A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS
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1 A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS The Fertilizer Industry Roundtable October 27, 2003 By: Larry Sanders, Larry Murphy and Michael Kimmerly 1 A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS Objective Treat Microenvironments, Not Acres 2
2 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS THE PROBLEM Crop recovery limited to 5 25% of applied phosphate fertilizer during the season of application. (Mortvet,, 1994) At high ph, P is fixed by Ca and Mg. At low ph, P is fixed by Fe and Al. 3 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS THE SOLUTION Specialty Fertilizer Products has developed & patented a family of di-carboxcyclic copolymers. Can be used as a coating on granular phosphates or mixed into liquid phosphate fertilizers. 4
3 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS THE SOLUTION These compounds have an extremely high exchange capacity approximately 1.8 eq / 100 gms. Polymeric structure is very specific to attracting and adsorbing multivalent cations. Functionality is not affected by ph, temperature ranges or ionic strength. The co-polymer is biodegradable and water soluble. 5 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS THE SOLUTION Mode of Action The compound sequesters antagonistic cations out of solution. Phosphorous is left unfixed and available to the crop. Due to phosphate immobility this results in highly concentrated zones of available phosphorus for the plants. 6
4 Experimental material effects on MAP solubility in various solutions Treatment Applied % Experimental Material Cation ppm Mgm P/Gram MAP % of Total P in Solution 0.00 Al Al Al Al Al Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Initial Testing of SFP Experimental Materials at Kansas State University. Experimental P Fertilizer Standard P Fertilizer 8
5 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application 9 Method of Fertilizer Application Winter Wheat University of Arkansas Treatment Applied Yield Bu/Acre Control 46.7 MAP Banded 54.7 MAP Broadcast 58.2 MAP + Exp. Product, Banded 76.9 MAP + Exp. Product, Broadcast 65.6 Broadcast Seeded, MAP 55.1 Broadcast Seeded, MAP + Exp LSD (0.05) lb P2O5/Acre, Soil P test low, Soil ph =
6 Method of Fertilizer Application Liquid Fertilizer Indiana Farmer Treatment Applied Yield Bu/A Am. Polyphosphate Am. Polyphosphate + Exp lbs /A, row applied at planting, ph =
7
8 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop 15 Phosphorous Availability Enhancement Collards Auburn University, Alabama Treatment Applied Fresh Wt lbs/plot Control 1.4 MAP Banded 5.2 MAP Broadcast 3.9 MAP + Exp. Product, Banded 5.5 MAP + Exp. Product, Broadcast 4.7 ph
9 Phosphorous Availability Enhancement Kansas State University, University of Missouri Treatments Bromegrass Miami Co, KS Bromegrass Miami Co, KS Fescue Lawrence Co., MO No P MAP MAP + Exp Low P Soils, 20 lb P2O5/A, Acidip ph. Brome - 90 lb N/A, Fescue lb N/A 17
10 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below Wheat Response to Enhance P Availability Winter Wheat Rice County, Kansas Treatment Applied Grain Yield Bu/Acre Control 31.6 MAP 34.2 MAP + Experimental Product 39.5 LSD (0.10) lb p2o5/a banded at planting Murphy Agro, Kansas State Univ. 20
11 21 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below 5.5 ph levels between 5.5 and
12 Corn Response to Enhanced P Availability University of Missouri Treatment Applied Yield Bu/Acre Control 135 MAP Banded 132 MAP Broadcast 132 MAP + Exp. Product, Banded 157 MAP + Exp. Product, Broadcast 151 LSD (.10) lb P2O5/A Soil Test Bray P-1 = 10, Soil ph =
13 25 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below 5.5 ph levels between 5.5 and 7.0 ph levels above
14 Corn Response to Enhanced P on High ph Soil University of Minnesota - Lamberton Treatment Applied Dry Weight g/6 plants P % P Uptake mg/6 plants Yield Bu/Acre Control MAP Banded MAP + Exp. Banded LSD (.10) lb P2O5/a, Soil ph = 7.8, Soil test P = Low 27 28
15 Corn Response to Enhanced P on High ph Soil University of Minnesota - Waseca Treatment Applied Yield Bu/Acre Control DAP Broadcast DAP + Exp Broadcast 175 LSD (.10) 18 Exp Coating 0.25% Soil ph = 7.3, Soil test P = 7 ppm Olsen 29 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below 5.5 ph levels between 5.5 and 7.0 ph levels above 7.0 Soil Test P 30
16 Wheat Response to Enhance P on Medium P Soil Texas A&M University Treatment Applied Yield Bu/Acre Control 30.1 Map 25 lb P2O5/A 29.5 Map 50 lb P2O5/A 32.4 MAP + Exp. 25 lb P2O5/A 37.6 MAP + Exp. 50 lb P2O5/A 37.8 LSD (.10) 7.6 Soil ph = 7.3, Soil test P = Medium 31 Irrigated Corn Response to Enhanced P Kansas State University Treatment Applied Control 172b 119c 169c 60 MAP 193a 173b 195b 60 MAP + Exp. 201a 194a 210a P banded at planting Soil ph = 6.8, Soil P = ppm Bray Bu/A
17
18 Irrigated Soybean Response to Enhanced P Kansas State University Treatment Applied Control 51.8c 32.3c 60 MAP 62.2b 46.7b 60 MAP + Exp. 72.8a 57.5a P broadcast preplant Soil ph = 6.8, Soil P = 38 ppm Bray Bu/A
19
20 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below 5.5 ph levels between 5.5 and 7.0 ph levels above 7.0 Soil Test P P Application Rates 39 Wheat Response to Enhanced P Availability SARDI - Australia Treatment Applied Grain Yield kg/ha Total DM kg/ha Heads/M2 MAP 4 Lbs/Acre Enhanced MAP 4 Lbs/Acre MAP 10 Lbs/Acre Enhanced MAP 10 Lbs/Acre MAP 20 Lbs/Acre Enhanced MAP 20 Lbs/Acre LSD (0.10) P banded at seeding, soil 70% calcium carbonate 40
21 41 Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilization Method of application Type of crop Soil ph ph levels below 5.5 ph levels between 5.5 and 7.0 ph levels above 7.0 Soil Test P P Application Rates Improved Economics 42
22 Potato Yield & Return Responses to Enhanced P Availability University of Idaho Treatment Applied Yield CWT/A Petiole P% Gross Return Control 311a.225d 1456 MAP 60 lb P205/Ac 330ab.253cd 1546 MAP 120 lb P205/Ac 344bc.275bc 1591 MAP + Exp 60 lb P2O5/A 339ab.288ab 1575 MAP + Exp 120 lb P2O5/A 369c.308a
23 Conclusions Influencing or controlling reactions in the microenvironment around the fertilizer granule has proven to have significant benefits to the availability of applied nutrient P. This in turn gives a favorable plant response. 46
24 Conclusions A wide spectrum of crops can be affected at normal fertilization rates. Significant potential to improve crop yields and farmer profits. Positive implications for improving environmental footprint of P fertilizer use. 47
A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS
Abstract A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS Dr. Larry Sanders, Specialty Fertilizer Products, 134 Cherry Hill Drive, Belton, MO 64012 phone: 816-322-7200 fax: 816-322-7207 e-mail:
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