Choice of resistant cultivars to reduce mycotoxin risk in oats. Oats 2020 Nov 25, 2015

Transcription

1 Choice of resistant cultivars to reduce mycotoxin risk in oats Oats 2020 Nov 25, 2015

2 A collaborative research effort Lars Reitan Stein Bergersen Trond Buraas Jon Arne Dieseth Åsmund Bjørnstad Selamawit Tekle Helge Skinnes Morten Lillemo Choice of resistant cultivars Norwegian University of Life Sciences 2

3 FHB in Norway Severe FHB epidemics in Norway High levels of mycotoxins in small grained cereals, especially in oats Increased F. graminearum prevalence; major DON producer in Norway Development of specialized cereal production regions and high precipitation Hofgaard et al., 2010 Sundheim et al., 2013 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 3

4 Poor seed germination a big problem in oats Mycotoxins like DON: Seedling blight Choice of resistant cultivars Norwegian University of Life Sciences 4

5 Trials Breeding trials: Designed by Graminor primarily to identify new varieties that are resistant to FHB Genetic trials To study the resistance genetics of FHB Choice of resistant cultivars Norwegian University of Life Sciences 5

6 Reliable field testing Spawn inoculation Mist irrigation Field data (Flowering time, height, disease...) Mycotoxin and germination tests Choice of resistant cultivars Norwegian University of Life Sciences 6

7 DON ppm DON varietal differences DON oats LSD 5% = 2.5 Lillemo et al, Wheat breeding in Norway Norwegian University of Life Sciences 7

8 Germination (%) Germination varietal differences Germination ability oats LSD 5% = Lillemo et al, Wheat breeding in Norway Norwegian University of Life Sciences 8

9 Germination (%) The DON vs germination relationship GN09111 GN09004 Hurdal Akseli Average data from R² = Lillemo et al, Odal Belinda Gimse Vinger Avetron Hurum Haga GN09146 Ringsaker Avanty Symphony 65 Nike Mirella Bessin DON (ppm) Wheat breeding in Norway Norwegian University of Life Sciences 9

10 Genetic Trials Two F8 mapping populations Hurdal x Z595-7(184 lines) and Hurdal x Z615-4 (91 lines) 3 years field testing QTL mapping 432 spring oats from North America and Europe (CORE) 2 years field testing GWAS He, et al., 2013 Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 10

11 Clear field differences in the CORE material DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 11

12 Line frequency Line frequency Line frequency Z595- Hurdal DON 2008 < >12 Hurdal Z595-7 DON 2009 < >37 Hurdal x Z595-7 Transgressive and quantitative segregation Both parents contributed resistance genes 0.40 Both parents DON < >20 DON content (ppm) He, et al., 2013 DEPARTMENT 12 OF PLANT SCIENCES

13 DON10 DON09 DON08 Hurdal x Z595-7 Chr_17A GMI_ES01_c25270_71 opt P32M66-80 GMI_ES01_c17183_318 opt opt-7733 opt GMI_ES17_c20752_1084 GMI_ES17_c2826_360 GMI_ES15_c5289_317 GMI_ES17_c15844_381 opt opt opt opt-7687 opt-1879 opt opt-6375 opt-8654 opt opt-9631 opt opt GMI_ES02_c11747_563 GMI_ES01_c8777_202 P32M opt-9004 GMI_ES17_c18122_180 P31M GMI_ES17_c1315_660 Example 6 DON08 DON09 DON10 FHB PH DH DM Qdon.umb-17A/7C explained up to 25% of the variation in DON Detected in all experimental years independent of phenology Verified in HZ615 population Other QTL were found on 5C, 9D, 13A, and 14D <10% of DON variation Not in all experimental years QTL on 9D and 13A co-localized with QTLs for agronomic traits He, et al., 2013 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 13

14 No. of entries No. of entries Phenotype distributions: CORE FHB Mean DON Mean < >25 FHB AUDPC 0 < >25 DON content (ppm) Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 14

15 Structure within the CORE Red= Midwest, Green= Canada and North Dakota Blue= Aberdeen, Grey= Nordic Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 15

16 Mean DON content (ppm) 35 Canada Midwest 30 Nordic US_other Check Horizon Legget Mean FHB (AUDPC) Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 16

17 Correlations: resistance traits and phenology DTF DTM PH FHB *** -0.48*** -0.50*** FHB *** -0.57*** -0.43*** FHB_M -0.81*** -0.62*** -0.52*** DON *** *** DON *** -0.13* -0.21*** DON_M -0.28*** -0.14* -0.24*** Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 17

18 QTL influencing FHB and DON Statstically significant QTL on Mrg12/13A at 41cM FHB11,12, M independent of flowering time and height 13A QTL for DON10, PH and DTF (He et. al, 2013) Other minor QTLs significant only on one of the years or dependent on flowering time and height were detected Mrg11/1C for FHB Qdon-umb-17A/7C Bjørnstad et al, submitted DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 18

19 Anther extrusion: a potential trait for FHB resistance in oats? DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES 19

20 Thank you