VARIETY TRIAL RESULTS AND 2016 CROPPING YEAR CHALLENGES
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1 VARIETY TRIAL RESULTS AND 2016 CROPPING YEAR CHALLENGES Dr. Kurtis Schroeder Cropping Systems Agronomist & Pathologist University of Idaho, Moscow January 25, 2017
2 NORTH IDAHO VARIETY TESTING Test new releases and advanced breeding lines for their relative performance in Idaho s diverse climates Accelerate the adoption of improved varieties by increasing the visibility and exposure Increase economic returns and maintain competitiveness of Idaho producers Provide objective and statistically sound evaluations of variety performance
3 North Idaho Extension Cereal Nurseries Winter wheat 4 conv. tillage 2 direct seeded Bonners Ferry SW & SB Bonners Ferry WW & WB Spring wheat and barley 2 conv. tillage 2 direct seeded Moscow SW & SB Genesee SW & SB Craigmont SW & SB Tensed WW Moscow WW Genesee WW Tammany WW Nezperce WW
4 North Idaho Extension Grain Legume Nurseries Winter pea 1 conv. tillage 1 direct seeded Spring legumes 2 conv. tillage 1 direct seeded Moscow SP, SL, CP Genesee SP, SL, CP Moscow WP Ferdinand WP Craigmont SP, SL, CP
5 TEMPERATURES AT PORTHILL 70 Temperature (F) Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Average ( )
6 PRECIPITATION AT PORTHILL Precipitation (inches) Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Average ( )
7 PRECIPITATION AT PORTHILL Dr. John Abatzoglou (UI) Dr. Kelly Redmond
8 BONNERS FERRY SOFT WHITE WINTER WHEAT 140 Yield (bu/a) Bruneau UI Sparrow UI/WSU Huffman LCS Artdeco WB528 Norwest Duet UI Castle CL+ WB-Junction Madsen Jasper SY Ovation SY 107 WB1529 WB1604 Stephens WB456 Coda Puma WB1376CLP LCS Drive UI Magic CL+ UI Palouse CL+ LCS Biancor Bobtail Brundage 96 CV = 11.0, LSD = 19
9 3-YEAR AVERAGE YIELDS (SWWW) Bonners Ferry North Idaho (6 sites) Variety Yield (bu/a) Variety Yield (bu/a) Bruneau 123 LCS Artdeco 107 UI/WSU Huffman 120 Bruneau 107 WB-Junction 116 WB-Junction 106 UI Sparrow 113 UI Sparrow 104 Madsen 111 UI/WSU Huffman 103 Puma 109 LCS Drive 102 CV = 9.3, LSD = 8 Puma 102 CV = 8.8, LSD = 3
10 BONNERS FERRY HARD WINTER WHEAT 120 Yield (bu/a) LCS Jet LCS Colonia Norwest 553 UI Silver Keldin WB-Arrowhead Whetstone CV = 8.5, LSD = 12
11 HARD WINTER WHEAT North Idaho Average Variety Yield (bu/a) Protein (%) LCS Jet LCS Colonia Norwest Keldin WB-Arrowhead UI Silver Whetstone
12 NEW WHITE WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES Norwest Duet (LOR-092) #1 in 2016 and 2-year ave. Very good winter hardiness Excellent stripe rust resistance C-stripe resistant Tall (6 in. above average) Norwest Tandem (LOR-334) Excellent stripe rust resistance Average winter hardiness
13 NEW WHITE WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES LCS Drive (LWW ) Good 3-year average Very good stripe rust resistance C-stripe resistance Barley yellow dwarf resistance UI Sparrow (IDO1108DH) High yield potential Excellent winter hardiness Good resistance to stripe rust, snow mold, eye spot Immune to dwarf bunt
14 2-GENE CLEARFIELD SWWW UI Magic CL+ UI Castle CL+ UI Palouse CL+ Early, short High yield High yield Good stripe rust res. Short C-stripe tolerance
15 UI 2-GENE SWWW 2016 PERFORMANCE (ID) Variety Regional Ave. (bu/a) Bonners Ferry Genesee Lewiston Moscow Nezperce Tensed LCS Artdeco 135 (109%) UI/WSU Huffman 128 (103%) UI Castle CL+ 124 (100%) Stephens 120 (97%) UI Magic CL+ 120 (96%) UI Palouse CL+ 119 (96%) WB 1376 CLP 108 (87%)
16 NEW HARD WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES LCS Jet (NSA ) Hard red Excellent yield potential (10+ bu/a over closest variety) Good protein Excellent winter hardiness Strong straw, shorter than Keldin Good stripe rust resistance C-stripe tolerance
17 BONNERS FERRY SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT 100 Yield (bu/a) Seahawk Diva Ryan (WA8214) WB-6341 JD (club) Tekoa (WA8189) Melba (club, WA8193) WB-6121 WB-1035CL+ UI Stone Alturas Babe CV = 8.5, LSD = 10
18 BONNERS FERRY HARD SPRING WHEAT Yield (bu/a) LCS Star (W) Dayn (W) Glee LCS Iron UI Platinum (W) LCS Atomo (W) WB9518 HRS 3419 WB9411 WB-Hartline (W) HRS 3504 Jefferson WB9200 UI Winchester WB9668 HRS 3616 Alum WB9879CLP HRS 3530 CV = 6.1, LSD = 7
19 CRAIGMONT HARD SPRING WHEAT Variety Protein (%) Variety Protein (%) Alum 13.3 LCS Star (W) 12.0 Dayn (W) 12.6 UI Platinum (W) 12.0 Glee 12.5 UI Winchester 13.0 HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB Jefferson 12.0 WB9879CLP 13.4 LCS Atomo (W) 11.8 WB-Hartline 12.4 LCS Iron 12.3
20
21 4.0 BONNERS FERRY SPRING BARLEY Feed Malt Food Yield (tons/a) LCS Vespa Lenetah Tetonia Claymore (BZ ) Oreana (BZ ) Camas Champion Lyon LCS Odyssey LCS Westminster LCS Genie CDC-Copeland Kardia (2Ab09-X06F084-51) Salute Transit CV = 5.0, LSD = 0.2
22 NEW SPRING BARLEY FEED VARIETIES Oreanna (BZ ) Highland Specialty Grain Well adapted to northern Idaho (top 3-year ave. at Bonners Ferry) High tillering variety Resistance to barley stripe rust Shorter than Champion Claymore (BZ ) Highland Specialty Grain High yield potential (#1 in north Idaho in 2015) Fewer tillers than Champion Taller, but very good straw strength
23 NEW SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES Kardia (2Ab09-X06F084-51) food barley (USDA) 2-row, hulled High β-glucan (> Salute) Good yield potential in north Idaho (1,580 lb/a higher than Salute at Bonners Ferry in 2016, 2-year ave 1,050 bu/a higher) Havener (09WA-265.5) food barley (WSU) 2-row, hull-less High β-glucan
24 BONNERS FERRY WINTER BARLEY 2-row 6-row 4 Yield (tons/a) Charles Wintmalt Endeavor Sunstar Pride Alba LCS Saturn Strider Verdant Eight-Twelve Maja Buck CV = 15.0, LSD = 0.6
25 NORTH IDAHO CHICKPEA Variety Yield (lb/a) 100 Seed Weight (g) BillyBeans CDC Orion CDC Frontier Sawyer Nash Bronic Sierra CV = 11.9, LSD = 252
26 Ratio of Size Category CHICKPEA SIZING Chickpea Sizing BillyBeans Bronic CDC Frontier CDC Orion Nash Sawyer Sierra CA0790B0034C CA0790B0043C CA0790B0547C CA0890B0429C CA0890B0531C >25/64" (10 mm) >22/64" (9 mm) >20/64" (8 mm) <20/64"
27 NORTH IDAHO SPRING PEA Variety Yield (lb/a) 100 Seed Weight (g) Erect Index (0-10) Hampton Ginny Greenwood Aragorn Ariel Banner Columbian CV = 21.4, LSD = 403
28 Website: cereals/north/variety-trials
29 FALLING NUMBERS
30 WHAT ARE FALLING NUMBERS? A measurement of flour quality Indirect measurement of alpha-amylase activity Process where starch in flour is gelatinized by rapid heating in boiling water bath Measurement is the time in seconds for a plunger to fall through the gelatinized starch mixture 300 seconds is the standard
31 MEASURING FALLING NUMBERS? Perten Instruments
32 Pre-harvest sprout FALLING NUMBERS Germination initiates prior to harvest Wet conditions at harvest Increased hydrolytic enzyme activity Soft white varieties more susceptible Late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) Large temperature increase or decrease 26 to 30 days after pollen shed Both soft white and hard wheat affected CIMMYT
33 VARIABILITY IN FALLING NUMBERS Micro-environment differences within a field Sampling error in collecting small grain sample (truck or bin) Variability in the testing procedure
34 2016 GRAIN SAMPLES (BONNERS FERRY) Variety FN Variety FN WB LCS Artdeco 367 WB1376CLP 428 Bruneau 364 Coda 427 Madsen 362 Norwest Duet 404 WB UI Castle CL+ 400 UI Sparrow 359 LCS Drive 391 WB UI-WSU Huffman 390 WB-Junction 333 SY Stephens 326 WB UI Palouse CL+ 312 Puma 377 Jasper 304 Bobtail 368 Brundage UI Magic CL+ 367 SY Ovation 266
35 2016 GRAIN SAMPLES (NEZPERCE) Variety FN Whetstone 445 LCS Colonia 381 LCS Jet 379 UI Silver 374 WB-Arrowhead 368 Keldin 354 Norwest
36 2016 NORTH IDAHO GRAIN SAMPLES Lewiston Genesee Variety FN Variety FN WB-Junction 290 SY Ovation 280 Coda 282 UI Palouse CL+ 264 Norwest Duet 199 UI Palouse CL+ 197 Norwest Brundage Bruneau 166 UI Magic CL+ 153 Moscow Variety FN Jasper 312 WB Brundage SY Ovation 202 Norwest No low FN at Nezperce
37 FUTURE OF FALLING NUMBERS Upcoming Falling Numbers Summit Collaborative research effort USDA-ARS Washington State University University of Idaho Oregon State University
38 STRIPE RUST Favored by cool, wet weather In , disease levels were usually moderate in northern Idaho with some fields containing susceptible varieties experiencing high pressure Photos courtesy of WSU
39 2017 STRIPE RUST FORECAST Dr. Xianming Chen, USDA-ARS, Pullman Model to forecast stripe rust based on winter temperatures Low disease severity Highly susceptible varieties 6% yield loss Model does not account for snow cover Will have better estimation once wheat breaks dormancy Updated forecast expected in March
40 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperator: Tim Dillin Schroeder lab: David White Cole Senefsky Drew Leggett Justin Pickard Jocelyn Bowser Cody Wilmore Aspen Welker Brooklyn Collins Farm crew & extension: Roy Patten Brad Bull Doug Finkelnburg Ken Hart Kathleen Painter Falling numbers: Andrew Ross, OSU
41 Kurt Schroeder cereals/nidaho
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