Modernizing the Soil Survey of the United States
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1 Modernizing the Soil Survey of the United States Micheal Golden Director, Soil Survey Division South NCSS Conference Gainesville, Florida July 15, 2008
2 Soil Survey Division Micheal Golden Director Terri Gill Secretary Bob Ahrens National Soil Survey Center Jon Hempel National Geospatial Development Center Maxine Levin National Leader Special Projects & NCSS Liaison Paul Benedict Program Manager Chris Smith National Leader Tech Soil Services Hari Eswaran National Leader World Soil Resources Craig Ditzler National Leader Standards Jon Gerken Assistant Program Manager Lenore Vasilas Technical Soil Specialist Amy Yeh Program Analyst Karl Hipple National Leader Interpretations State Soil Scientist MLRA Regional Offices Paul Reich Geographer/ GIS Specialist Larry West National Leader Research & Lab MLRA-SSO 7/21/2008
3 Legislated 4 Core Mission Functions Congress Has Directed The Secretary Of Agriculture To: Make an Inventory of the Soil Resources of United States & Territories Keep the Soil Survey Current & Relevant to Ever Changing Needs Make Interpretations of the Information and Make it Available in Useful form Promote the Soil Survey and Provide Technical Assistance Soil Marketing
4 Soil Survey Division Priorities Continue MLRA Restructure Plans Establish Remaining Offices Staff with Soil Scientists Continue Technology Development Enhance Web Soil Survey 2.2 Enhance NASIS 6.x Enhance SRITB Accelerate Initial Soil Surveys
5 100+ Years of Meeting Customer Needs Land Capability Units Soil Erosion Units Prime Farmland Soils HEL & PHEL Soils Hydric Soils Soil and ecosystem change Soil Condition Index NCSS established Settlement WWII NEPA Technology
6 The Old Soil Survey Structure 255 Temporary Soil Survey Project Offices 175 Offices had 1-2 Soil Scientists Offices and Staff Moved Every 3-5 Years 3,000 Separate County Soil Survey Subsets
7 Soil Survey Restructure Stability MLRA Soil Survey Restructure Based on Major Land Resource Areas Similar Soils, Climate, Geology, Land Use Each Area Consists of 15 million Acres (average) Soil Scientists Becomes the Expert on Soils in Area Geographic Structure for Update of Spatial and Tabular Soil Data
8 Soil Survey Restructure Stability 18 MLRA Soil Survey Region Offices 146 MLRA Soil Survey Areas 3 Year Transition
9 MLRA Soil Survey Staffing Stability 146 MLRA Soil Survey Areas (113 Offices in Place) Current = 77% Sept 2008 (+9) = 84% Sept 2009 (+20) = 98% > FY09 (+ 4) =100%
10 Building on Technology Efficiency Emphasis on Enhancing existing Soil Data High End Geospatial Workstations that will handle geospatial processing Rugged Outdoor Viewable, GPS enabled Field Tablet Computers
11 Building on Technology Efficiency Utilize New Technologies Complete the Initial Accelerate the Update Soil Resource Inventory Tool Box PEDON PC Spatial Analysis Tools ARCMAP Editing Tools Quality Assurance Tools
12 MLRA Soil Survey Spatial Integration to NASIS Current system is separated into distinct tabular (NASIS) and spatial (SSURGO) databases The NSGD will combine the tabular and spatial databases Soil Survey Schedule Goals and Progress Reporting Check Out - Check In NGDB By MLRA Project Plan
13 MLRA Soil Survey Long Range Plan Entire MLRA Soil Survey Area Prioritize Projects Project Plan Identify Activities Annual Plan Identify Who, What, When
14 Soil Survey Advisory Groups Looking to the Future Soil Business Area Analysis Group Federal Lands Advisory Group NCSS University Advisory Group State Conservationist Advisory Group Soil Interpretation Advisory Group Soil Science Society Association (SSSA) S-5 Digital Soil Mapping Committees
15 Current Status 3,000 Separate Soil Surveys Areas Digitized NASIS - Soil Data Management System Soil Data Mart Storehouse of Official Data Web Soil Survey Delivery to Public 18 MLRA Soil Survey Region Offices - QA 146 MLRA Soil Survey Offices QC Soil Database has 1 Representative Value for each soil property NOT based on land use
16 NCSS Research Opportunities Digital Soil Mapping Decision Support Systems Customer Driven Interpretations Soil Quality Measurements Dynamic Soil Properties Hyper-Spectral Imagery Better Ksat Methods
17 NCSS Federal Partner Needs USFS Initial 37 M Acres Update 23 M Acres BLM Initial 24 M Acres Update 33 M Acres FWS Initial 5 M Acres Update 90 M Acres (Mostly AK) NPS Initial 60 M Acres
18 MLRA Soil Survey Project Plan Be a Scientist Involve NCSS Cooperators Utilize NSSC Liaisons Will Not Walk ALL The Land Will Enhance Current Soil Survey Clean up/edit Topology
19 Future Content Manager Author Text Historical Soil Surveys Historical Papers Research Projects Local Lab Standards Standard Lab Procedures Larry West
20 Goal Healthy & Productive Lands Conservation Technical & Financial Assistance Programs Status & Trends of Resources Soil Survey Location & properties of soils Resource Inventory
21 Current situation Soil survey products do not adequately address Changes to the Soil - During the Human Time Scale Soil properties under different management conditions are not addressed in standard soil survey information
22 Soil Health 1) Soil Contamination Point sources - landfills, mine tailings, chemical spills Non-point sources - Atmospheric deposits of heavy metals 2) Soil Erosion Loss of topsoil 3) Decline in Organic Matter Contributes to atmospheric CO2, degrades ability of soil to function (lower CEC, water holding, crusting, etc.) 4) Soil Sealing Covering the soil with pavement, buildings, etc (Urban Land)
23 Soil Health 5) Soil Compaction From machinery, animal trampling, etc, Lowers infiltration, increases runoff, hinders rooting, etc. 6) Decline of Soil Biodiversity Loss of earthworms and other organisms such as bacteria, fungi, beneficial nematodes, etc Adversely impacts soil health and function 7) Salinization From irrigation practices leading to saline and/or sodic soils 8) Floods and Landslides As impacted by land use decisions and soil degradation
24 Soil Change Vision Enhance National Cooperative Soil Survey Data and Products with Information About How Soils Change
25 Future Soil Survey Develop National Geospatial Data Base Join 3,000 Separate SSURGO Layers Goals and Performance linked to Soil Survey Projects identified in 146 SSO s Long Range Plans Accomplishments linked to Update of Soil Series by Geographic Area Emphasis on Soil Quality/Health
26 Soil Survey Program Plan Emphasis on Benchmark Soils Important soils with Economic Importance Ecological Importance Specialty Crops Engineering Purposes About 1400 Benchmark Soils in USA Complete Soil Lab Characterization Collect Near Surface or Dynamic Soil Properties Based on Land Use
27 Dynamic Soil Properties Soil Quality Field Test Kit
28 Dynamic Soil Properties Prototype Soil Carbon Field Test Kit Designed to Estimate the Biologically Active Fraction of Soil Carbon
29 Summary Soil Change on the Human Time Scale is an Emerging Concept for Soil Survey Start Collecting Dynamic Soil Properties Interpretations Will Emphasize Management Effects on Soil Functions Start to Measure and Identify Soil Quality
30 Implementing The New Soil Survey WILL Provide Stability by Establishing Permanent MLRA Soil Survey Offices Use New Technologies to enhance our Efficiencies & Knowledge of Landscapes Use Web Soil Survey to Deliver our Information to Customers These will Prepare us for the: New Frontiers in Soil Survey
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