SSUE: DREDGNG AND OCEAN DSPOSA While dedging is often necessay to maintain navigable wates, the physical effects of dedging may affect local fish habitat and disupt taditional Fish, aquatic vegetation and isms can be smotheed if at disposal sites. nceased solids at dedging and U SVl',. advese effects. Site esulted fom land-based ed dedged mateials. The chemical effects of Dedging and disposal at sea can damage fish habitat. plays a egulatoy and advisoy ole edging and as such, povides expet to DFO pesonnel on equest. ~ll';" Envionment Canaua offices application, submitting it with a.,~ge~n~ ~~~~~ ~~~f~:~:~~~{~~ ~~W"'="C"'''''Joiect poposal and $2,500 application fee. n the couse of getting a CEPA penitogen, «JOnSlW~d by Envionment inants (fo example zinc, lead, mecuy, pesticides). These effects ae {inmnelltal assessment estictions on the concentation of oganics in dedged sediments posal at sea. Should Be Done Ocean disposal efes to The emoval of contaminated silt equies deposition of mateials in the ocean, il' cludmg specialized dedging equipment and the delibeate sinking of ships. t includes the cannot be done effectively in nomal dischage of contaminated mateial, including dedging clams and bages. Envionment bilge wate, eceived fom anothe ship o fom a Canada can povide advice on equipment shoe souce. t does not include outine dischage of effluent incidental to the populsion o + Dedging opeations should be mini available. opeation of moto diven equipment on vessels. mized, and scheduled to minimize isk to fish and fish habitat. + All inteested stakeholdes should be consulted. Po tee tin 9 the E n vi 0 n men t 29,!!

37 .. [ l t l.

38 Facilities and Use Management THE SSUE: ENVRONMENTA ASSESSMENT An envionmental assessment (EA) is simply good planning pactice and should be conducted fo all pojects and egadless of legal equiements. An envionmental assesslffi a poposed poject, and ievocable decisions ae assessment of the need fo An envionmental assessment is a tool to envionmental concens into and decision.--wl't>te't!'!'!'ft'tqj;..regati'l'e-effects, methods to emediat_l'h'sblem~~~.--occu; and the fequency lmd.t@ebjliquelsj;q ~g. When. mental Assessment and the Fedeal Code Compliance assessment on ing public consultation~~h5w'lj3--. What Must in!'~fte~- - Envi~'sn~'Stt5e undetaken fo,;wejegts~~~j:;)"_ CEAA. The assessment must be filed on -~~-~"'-"""""'-' the public egisty. Conduct an EA on majo depatmental policies and pogams. infastuctue pojects is familia with CEAA's equiements. Potecting the Envionment 3 j i!

39 Conduct ongoing consultations with Envionmental Assessments ae conducted the public and stakeholdes to eview to detemine the envionmental impact of the envionmental implications of you futue activities and/o pojects. opeations. Envionmental Site nvestigations: Phase [ Consult with othe fedeal and povincial Site Assessments should be completed fo agencies who can povide expet o state all popety tansactions to detemine the of the at infomation on envionmental possibility of contamination on a popety effects and mitigation measues, paticu- pio to the tansaction. lady as we move to hamonized pocesses and administative aangements with povinces and othe agencies. We should espect the land Whee appopiate involve Fist Nations and envionment. people in the envionmental assessment pocess. Review the liability issues mplement follow-up pogams whee befoe tansfeing popety. [ necessay as pat of the envionmental pocess. DFO maintains land in sensitive ecosystems such as national paks 2 The ssue: and Use and bid sanctuaies. 2. What Must Be Done and use management is a boad categoy involving the management of facilities and assets, as well as the consevation and management of natual esouces though sensitivity mapping, landscape ehabilitation/eclamation, soil and wate emediation, and coect use of land teatment substances (e.g. pesticides, hebicides, fetilizes). Natual esouces include floa, fauna and suface wate, goundwate, foests and mineals. t is govenment policy to acquie, use and Detemine if a fomal EA is equied unde the CEAA fo any land tansfe that you ae undetaking. f it is equied, then ensue that you eview the envionmental assessment, make the appopiate dete- mination, and have the assessment placed on the public egisty. 2.2 What Should Be Done dispose of eal popety in a manne consistent Ensue that you have a detailed inventoy with the pinciple of sustainable development of all land holdings fo which you have! (Teasuy Boad Manual, Chapte 8, Real Popety esponsibility. / EnVionment). Teasuy Boad equies that Review you holdings fo ecologically sigdepatments conside the isks to the envion- nificant lands o species. ment when conducting popety tansactions. Document the potential impact on the Each tansaction could esult in Significant ecologically Significant fauna, contact financial and envionmental liabilities fo a local wildlife epesentatives fo assistance depatment, unless appopiate pocedues ae in developing a management plan, infom followed. the public about the plan, and implement DFO has two mechanisms which assist in and monito you potection stategies. addessing eal popety envionmental issues. Conduct a full envionmental investiga- tion befoe acquiing o disposing of land. 32 Facilities and Use Management

40 3 THE SSUE: FUE STORAGE TANK MANAGEMENT Bulk fuel stoage tanks epesent a majo envionmental and financial isk in govenment opeations. eaking undegound stoage tanks ae one of the most common causes of soil contamination. Because of coosion, impope installation, infeio design, abuse o ovefilling, leaks can develop in stoage tank systems and cause unsuspected off-site migation of contaminants, making the owne o opeato liable fo cleanup costs o penalties. Even in vey small quantities, petoleum can contaminate dinking wate wells, taint fish, o kill vegetation. Studies have indicated that up to 20 pecent of undegound tanks ae leaking. A leaking tank can cost ove $00,000 to emediate, if suounding goundwate is contaminated. Bulk fuel stoage necessitates contol of the poduct in the tanks, taining of the pesonnel conducting fuel tansfes, pepaation in case of a poduct spill, and tank egisty. Contaminated sites ae often the esult of negligent and epeated spills of small quantities of fuel duing fuel tansfe opeations. Fuel tanks can leak petoleum poducts, which damage the envionment and pollute wate supplies. n DFO, fuel is stoed fo heating systems, geneatos, vehicles, ships and aicaft. Thee ae extensive fuel tansfe opeations in habous, and waste oil is often stoed in bulk tanks. 3. What Must Be Done Follow the new Registation of Stoage Tank Systems fo Petoleum and Allied Poducts on Fedeal ands Regulations unde CEPA Section 55. The new egulations equie the upgading o eplacement of olde tanks, as well as the egistation of above gound stoage tanks fo petoleum poducts having a single o total capacity of moe than 4,000 lites, and undegound stoage tanks fo petoleum poducts o allied petoleum poducts. Develop a tank management and fuel handling plan. The plan must include pocedues, timetables, and specifications fo tightness testing, emoving, eplacing o upgading tank systems, and adding acceptable leak-detection, spill-containment and ovefill potection equipment. Follow the Technical Guidelines fo undegound stoage tank systems containing petoleum and allied petoleum poducts. 3.2 What Should Be Done nclude an ongoing monitoing and implementation schedule in you tank management plan. Undetake tank and piping integity testing. Develop a phase-out plan fo undegound tanks. Replace all above gound tanks with moe moden tanks that ae a double walled vault design. Keep waste oil sepaate fom waste solvents, antifeeze o othe liquids. Contaminated oil cannot be easily ecycled, and consequently disposal costs ae highe. Potecting the Envionment 33 \,!

41 Stoe waste oil in a tank with seconday containment. Monito its volume closely so that a licensed ecycle can empty the tank as needed. mplement efuelling though eputable, commecial establishments. Confom to CCME Envionmental Codes of Pactice fo Abovegound and Undegound Stoage Tank Systems. 4 THE SSUE: SNOW REMOVA OPERATONS Snow and ice contol is an annual equiement in most locations in Canada. Activities nomally involve snow emoval and the application of chemicals and abasives to educe the potential hazads of snow and ice. Spillage o oveuse of chemicals may esult in soil o goundwate contamination, inceased eosion o the contamination of suface un-off. Duing the sping un-off, potential envionmental impacts make the location of snow stockpiles citical. Snow and ice contol may also include the use of glycol to de-ice aicaft, and uea on aicaft manoeuving aeas. These activities ae not specifically egulated by fedeal, povincial o municipal legislation, although thee ae fedeal guidelines fo the use of glycol. Run-off of salt and ice-contol chemicals can pollute ou wates. n DFO we clea ou paking and aicaft manoeuve aeas. 34 Fa c i ; tie s an d Use Man age men t 4. What Must Be Done Stomwate un-off fom the site must meet whateve wate quality guidelines exist fo the body of wate it uns into 4.2 What Should Be Done The location of snow stockpiles should be selected in ode to minimize the effects of sping un-off on the envionment. The application of chemicals to contol ice hazads should be minimized while still potecting the safety of pesonnel. dentify o constuct snow dump aeas whee the un-off can be contolled and monitoed. [ [ l

42 Solid Waste THE SSUE: SOD MANAGEMENT All solid wastes hazadous waste municipal, and equiements. management within efficiency and ecove co-odinate disposal agencies; solid waste on the ll~~~~~~ n 99, the '-''-'MVJ'" pecent eduction of waste going to the yea The fedeal.m'enme committed itself to this taget. accoding to appopiate ''~UJ,l. tans 'luu.s. See of Good on ships. ode to povide lmlmdlatiljns fo Most of ou solid waste qo~~ which sca ou landscape ou enlvi(jnfnet Noth Ameica has eight wold's population and poduces half the wold's solid waste. po No Waste, o a ewads/awads ~cel)tional effots. The CCME has identified thee main categoies of biomedical waste: human anatomical waste, animal infectious waste and non-anatomical wastes. Biomedical wastes include items such as: cultues, stocks o specimens of mico Po tee tin 9 the En vi 0 n men t 35 j (!

43 oganisms, live o attenuated vaccines; human blood and blood poducts, body fluids and satuated items; and shaps capable of causing punctues o cuts_ Biomedical waste does not include waste geneated in the poduction of food o in geneal building maintenance, animal husbandy waste, o waste contolled in accodance with the Health of Animals Act. Solid pathological wastes include such items as tissues, fish, and cacasses (human o animal), disposable gaments, swabs, diapes, o any othe mateial which has the potential to contain pathogenic bacteia_ iquid pathological wastes ae geneally poduced at laboatoies o eseach facilities and include potentially infectious body fluids_ Appopiate handling of biomedical waste is vital in peventing the tansmission of diseases. DFO laboatoies often deal with biological wastes, and Coast Guad ships may have medical clinics. 2. What Must Be Done Dispose of unteated biomedical waste accoding to authoized pocedues; do not place in landfill sites o in sanitay sewes. Follow pescibed standads when shipping biomedical wastes. They ae classified as poisonous and infectious substances unde TDGA. 36 Solid Waste Povide petinent taining on the assessment of waste management pocedues to all wokes handling biomedical waste, in accodance with the Canada abou Code. Ensue that all wokes have the appopiate potective equipment. 2.2 What Should Be Done Biomedical waste should be handled accoding to CCME's Guidelines fo the Management of Biomedical Wastes in Canada. All pathological wastes should be segegated and collected in clealy maked aitight, leak-poof containes. Biomedical waste should be segegated fom othe wastes at the point of geneation. Biomedical waste should be efigeated at 4"C, if stoed fo moe than fou days. Containes fo pathological wastes should be colou coded as descibed in CCME's Guidelines fo the Management of Biomedical Waste in Canada. Punctue-poof containes should be used fo the collection of syinges, needles, Peti dishes and othe simila mateials. On-site stoage should be as close to geneation locations as possible, totally enclosed and sepaate fom food pepaation aeas. [ [.

44 Wate & Enegy Management AND n auu."'~~h ment, the ~lul'~.l ow>'i)eig,'>il.!ed '~'lte usage has been savings to fedeal delll*tmi~i> usage plans can be f!t(j'jpt~<l levels to facilitate ~'!''''''''ll! enegy and wate colse,vattn. Natual 's Fedeal assistance to delpatmenli:$l consultants and with pivate fo the funding of ~m"lj' ilticieelll U""'li!i"l A typical enegy e'flfci(~n~~)g.af!' enegy opeating 2J~t>el'celt pojects not only sa'tllnol a significant COltibdt all goal of stabilizing. What Must Be Done Endeavou to conseve Canadian esouces and expenditues as pat of Geening Govenment Policy..2 What Should Be Done Conduct enegy and wate audits. mplement an enegy and wate management plan. Develop efficiency and consevation stategies and Conside,"pO'" efficiency A leaking tap wa!~team( 25 lites of wate that's 9,000 lites DFO has oppotunities fo cost savings by inceasing enegy efficiency in all its facilities. eaving you compute and desk lamp on evey night will add about $ DO/yea to you enegy costs. Wastewate nd{stoniwate fom facility opeations equie p~~pi~ na agement to ensue that they o~{:t e vi{0nmental poblems.,j ),) Most undeslf e nd ~zadous substances can be tan 0 u,f in. te, ithe in solution o adheed to t!l.e sy a s f small paticles. Thus, wastewate i'!it, ges, if not popely managed, can co a in te soil o goundwate. The subsequent c~n-up of such Potecting the Envionment 37 J

45 contamination can pove to be both expensive and difficult, and thee may be envionmental damage. Remembe that ou suface wate is often ou dinking wate. t is paticulaly impotant that govenment opeations contol and effectively teat stomwate un-off fom finished sufaces and stuctues, since such un-off may cay undesiable and/o hazadous substances diectly into feshwate o maine habitats. The Fisheies Act equies any peson who causes the elease of a deleteious substance into wates fequented by fish to epot the elease to the authoities. Pollutes may have to pay the cost of clean-up and mitigation, as well as fines exceeding $50,000 pe day. Any pollutant that is poued down dains o stom sewes will eventually find its way into ou natual envionment. DFO geneates wastewate fom its offices and facilities, 'fishwate' fom laboatoies and stom wate un-off fom paking and stoage aeas. 2. What Must Be Done Waste wate fom you facility dischaged into a municipal sewe must meet local and povincial dischage equiements. Stomwate (such as fom paking aeas) fom you facility must be fee of toxic o hamful mateials, solids o sludges, floating debis and oil o scum. 38 Wa t e & Ene gym a nag e men t 2.2 What Should Be Done Conduct a wate use assessment fo you facility and implement consevation measues to educe the quantity of wate used, and pollution pevention measues to impove the quality of wate dischaged. Teat effluent in accodance with diectdischage standads pio to dischage to the sewe, if the local municipal wastewate teatment facilities do not povide seconday teatment. Guidelines fo Effluent Quality and Wastewate Teatment at Fedeal Establishments indicate that dilution of an effluent pio to dischage is not acceptable and that seconday teatment is the minimum acceptable. An assessment should be conducted to inventoy all outfall/elease points and thei souces, ensuing that contaminated flows ae segegated. Facility wastewate should be sampled peiodically to ensue that it meets the applicable dischage equiements. This may be annually o semi-annually, depending on the seasonal vaiation in dischage quantity and quality. Facility stomwate un-off should be sampled peiodically to ensue that it meets guidelines. This may be annually o semi-annually, depending on the seasonal vaiation in dischage quantity and quality. nstall stomwate inteceptos in catch basins to sepaate oil and debis fom stomwate un-off pio to its dischage off site. Adopt a policy aimed at voluntay compliance with the Guidelines fo Effluent Quality and Wastewate Teatment at Fedeal Establishments..

46 Vehicle Fleet Management THE SSUE: VEHCES Vehicles consume fossil fuels and ae a significant contibuto to ai pollution, and to the negative health impacts of ai quality. Vlil'iBiW of vehicles ae used. Manage's Guide FleetWise can be obtained fom Canada. Moto vehicles colltiibuw",s\' the poduction of aibone polljutan house gases that esult in HOll'lU Altenative Fuels Act applies agency puchases o leases a passenge van o light tuck months. The Act equies that these vehicles be capable of the identified altenative fuels, effective and opeationally feasible altenative fuels identified methanol, popane, electicity. that 60 pe cent of light tucks acquied cent in ) uahllll;;, and ensue that maintenance pactices, use thlocklists, egula tune-ups, inspection of the emission contol systems. Potecting the Envionment 39 t :