Jim Orf. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55108

Transcription

1 The Value of a Public Soybean Breeding Program: Past Milestones and Opportunities Ahead Jim Orf Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN Phone: orfxx001@umn.edu Website: Prairie Grains Conference December 9-10,

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3 Public soybean varieties and research vital to soybean industry All varieties (public or private) trace back to public plant introductions Public varieties offer a wider array of genetic diversity than private programs Private companies utilize varieties and breeding lines from public programs 3

4 Time for Variety Development Cross Selfing Selection Yield evaluation Product evaluation Seed multiplication Total ½ year 1-2 years 1 year 2-4 years 1 year 1-2 years 6-10 years 4

5 Current state of conventional breeding in the US Public Sector 18 soybean breeders/geneticists located at Universities AK, GA, IA (2x), IL (2x), IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO (2x), NE, ND, OH, SD, TN, AND VA 7 USDA/ARS geneticists/breeders IA, IL, MS (2x), NC, OH, TN Strong emphasis on non-transgenic approaches to resistance/tolerance to diseases, insects, and other production hazards as well as quality traits DuPont

6 Current state of transgenic/ conventional breeding in the US Private Sector Dominated by about 5 companies Small independent companies are quickly disappearing Private sector still utilizes conventional breeding material licensing issue (+) material could be released (-) material is not likely to be released

7 Food type variety development in the US Public Sector 10 states have food soybean breeding programs Some new and some mature programs (IA, and MN are more than 50 years old) Some are highly effective and release many varieties annually, but most are releasing fewer than in past years

8 Food type variety development in the US Public Sector Varieties are targeted to relatively small and specialized market segments Tofu, Natto, Soy milk, Miso, Soy sauce, Edamame, Soybean sprouts, Tempeh, Nimame Variety types have discrete and specific breeding objectives and requirements Additional requirements greatly increases breeding difficulty DuPont

9 Public breeding programs release general purpose and special purpose (food grade) soybean varieties Public breeding programs offer competitive conventional and (in some cases) transgenic varieties Special purpose varieties are released for use in soyfoods such as soymilk, tofu, natto, etc. large seed, small seed, black seed, yellow hilum, higher protein Public programs work on disease insect and abiotic stress lines; SCN, phytophthora, soybean aphid, IDC, etc. 9

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16 Public breeding programs educate and train students to become breeders in both the public and private sectors Education and training of graduate students unique role in public sector Students work on genetics and/or breeding procedures that are adopted by private breeding programs Students at all levels B.S., M.S., Ph.D. have opportunities for jobs in the private and public sectors 16

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18 Public breeding programs are involved in variety testing of public and private varieties Universities provide unbiased multi-location, multi-year replicated testing of available varieties Information available not only for yield but maturity, protein, oil, disease reactions, IDC scores and special uses Public breeding programs test the newest and latest varieties that may be available to growers 18

19 Variety Tests Northern Central Southern Conv. RR Conv. RR Conv. RR SCN Special * * * * 85 * Central and Southern Tests 3 locations in each zone Variety Tests SCN infested and non-infested

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24 Public breeding programs serve as the outlet for other research conducted at universities Disease resistant lines (sometimes even before the disease is a major problem) from work with pathologists Insect resistant lines from work with entomologists Drought/flooding tolerance from work with physiologists 24

25 White to light yellow soybean cyst nematode females on soybean roots

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32 NIR Samples are analyzed for protein and oil concentration by Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) using a Perten diode array instrument Protein and oil estimates are expressed on a 13% moisture basis Soybean meal Amino acid predictions 32

33 Public breeding programs serve as the outlet for other research conducted at universities (cont d) New or improved traits from work with molecular biologists New or improved food products from work with food scientists More efficient varieties for N 2 fixation from work with microbiologists Varieties that better utilize soil nutrients from work with soil scientists 33

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38 United Soybean Board Chesterfield Grove Road, Suite 130 Chesterfield, MO USB1 (8721) U.S. Soybean Export Council Woodcrest Executive Drive, Suite 140 St. Louis, MO Main telephone: or Fax: Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council 360 Pierce Avenue, Suite 110 North Mankato, MN Phone: (507) Toll Free: (888)

39 Questions? 32