Jan Hassink Wageningen University and Research The Netherlands

Transcription

1 Research in Green Care in Europe. How can we collaborate to speed up high quality research Jan Hassink Wageningen University and Research The Netherlands

2 Typology of green care. H Elsey et al. BMJ Open 2014;4:e by British Medical Journal Publishing Group

3 Qualities and effects nature and care farm Quality Effects Tranquillity / rest Space Life processes Appeal to senses Useful work Diverse work Working together Caring for Physical work Recovery of stress Exercise Social contacts Personal development Status/ identity Self esteem Social Skills Responsibility Physical health Involvement Inclusion

4 Publications green care Year Number Country Port, Can, SP, Pol, Australia, Bulgaria Switserland, Romania, Czech Republic Belgium, Greece, US Germany Austria, Sweden Italy Norway Neth. UK < US Horticultural therapy

5 Subject areas of the publications Medicine 63 Agriculture/biological sciences 40 Social Sciences 40 Nursing 22 Psychology 10 Business, management, accounting Humanities 6 Environmental Sciences 6 Economics 3 7

6 Types of Green care Top publishing countries Second group HT AAT Naturebased US (38), Japan, South Korea UK, Germany, Norway, Sweden US (129) Italy, France, Norway, Spain, Germany Denmark (3), Sweden, Norway, Switzerland Farm program Netherlands (22), UK, Norway Italy, US Since Start 1979 Start 1991 Start 2007 Start 2007

7 Significance green care in agriculture Benefits for users ; empowerment, inclusion, education, employment, therapy, wellbeing.. Benefits for farmers Innovation in agriculture, health care, education, social sector New sustainable links between agriculture, health, social sector, education and society Strengthening urban-rural relationships; healthy cities Economics of farms and rural areas: jobs, income Preserving landscapes

8 COST 866: Green Care a conceptual framework Defining concept of and approaches in green care Describe the benefits for different types of participants Explore the mechanisms and health promoting elements Link with existing theories, frameworks and models Link with other approaches or interventions

9 Challenges in research Diversity in participants Diversity in settings Diversity in programs Diversity in objectives Diversity in methods Diversity in outcomes (not one topic) Different networks healing nature and care farms Often no fixed intervention

10 Types of interventions Fixed intervention: HT, AAT RCT Quantitative research Validated instruments (depression, self esteem) Brain images Context with multiple factors; green care in agriculture Diversity; each case is different Interviews - experiences Validated instruments Questionnaires

11 Green care in Agriculture (care/social farms): European support COST action Sofar project Interreg projects Erasmus projects December 2012 European Economic and Social Committee. Document on social farming: innovative approach connecting multipurpose farming and social/health care services. It can make a contribution in the ambit of agricultural production to the well being and social integration of people with particular needs

12 Diversity in green care in agriculture: Types of social/care farms in different countries Netherlands, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland: Mainly private family farms; diversity of client groups Italy: Mainly social cooperatives: users of social sector are employed Germany, Ireland: Institutional farms; mentally disabled

13 Orientation in different countries Society and social sector Germany, Ireland, Slovenia Italy, France Netherlands Belgium Health Agriculture

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15 Qualities care farms Social community Attitude farmer Less protocols Informal Useful work Green environment

16 Research: Comparing user groups Mental illness: personal development Flexibility to adjust work to daily conditions Social community Intellectual disabilities: learning a job Real work Learning opportunities Problem youth: building new life Farmer and family as role model Reflection on previous life and future Elderly dementia: staying active and unburden partner Involvement in normal household processes Activities that match interests and history 1

17 Research: Differences between user groups Mental illness Intellectual disabilities Youth Dementia Guidance Reflection, time for feelings, bad days Real farmer Working Farmer as role model Strict Responsibility Stimulating rest capacity Sensible Activities Flexibility in demands and stress Real work Learning a job Real work Responsible work Normal daily activities Environment Reflection Quiet Functional Family as role model Stimulating, rest, senses

18 Research combining user groups Combination of mental illness and intellectual disabilities Less rigidity Helping each other Different atmosphere Combination elderly and children or elderly and intellectual disabilities Creating rest, atmosphere, intimicay

19 Research specific value Farm Animals Meaningful day occupation Valued relationship Mastery of tasks Reciprocity Distraction from problems or difficulties Relaxation Tailored care/support Relationship with other human beings Stimulating health behavior Familiar environment

20 Research: Specific qualities plants Rhythm of seasons Life processes: sowing, treating, harvesting, dying Metaphors for own life Less direct impulse than animals Silence, rest, tranquillity

21 Connecting plants and nature: care farm and landscape Combining qualities of plant production and healing qualities of plants and nature Nature and garden as co-therapist Reflection Appealing all senses Creating spaces for different moods Smells, sounds Cerwen ea The role of soundscape in Nature-based rehabilitation; Gorman 2017: Smelling therapeutic landscapes: embodied encounters within spaces of care farming

22 Effects of green care farms In collaboration with researchers Health Care Collaboration with practitioners Make it relevant for practitioners In line with objectives of users/clients Find instruments that are relevant Longitudinal studies Involve critical outsiders Multiple methods, multiple studies, multiple sources

23 Discussion with care farmers 23

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25 Effects on residents daily life MEDLO-Tool (De Boer et al., submitted) Domains of daily life: Activity Activity performed by or occurring near the resident Engagement is the activity Degree of physical effort during (in)activity Physical environment Location of resident Interaction with physical environment Social environment Level of social interaction Type of social interaction With whom the social interaction takes place Psychological well-being Mood Agitation

26 Observation of daily life

27 Topics for joint research Challenges: collaborative action Describing and understanding developments in diverse contexts Diversity in orientation; regulations; legitimacy; entrepreneurship Health promoting qualities/mechanisms Impact on participants Methodologies, empirical data Impact on society Methodologies, empirical data

28 Types of papers Focused on specific type of participants (Secondary) analysis of specific elements Essay papers: integrating mechanisms, settings Understanding mechanisms Using green care as example to enrich theories like: Self-determination theory Assets approach Salutogenesis Transition theory

29 Connecting research and practitioners Research articulation Consortium of organisations green care in agriculture Federation Care Farms Netherlands Care farming UK Italy: National Forum Consortium of Nature organisations (city farms UK) Connecting researchers green care in agriculture and green therapies / healing nature Monitoring/collecting data by practitioners

30 Connection with topics European programs and other disciplines Sustainable agriculture and rural development (EIP Focus Groups): sociologist, economists Healthy cities (JPI Urban Europe): health promotion Social Innovation Ecosystem services Social entrepreneurship Citizen initiatives Strategic coalitions Pressing issues

31 Research issues Identification of health promoting qualities and mechanisms Incorporation of these qualities in diversity of settings (being active, social participation, stress reduction) Health care Living environment Working environment Combine analysis of process and impact Economic, policy and implementation studies Different types of beneficiaries, outcomes and impact: neighbourhood, specific client, health, well-being, reintegration, healthy food, climate, rural economy, urban economy...

32 Future research Green care Holistic approach and combination of methods Design projects in which multiple factors can be seen in relation to each other Longitudinal studies in close collaboration with practitioners Studies that contribute to and test theories Integration disciplines; process, mechanisms and impact See also: Steigen et al. 2016

33 Proposal European platform for exchange and collaboration of practitionars, researchers and supporting organizations and critical/constructive outsiders Euromed Agrosocial forum: hearing at ESSC, newsletter, website Green care for health promotion, care, cure, prevention... Integrating different types of green care Discuss developments, insights Joint and comparison methodologies Monitoring schemes Combining data