Improving Rice Tolerance of Submergence and Salinity to Cope with Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Vietnamese Deltas

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1 VIETNAM ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AGRICULTURAL GENETICS INSTITUTE Improving Rice Tolerance of Submergence and Salinity to Cope with Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Vietnamese Deltas Project leader: Prof. Le Huy Ham Hanoi, April 2016

2 Project basic information: Phase I: Code: 09-P01-VIE Time: Jan.2010 Dec.2012 Phase II: Code: 12-P04-VIE Time: Mar Feb.2016

3 The overall objective - Develop adapted, submergence and salinity tolerant rice varieties using MABC method; - Water management and cropping systems options; - Deploy the new rice varieties in the deltas and coastal areas.

4 Successfully Established team of different diciplines for adaptation to climate change 1. Internation Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 2. Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI) 3. Institute of Hydrology, Meteology and Environment (IMHEN 4. Southern Institute of Water Resource Planning (SIWRP) 5. Cuu Long Rice Research Institute (CLRRI)

5 PROJECT AREA North: Nam Định South: Bạc Liêu

6 Objective 1: Incorporating two QTLs for salinity tolerance and submergence tolerance traits in one rice variety. Results: Field screening + testing + MABC, MAS breeding. Selected lines incorporate: North: Bắc Thơm - Developed 15 lines with two genes South: AS 996 Developed 10 lines with two genes Why SALTOL and SUB1: - Saltol: confers resistance to 0.4%-0.7% salinity level - Sub1: Confer resistance to submergence for 18 days under water -

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8 Identify QTL Saltol in the selected lines M

9 Lines Q5ĐB Sub1 in the submergence experiment day 7 th Submergence test KDĐB Sub1 lines after 10 days Salinity artificial test. The AS996/Sub1- Saltol lines were survived after 18 days in 6 Salinity artificial test. The AS996 saltol lines were survived after 15 days in 6

10 Yield performance of submergence tolerant rice varieties in Yennoi, Ha Noi

11 Objective 2: To improve tolerance to salinity by incorporating additional QTL into salinity tolerance varieties developed, derived in the first phase. Results: - IRRI provided Capsule line with additional QTLs for salinity tolerance. - Population developed from Capsule x AS996 Saltol+Sub1+ additional QTL. - Screening for salinity tolerance up to 0,6%- 0,8%; as innitial results, compare to 0,4%-0,6% - Selected lines from Capsule x AS996 Saltol+Sub1.

12 Screening progenies of AS996 Saltol+Sub1+Capsule

13 Experiment of rice varieties tolerance to submergence and salinity in Giao Thuy-Nam Dinh

14 Objective 3: - Deploy and disseminate the newly developed rice varieties. Results: - OM22 recognized as national new salinity tolerance rice variety for MRD. - SHPT2, SHPT3 are being to recognized as national new submergence tolerance rice varieties for RRD varieties were sent to the National Plant Testing Centre for VCU and/or DUS testing in

15 Susessfully implemented MABC - Not creat new varieties - Improve resistance of existing mega varieties

16 Results of molecular breeding MAS and MABC Combination Lines Generation Recipient genetic background(%) AS996-Sub1 P BC3F2 100 OM6976-Sub1 55 BC3F2 100 KD-Sub1 615 BC4F2 100 BT7-Saltol IL-32 BC3F2 100 AS996-Saltol P BC3F2 100 OM6976- Saltol 81 BC3F2 100

17 Visiting field experiments in Nam Dinh and Bac Lieu

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21 Objectives 4: Establish salinity and submergence map based on sea level rise scenario in Nam Dinh (RRD) and Bac Lieu in (CLRD) PHƯƠNG PHÁP MIKE 11 MODEL Sea level rise scenarios (B2 Scenarios) Cm Year 0 Status VRSAP MODEL

22 Objective 4: -Assess water management and cropping system options for Bac Lieu anh Nam Dinh at different scenarios of SLR. Results in Bac Lieu and Nam Dinh: 1.Detailed modeling and GIS allows high resolution identification of a complex matrix in time and space of hydroclimatic stresses affecting rice-based cropping systems in BL. 2.SLR < 15 cm (up to 2030) does not affect significantly floodrelated and salinity stresses in BL. 3.SLR > 30 cm (beyond 2050) aggravates flood-related stress over the entire province. SLR increases salinity stress in rice growing areas of BL only when SLR > 50 cm. 4.SLR impacts on salinity are less severe than those on flooding thanks to the existing salinity controls in BL and surrounding areas.

23 Objective 5: Capacity building Results: Improving equipments and human capacity: - 8 researchers were trained at IRRI - 4 scientists visited IRRI. - 2 Ph.D. were completed. - 2 Ph.D students will complete theirs Ph.D thesis. -1 Ph. D enrolled - 6 M.Sc were completed national and international publications - 2 monograph books. - Equipments for carried out the project.

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26 Collaboration with IRRI: - IRRI scientists played significant role in the success of the project. - AGI and IRRI had very good collaboration in: + exchanged scientific methods, informations. + provided very good donor materials for breeding + trainned staffs for AGI + helped for assessing impacts of SLR on the flooding and salinity regimes of Nam Dinh and Bac Lieu Provinces.

27 Dr. Abdelbagi Ismail Principal Scientist of the Crop and Environmental Sciences Division Dr. To Phuc Tuong, Principal Scientist, Interim Head of the Crop and Environmental Sciences Division Dr. Reiner Wassmann Coordinator of Climate Change Research

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29 Collaboration with with stakeholders and research outreach The companies and AGI implemented together in field trial test for agronomic characters of the new rice varieties from the project, salinity evaluations on the coastal field * Partners: 1. Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN) 2. Southern Institute for Water Resources Planning (SIWRP) 3. International Rice Research Institute 4. Cuu Long Rice Research Institute * Other National cooperations: - National Plant Variety Trial and Testing Centre - Ninh Binh Seed Company - Hai Duong Seed Company - Thanh Hoa Seed Production Company - Xuan Thuy Irrigational Centre, Nam Dinh - Hue Unviversity * Other private companies for expanding the results of the project.

30 1. First project products Improved varieties - already in the farmer field. Improved materials with new genes disseminated for futher development 2.Improved material for breeding: lines with two genes; lines with improved salinity tolerance. 2. New methodology for rice breeding Marker assisted Backcrossing (MABC) - has been developed, paved promising way for breeding of multiple tolerance rice varieties for coping with climate changes. 3. Saline map has been established for strategical planning for adaptation to climate changes. 4. Human resources and infrastructure have been improved within the project implementation