Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
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1 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
2 Proteins In living things, proteins are in charge of the expression of our traits (hair/eye color, ability to make insulin, predisposition for cancer, etc.)
3 Proteins Proteins have a wide variety of jobs, including:
4 Proteins Made up of amino acids
5 Proteins Amino acids are put together in different orders according to the groups of 3 nitrogen bases in DNA (called codons).
6 Codon-Amino Acid Code Chart Each amino acid has particular codons (made up of A, U, G, C) on the DNA strand that call for it. We humans use a chart like this
7 But let s back up a little...
8 Transcription= carrying the code DNA holds the code -- instructions for making proteins DNA is found in the nucleus of cells, but proteins are made on ribosomes DNA found here Protein made here
9 Transcription= carrying the code Cells use a messenger molecule (mrna) to carry the instructions stored in DNA out to the ribosomes so that they know how to make the protein mrna
10 Made of nucleotides Like DNA, except: Single stranded, not double Ribose sugar, not deoxyribose Uracil (U), not Thymine (T) RNA vs. DNA
11 Transcription Transcription steps: 1. DNA double helix unzips 2. Free RNA nucleotides form base pairs using the original DNA strand as a template (A-U and C-G) 3. The mrna strand breaks away and leaves the nucleus, carrying the genetic code with it Click on the animation to review:
12 Translation= Making Proteins mrna carries the code from DNA out of the nucleus and to the ribosome Ribosomes (partially made up of rrna) make proteins (chains of amino acids) The mrna code tells the translation RNA (trna) what amino acids to use and in what order using 3 nitrogen bases at a time (codon) -- we mentioned these above.
13 Translation= Making Proteins *See if you can explain what s happening in the diagram below using your notes: containing rrna
14 By now, you ve probably noticed that there are 3 Types of RNA mrna = messenger RNA :carries the code from DNA to the ribosomes rrna = ribosomal RNA: binds to mrna and reads the code trna = transfer RNA : delivers amino acids to the ribosome to assemble the protein
15 Translation steps Click on image below, watch the video through 1:30 and complete the steps on your guided note sheet. **Stop, rewind, rewatch as much as you need to.
16 REVIEW Transcription = DNA code is transcribed into an mrna molecule and leaves the nucleus Translation = mrna code is read at the ribosome and used as instructions to make a protein
17 Proteins Proteins have a wide variety of jobs, including:
18 Proteins Made up of amino acids
19 Proteins Amino acids are put together in different orders according to the groups of 3 nitrogen bases in DNA (called codons).
20 Codon-Amino Acid Code Chart Each amino acid has particular codons (made up of A, U, G, C) on the DNA strand that call for it. We humans use a chart like this
21 But let s back up a little...
22 Transcription= carrying the code DNA holds the code -- instructions for making proteins DNA is found in the nucleus of cells, but proteins are made on ribosomes DNA found here Protein made here
23 Transcription= carrying the code Cells use a messenger molecule (mrna) to carry the instructions stored in DNA out to the ribosomes so that they know how to make the protein mrna
24 Made of nucleotides Like DNA, except: Single stranded, not double Ribose sugar, not deoxyribose Uracil (U), not Thymine (T) RNA vs. DNA
25 Transcription Transcription steps: 1. DNA double helix unzips 2. Free RNA nucleotides form base pairs using the original DNA strand as a template (A-U and C-G) 3. The mrna strand breaks away and leaves the nucleus, carrying the genetic code with it Click on the animation to review:
26 Translation= Making Proteins mrna carries the code from DNA out of the nucleus and to the ribosome Ribosomes (partially made up of rrna) make proteins (chains of amino acids) The mrna code tells the translation RNA (trna) what amino acids to use and in what order using 3 nitrogen bases at a time (codon) -- we mentioned these above.
27 Translation= Making Proteins *See if you can explain what s happening in the diagram below using your notes: containing rrna
28 By now, you ve probably noticed that there are 3 Types of RNA mrna = messenger RNA :carries the code from DNA to the ribosomes rrna = ribosomal RNA: binds to mrna and reads the code trna = transfer RNA : delivers amino acids to the ribosome to assemble the protein
29 Translation steps Click on image below, watch the video through 1:30 and complete the steps on your guided note sheet. **Stop, rewind, rewatch as much as you need to.
30 REVIEW Transcription = DNA code is transcribed into an mrna molecule and leaves the nucleus Translation = mrna code is read at the ribosome and used as instructions to make a protein
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