Tropical Ecosystem and Soil Development. Joost van Haren Ecology 596L 09/03/10
|
|
|
- Marcia Sparks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tropical Ecosystem and Soil Development Joost van Haren Ecology 596L 09/03/10
2 Ecosystem biomass strongly dependent on soil Manaus, BDFF plots
3 Biomass carbon increment (t C/ha/yr) Ecosystem growth strongly dependent on soil Old oxisols Spodosol/psamment Malhi, LBA meeting 2008 n = 95 Ultisols Younger oxisols Crystalline shield Holocene alluvium Increasing fertility Older alluvium inceptisols/andisols
4 Main questions I ll address How do necessary ecosystem ingredients (C, H, O, N, P, S, and micro nutrients) get into organisms? What factors influence soil formation? Effect of time, parent material, and land-use change on soil nutrient content and ecosystem development How does soil nutrient content vary over time Do soils influence tree diversity or do plants influence soil evolution? Final grab bag: influence of land use change and fertilization Do plant species really care what nutrient source is available? Why do so many legumes not fix nitrogen?
5 How do necessary ecosystem ingredients get into above ground organisms? Organisms need: Carbon Nutrients N S P Cations (Ca +, Mg +, K +,...) Micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, ) Water Ultimate source Atmosphere (CO 2 ) (via biological photosynthesis) Atmosphere (N 2 is 80%) (via biological fixation and deposition) (SO 2-4 wet deposition) Atmosphere Ocean Parent rock material (via chemical weathering) Atmospheric deposition (from dust storms & fire) (via evaporation & recon-densation as precip.)
6 Organisms need: Carbon Nutrients N S P Cations (Ca +, Mg +, K +,...) Micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, ) Water How do necessary ecosystem ingredients get into above ground organisms? Ultimate source Atmosphere (CO 2 ) (via biological photosynthesis) Atmosphere (N 2 is 80%) (via biological fixation and deposition) Atmosphere (SO 4 2- wet deposition) Ocean Parent rock material (via chemical weathering) Atmospheric deposition (from dust storms & fire) (via evaporation & recon-densation as precip.) ENERGY Sun and chemical reactions
7 Carbon How do necessary ecosystem ingredients get into soil/below ground organisms? Organisms need: Nutrients N S P Cations (Ca +, Mg +, K +,...) Micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, ) Water Ultimate source Atmosphere (CO 2 ) (from plants via photosynthesis) Atmosphere (N 2 is 80%) (via biological fixation and deposition) (SO 2-4 wet deposition) Atmosphere Ocean Parent rock material (via chemical weathering) Atmospheric deposition (from dust storms & fire) (via evaporation & recon-densation as precip.) ENERGY Sun and chemical reactions
8 Plant compounds What are nutrients used for in plants? N: chlorophyll, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), amino acids, enzymes, proteins, vitamins, and hormones P: nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), phospholipids (cell wall), adenosine triphosphate (ATP, energy storage and transfer), and phosphopyridine nucleotides (NAD+, NADP+) S: proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, and hormones Metal micronutrients: enzymes
9 Main questions I ll address Soil nutrient dynamics How do necessary ecosystem ingredients (C, H, O, N, P, S, and micro nutrients) get into organisms? What factors influence soil formation? Effect of time, parent material, and land-use change on soil nutrient content and ecosystem development
10 How is soil generated from rocks? Weathering
11 Soil Formation S is any soil variable such as ph, texture, porosity, Ca content, etc. Jenny 1941
12 Soil Formation All important in ecosystem development and diversity S is any soil variable such as ph, texture, porosity, Ca content, etc. Jenny 1941
13 Tropical soil and ecosystem development over time: example from Hawaii
14 Hawaii as a model of ecosystem development over 4.1 Myrs Hawaiian islands are extraordinary natural laboratory allowing chronosequences in which (ideally) all factors except time are held constant Chadwick et al. (1999)
15 Extractable N & P (mg g -1 ) Exchangeable cations (meq 100 g -1 ) Soil age (kyr) a Mg 4 Ca Ca b Mg N (NH 4 +NO 3 ) P x10 Soil evolution over time Species Max Canopy height P N None of the native Hawaiian tree species are legumes. N trend without legume trees! Easily exchangeable rock-derived cations (Mg, Ca) drop off through time due to leaching. Atmospheric source nutrient (N) increases with time. P is not as easily weathered off as Mg and Ca (see below) available P rises as weathering proceeds, then falls off due to leaching.
16 Chadwick et al. 1999: Soil evolution over time Ca loss Ca drops off through time (main source is parent rock) Importance of atmospheric deposition as source increases Ca from sea salt P loss P drops off through time (main source is parent rock) In oldest soils, most is from atmospheric dust (a source likely 10X stronger in ice ages than interglacials), though bird poop cannot be excluded P from Asian dust
17 Tree growth Hawaii as a model of ecosystem development over 4.1 Myrs Fertilization Experiments on Chronosequence Young sites N-limited Middle sites jointly-limited Old sites P-limited Treatment: Control N P N+P Chadwick et al. (1999) Vitousek & Farrington (1997)
18 Young soils: Ecosystem development How do young and old soils differ? should be rich in rock-derived elements (P, cations) should be poor in atmospherically derived elements and those from organic matter degradation Older soils: should be poor in rock-derived elements, due to leaching and soil erosion should be richer in elements from atmospheric deposition and those from organic matter degradation
19 Based on the Hawaii story what would you expect for the nutrient status of Amazon basin soils?
20 Based on the Hawaii story what would you expect for the nutrient status of Amazon basin soils? Ca Si Mg Fe K Ca Si Mg Fe K H Fe Al Na Al Fe Si H Si H Na Ca Al K Mg Mg Al H Na Ca Fe Fe Al Fe Si Si H H Kaolinite Gibbsite Hematite Quartz K Al H Al H Na End of Miocene million years ago End of Pleistocene 1-3 million years ago Present
21 Rapid N-recovery in secondary forest N-recovery secondary forests is rapid due to high levels of N-fixation
22 Secondary forests are mainly on old soils (P limited) and years of agriculture deplete soil N.
23 Spatial variability soil texture and fertility: ph = 3.7 N = 0.07% NH 4 -N = 2.5 g g -1 NO 3 -N = 0.5 g g -1 BM N = 27.9 g g -1 Min = 7.6 g g -1 NO 3 prod = 6.1 g g -1 Influence of topography ph = 4.0 N = 0.13% NH 4 -N = 2.7 g g -1 NO 3 -N = 1.4 g g -1 BM N = 72.3 g g -1 Min = 14.1 g g -1 NO 3 prod = 15.4 g g -1 ph = 4.0 N = 0.22% NH 4 -N = 4.2 g g -1 NO 3 -N = 1.3 g g -1 BM N = g g -1 Min = 19.3 g g -1 NO 3 prod = 21.6 g g -1 Livingston et al. 1988
24 Topography Parent material Time Jenny 1941 Soil texture Precipitation Soil Fertility Organisms Nutrient leaching Annual Dry-wet cycles ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
25 Soil Nutrient content Forest diversity Temperate forests: Old russian scientists already noticed that soils under broadleaf vs needleleaf forests were different. Led to incorporation of organisms into the soil development function of Jenny (1941) S = f(parent material, topography, time, climate, organisms,..) High diversity in tropical forests makes analyses difficult
26 John et al. (2007) Soil chemistry and forest diversity Per plot 300 soil samples are taken from 0-10cm; 1 per 20x20m block (composite of 3 samples taken at the center, 2 and 8m away from the center). Used PC analyses for soil nutrients to correlate with plant species with either a minimum of 5 or 50 individuals.
27 - Niche breaths indicate different nutrients most influential on species distribution Conclusion: soil nutrient content influences plant diversity
28 - Niche breaths indicate different nutrients most influential on species distribution Conclusion: soil nutrient content influences plant diversity Problems: - Causality problem, also possible: soil nutrient differences due to plant species composition - Strongest influence of K and Ca on niche structure at La Planada and Yasuni, respectively is surprising. - Only 0-10cm of soil sampled. Depth most strongly influenced by vegetation.
29 Contrary evidence Plantation La Selva, CR: -Monoculture or mixed species -32x32m plots -3 Randomized blocks with 4 replicates and 6 treatments (4 monocultures, mixed, and fallow) Main conclusions: -above-ground biomass and nutrient mass species very different -Main nutrient differences in stem biomass, i.e., strongly related to GR -5 years after planting significant effects on soil P concentration (to 35 cm depth) Montagnini 2000
30 Contrary evidence Plantation La Selva, CR: -Monoculture or mixed species -32x32m plots -3 Randomized blocks with 4 replicates and 6 treatments (4 monocultures, mixed, and fallow) Main conclusions: -above-ground biomass and nutrient mass species very different -Main nutrient differences in stem biomass, i.e., strongly related to GR -5 years after planting significant effects on soil P concentration (to 35 cm depth) If monocultures already influence soil P below them after 5 years, why not large (>300 yr old) trees in diverse forests? Montagnini 2000
31 Summary Soil nutrient variability in three tropical forest plots appears to influence 36-51% of species distribution Multiple nutrients most influential at different sites I am not convinced that the John et al. paper really represents soil nutrient influence on tree species distribution
32 Land-use Fertilization effects Forest growth? Species effects? Nutrient cycling? Land-use change leads to dust N and P fertilization from agriculture fire adds NH3, P, and micronutrients to natural ecosystems
33 Tree growth Hawaii as a model of ecosystem development over 4.1 Myrs Fertilization Experiments on Chronosequence Young sites N-limited Middle sites jointly-limited Old sites P-limited Treatment: Control N P N+P Chadwick et al. (1999) Vitousek & Farrington (1997)
34 Effect of soil nutrient status on Ecosystem response to fertilization
35 P fertilization P fertilization in CR Microbial growth in P-poor soils is P limited Respiration increases only when both C and P added N, P, and M fertilization Methods: Continuously fertilized forest plots with N, P, and M (mix of micronutrients) Measured litter decomposition on litter sampled over a period of 6 yrs Findings: Enhanced reproductive litter on N fertilized plots K and P enhance cellulose and litter decomposition Cleveland et al. (2005) Conclusions: Tropical forests subject to multiple nutrient limitation N fertilization could change species reproductive investment and potentially long-term competition Kaspari et al. 2008
36 Fertilization summary Limited data suggest that fertilization effects can change Forest carbon and nutrient uptake species competition Litter decomposition rates N cycling Davidson et al. (2007) paper suggest that this can have strong effects within present day human life-times
37 Houlton Climate driven switch N uptake Plant species do not care what source of nitrogen they use!
38 Legume abundance explained?
39 ter Steege et al. (2006) Neotropical legume occurrence
40 15 N evidence Nardoto (2005)
41 So why do legumes not fix N? Too carbon intensive? Too P intensive? But why are they so abundant then? Are very important as early colonizers Relatively fast growers Are more versatile
42 Soil development summary Organisms need both soil and atmosphere derived nutrients Under natural conditions soil nutrient changes are relatively fast for atmospheric derived nutrients, but slow for soil derived nutrients Time frame of soil derived nutrients depends on soil depth and nutrient retention
43 Supporting evidence La Selva, CR: -8 trees per species -8 samples combined per tree -Pair wise comparison to avoid soil specific variability P and K suggest soil variability, though large uncertainty Powers et al Crews et al. 1995
Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils
Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils What are Nutrient (biogeochemical) Cycles? a process by which nutrients are recycled between living organisms and nonliving environment. The three general types of nutrient
Reduced N in precipitation as N source for boreal bryophytes
Reduced N in precipitation as N source for boreal bryophytes Annika Nordin and Åsa Forsum Umeå Plant Science Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Reduced N in precipitation as N source for
Ecology, the Environment, and Us
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 23 Ecology, the Environment, and Us Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University
3 3 Cycles of Matter. EOC Review
EOC Review A freshwater plant is placed in a salt marsh. Predict the direction in which water will move across the plant s cell wall, and the effect of that movement on the plant. a. Water would move out
1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods?
Use with textbook pages 68 87. Nutrient cycles Answer the questions below. Comprehension 1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods? 2. Name a biotic process and an abiotic
LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 3 4 5 2 5 1B 6B 1A 6A 7 6C LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE 1A. Evaporation of water from oceans 1B. Evaporation of water from land sources (water and
What does each part of the equation mean? q=cm T
Assignment #10 Energy Pyramids LO: I can define trophic levels and explain the energy flow. I can apply those ideas to food webs EQ: Where does all the energy from the sun go? (4-5 sentences) LEVEL ZERO
Ecosystems: Nutrient Cycles
Ecosystems: Nutrient Cycles Greeks, Native Peoples, Buddhism, Hinduism use(d) Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as the main elements of their faith/culture Cycling in Ecosystems the Hydrologic Cycle What are
Microbial biomass, ammonium, and nitrate levels in the soil across a northeastern hardwood/mixed conifer chronosequence Abstract Intro
Molly Radosevich EEB 381 General Ecology Dr. Shannon Pelini Microbial biomass, ammonium, and nitrate levels in the soil across a northeastern hardwood/mixed conifer chronosequence Abstract Wildfire is
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
How Ecosystems Work Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS Heterotrophs get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS Two Main forms of
Food web Diagram that shows how food chains are linked together in a complex feeding relationship
Energy Flow Food web Diagram that shows how food chains are linked together in a complex feeding relationship The food web has a number of advantages over a food chains including: More than one producer
Cycles of Matter. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cycles of Matter 1 of 33 The purpose of this lesson is to learn the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. This PowerPoint will provide most of the required information you need to accomplish
3.4 Cycles of Matter. Recycling in the Biosphere. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Summary
3.4 Cycles of Matter Lesson Objectives Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Describe how water cycles through the biosphere. Explain why nutrients are important
Unit 2: Ecology. Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology
Unit 2: Ecology Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology Ecology Probe: Answer the questions and turn it in! This is a standard aquarium with a population of fish. There is no filter in this aquarium and no one
Chapter 19. Nutrient Cycling and Retention. Chapter Focus. The hydrological cycle. Global biogeochemical cycles. Nutrient cycling
Chapter Focus Chapter 19 Nutrient Cycling and Retention Nutrient cycling Phosphorus Nitrogen Carbon Water, Sulfur Decomposition Biotic effect on nutrient distribution and cycling Disturbance Global biogeochemical
Cycles of Ma,er. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Lesson Overview Cycles of Ma,er Lesson Overview 3.4 Cycles of Matter THINK ABOUT IT A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these
Forest carbon allocation as a determinant of net primary productivity. Ivan Janssens
Forest carbon allocation as a determinant of net primary productivity Ivan Janssens 4. Take home messages: 1. Variation in forest GPP* is predominantly climate-controlled, In contrast: variation in NPP**/GPP
ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important
ECOSYSTEMS Follow along in chapter 54 *Means less important How do ecosystems function? What is an ecosystem? All living things in an area and their abiotic environment Ecosystem function can be easily
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE. nutrients: aka.
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE nutrients: stores: aka Nutrients are accumulated for short or long periods
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Reading Questions
APES Name 22 Module 7 Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 17 Module 6 The Movement of Energy 18 Ecosystem Field Walk 19 Module 7 The 23 Module 8 Responses to Disturbances
Biogeochemical Cycles Webquest
Name: Date: Biogeochemical Cycles Webquest In this webquest you will search for information that will answer questions about the water, carbon/oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous cycles using the listed websites.
Nutrients elements required for the development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms.
Nutrient Cycles Energy flows through ecosystems (one way trip). Unlike energy, however, nutrients (P, N, C, K, S ) cycle within ecosystems. Nutrients are important in controlling NPP in ecosystems. Bottom-up
Managing Soils for Improved Pasture
Managing Soils for Improved Pasture Jonathan Deenik, PhD Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawaii Rota Grazing and Livestock Management Workshop June 10-12, 12, 2010 1 Water
7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007
Global Nutrient Cycling - Biogeochemical Cycles 7.14 Lecture 2: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 27 Uptake Bioelements in Solution Weathering Precipitation Terrestrial Biomass Decomposition Volatile Elements
Consequences of Nitrogen Deposition to Rocky Mountain National Park
Consequences of Nitrogen Deposition to Rocky Mountain National Park Jill S. Baron, US Geological Survey M.Hartman, D.S.Ojima, K. Nydick, H.M. Rueth B.Moraska Lafrancois, A.P. Wolfe, J. Botte, W.D. Bowman
Human perturbations to the global Nitrogen cycle
Human perturbations to the global Nitrogen cycle Lecture for Biogeochemistry and Global Change Edzo Veldkamp The pace of human caused global change has increased in modern history, but none so rapidly
Guide 34. Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles. p://www.mordantorange.com/blog/archives/comics_by_mike_bannon/mordant_singles/0511/
Guide 34 Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles p://www.mordantorange.com/blog/archives/comics_by_mike_bannon/mordant_singles/0511/ Overview: Ecosystems, Energy, and Matter An ecosystem consists
Slide 1 / All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a. Population Community Biome Biosphere
Slide 1 / 40 1 ll of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a Population ommunity iome iosphere Slide 2 / 40 2 ll the plants, animals, fungi living in a pond make up a
The Nutrient Cycle. Atmospheric pool. Organic material. 5 Soil solution storage
The Nutrient Cycle Atmospheric pool Precipitation Canopy, wood, and root Litter fall SOIL 2 Soil and rock minerals cations 1 2 3 Groundwater level Organic material 5 Soil solution storage 4 4 Channel BEDROCK
Chapter 2. Table of Contents. Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships. Section 2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem. Section 3 Cycling of Matter
Ecosystems Table of Contents Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships Section 2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Section 3 Cycling of Matter Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships Interactions
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 18 September 2012 Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 6 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen cycle Nitrification Emissions
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 6 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen cycle Nitrification Emissions of N gases from soils
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
E Stuart Chapin III Pamela A. Matson Harold A. Mooney Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Illustrated by Melissa C. Chapin With 199 Illustrations Teehnische Un.fversitSt Darmstadt FACHBEREIGH 10
RipCycles & Nutrient Travels
RipCycles & Nutrient Travels Adapted from: Water Wonders in Project Learning Tree produced by The American Forest Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1996. Nutrient Cycling Grade Level: Part A: Intermediate
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems CARBON CYCLE A. Carbon Facts: Carbon is found in all living matter. Places that carbon is found are called stores or sinks Short-term Stores Long-term Stores - living
Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Life Depends on the Sun Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work
Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work Name: Unit 2 1 In this second part of Unit 2, our big idea questions are: SECTION 1 How is energy transferred from the Sun to producers and then to consumers? Why do
WHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein!
Nitrogen Cycle 2.2 WHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein! In animals, proteins are vital for muscle function. In plants, nitrogen is important for growth. NITROGEN Nitrogen
Chapter Introduction. Matter. Ecosystems. Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Abiotic Factors Cycles of Matter Chapter Wrap-Up Energy in Ecosystems How do living things and the nonliving parts of the environment interact? What do you
Chapter 4. Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Ecosystems Chapter 4 Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem Key Vocabulary Terms 7 Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Community A group of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with
Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems.
13.5 Cycling of Matter KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem. MAIN IDEAS Water cycles through the environment. Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems. VOCABULARY hydrologic
Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)
Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.2 Biogeochemical Cycles (pages 42 52) In order to survive and grow, organisms must obtain nutrients that serve as sources of energy or chemical building blocks,
Florida Science Cu rriculum Framework Grades 1-2
Grades 1-2 Reference Benchmark Wetlands Rainforest SC.B.1.1.5 know that every human action requires energy that comes from food. Food Web, Organisms SC.D.1.1.2 know that life occurs on or near the surface
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems. Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid?
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr1iebeops https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alusi_6ol8m
NATURAL. Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 14 NATURAL RESOURCES Multiple Choice Questions 1. The atmosphere of the earth is heated by radiations which are mainly (a) radiated by the sun (b) re-radiated by land (c) re-radiated by water (d)
from volcanoes; carbonate (CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 . The sinks are carbonate rock weathering + SiO2. Ca HCO
The Carbon Cycle Chemical relations We would like to be able to trace the carbon on Earth and see where it comes and where it goes. The sources are CO 2 from volcanoes; carbonate (CaCO 3 ) formation in
Dynamic Regional Carbon Budget Based on Multi-Scale Data-Model Fusion
Dynamic Regional Carbon Budget Based on Multi-Scale Data-Model Fusion Mingkui Cao, Jiyuan Liu, Guirui Yu Institute Of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Toward
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 20 September 2016 Reading: Schlesinger & Bernhardt, Chapter 6 2016 Frank Sansone 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen
UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS
UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS Chapter 2 Biogeochemical Cycles Science 10 Change & Recovery in Ecosystems (you do not need to copy) What happens to the materials that make up a truck when it begins to rust?
Chapter 2 9/15/2015. Chapter 2. Penny Boat. 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Cycles of Matter 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter 2.2 Biogeochemical Cycles 2.3 the Balance of the Matter and Energy Exchange 2.1 The Role of Water in Cycles of Matter In this
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment. BIOCHEMIST: Scientists who study how LIFE WORKS at a CHEMICAL level. The work of biochemists has
Class IX Chapter 14 Natural Resources Science
Question 1: How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth s atmosphere is different from those of Venus and Mars. This difference lies essentially in their compositions.
NCERT solution for Natural Resources
1 NCERT solution for Natural Resources Question 1 How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (79%), oxygen (20%), and a small fraction
The Biosphere and Biogeochemical Cycles
The Biosphere and Biogeochemical Cycles The Earth consists of 4 overlapping layers: Lithosphere Hydrosphere (and cryosphere) Atmosphere Biosphere The Biosphere The biosphere is the layer of life around
NOTEBOOK. Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/ Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16
NOTEBOOK Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/16 10. Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16 NOTEBOOK Assignment Page(s): Agenda: Tuesday, September 20, 2016 Properties of Water Water & Carbon Cycles 1.
We share the Earth. Ecology & Environmental Issues
We share the Earth Ecology & Environmental Issues 1 with a whole lot of other creatures We don t share very well. 2 Ecology Putting it all together study of interactions between creatures & their environment,
Unit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling
Unit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling Systems in the Environment are not Independent of one Another Central Case Study: The Vanishing Oysters of the Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake
Carbon fluxes and sequestration opportunities in grassland ecosystems
GCP, Beijing, 15-18 November 2004. Regional Carbon Budgets: from methodologies to quantification Carbon fluxes and sequestration opportunities in grassland ecosystems Jean-Francois Soussana INRA, Grassland
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
Chapter Concepts Chapter 20 SUCCESSION AND STABILITY Community changes during succession include increases in species diversity and changes in species composition Ecosystem changes during succession include
How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1
Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide
Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide Below is an outline of the topics and concepts covered on the final exam. This packet also includes a practice test, along with answers to questions 1-44. You may submit
The Cycling of Matter
Section 2 Objectives Describe the short-term and long-term process of the carbon cycle. Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. List the three stages of the nitrogen cycle. Describe
Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycles Chapters 3
Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycles Chapters 3 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Figure 3-2 Prokaryotic cells: Have organelles. Bacteria and Archaea are composed of prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells: cells,
Ecology: Part 2. Biology Mrs. Bradbury
Ecology: Part 2 Biology Mrs. Bradbury Model 1: Food Chains Food Chain simple model showing the movement of matter and energy through ecosystems. Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers Arrows show energy transfer
Ecosystems. Studying Organisms In Their Environment. Division Ave. High School AP Biology. organism. population. community. ecosystem.
Ecosystems Studying Organisms In Their Environment organism population community ecosystem biosphere 1 Essential questions What limits the production in ecosystems? How do nutrients move in the ecosystem?
Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem
Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem What is ecology? Global human issues Physical limits Ecosystems Organisms Populations Species Interactions Communities Energy flows and nutrients cycle C, H 2 0, P,
CHAPTER 49 ECOSYSTEMS
CHAPTER 49 ECOSYSTEMS I. INTRODUCTION A. An ecosystem 1. Whereas a community consists of all the organisms in a certain boundary that are close enough for some sort of interaction, an ecosystem: -is defined
MWELO Providing Insight on Soil and Compost Requirements. Will Bakx
MWELO Providing Insight on Soil and Compost Requirements Will Bakx www.sonomacompost.com willbakx@sonomacompost.com Soils: 2 Sections 492.5 Soil Management report 492.6(3) Soil Preparation, Mulch and Amendments
How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1
Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
Ecosystems under impact of global changes and disturbances studied by LTER Slovakia
Ecosystems under impact of global changes and disturbances studied by Slovakia Ľuboš Halada 1, Peter Fleischer 2 1 ) Institute of Landscape Ecology SAS, Slovakia 2 ) Research station of the State Forests
Multiple Choice. Name Class Date
Chapter 3 The Biosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following descriptions about the
Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems Lecture #10 (9.22.11) Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling (Schlesinger: Chapter 7) 1. Primary Production and Nutrient Cycling in Lakes Physical aspects and nomenclature
Keeping Water and Nutrients in the Citrus Tree Root Zone. Tom Obreza and Arnold Schumann
Keeping Water and Nutrients in the Citrus Tree Root Zone Tom Obreza and Arnold Schumann Topics Typical nutrient and water management practices. Nutrient budgets. N in groundwater and P in runoff. Opportunities
Nutrient Cycling 1: The nitrogen cycle
Nutrient Cycling 1: The nitrogen cycle I. Introduction A. Changes to the global N cycle (Ch. 15) 1. Global pools and fluxes 2. Changes 3. Consequences B. Overview of the ecosystem N cycle (Ch. 9) 1. Major
ECO Farming in the 21 st Century Recycling Soil Nutrients
ECO Farming in the 21 st Century Recycling Soil Nutrients James J. Hoorman hoorman.1@osu.edu www.mccc@msu.edu Healthy Soil versus Sick Soil Healthy soils have these things in common: 1) Live plants growing
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment
Chapter 3 and 4 Study Guide Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment This includes both biotic and abiotic factors- biotic factors are living
CHAPTER 14 ECOSYSTEM POINTS TO REMEMBER Startification : Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem. Primary Production : Amount of biomas or organic matter produced
WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer
Ecology WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology is a science of relationships WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ENVIRONMENT?
Oceans OUTLINE. Reading: White, Chapter 15 Today Finish estuaries and particles, then: 1. The oceans: currents, stratification and chemistry
Oceans OUTLINE Reading: White, Chapter 15 Today Finish estuaries and particles, then: 1. The oceans: currents, stratification and chemistry Next Time Salinity Exercise bring something to calculate with
Carbon is an element. It is part of oceans, air, rocks, soil and all living things. Carbon doesn t stay in one place. It is always on the move!
The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an element. It is part of oceans, air, rocks, soil and all living things. Carbon doesn t stay in one place. It is always on the move! Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants.
The Nutrient Cycle. Atmospheric pool. Organic material. 5 Soil solution storage
The Nutrient Cycle Atmospheric pool Precipitation Canopy, wood, and root Litter fall SOIL 2 Soil and rock minerals cations 1 2 3 Groundwater level Organic material 5 Soil solution storage 4 4 Channel BEDROCK
Lecture 17 Guest Lecturer this week. Prof. Greg Ravizza
Lecture 17 Guest Lecturer this week. Prof. Greg Ravizza Migrating Reservoirs in the Hydrologic Cycle - Inorganic solubility examples from Rain and River chemistry Migrating Reservoirs in the Hydrologic
How to measure soil health. Caley Gasch NDSU Soil Health Research
How to measure soil health Caley Gasch NDSU Soil Health Research caley.gasch@ndsu.edu Ecosystem Soil Health Time Soil Function Biology Physics Chemistry What is soil health? Contamination Natural & industrial
Unit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 2:Understanding Forest Ecology
Unit A: Introduction to Forestry Lesson 2:Understanding Forest Ecology 1 Terms Bole Ecology Ecosystem Forest ecology Hardening-off Hardiness Material cycle Mycorrhizae Overstory Photoperiod Stratification
NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?)
NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?) Why? We have learned the importance of recycling our trash. It allows us to use something again for another purpose and prevents the loss
Name Hour. Section 3-1 What Is Ecology? (pages 63-65) Interactions and Interdependence (page 63) 1. What is ecology?
Name Hour Section 3-1 What Is Ecology? (pages 63-65) Interactions and Interdependence (page 63) 1. What is ecology? 2. What does the biosphere contain? _ Levels of Organization (page 64) 3. Why do ecologists
Specialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management. Larry Zibilske, Ph.D.
Specialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management. CORN AGRONOMY NOTE CROP NUTRITION - 1 Larry Zibilske, Ph.D. Corn is a staple of American agriculture. In recent years
Ecosystems & Energy Chapter 5
Ecosystems & Energy Chapter 5 Energy Exchange in Ecosystems Cells Cells - minute compartments in a living organism which carry out processes of life Surrounded by lipid membrane controlling flow of materials
Ecosystems Section 1 What Is an Ecosystem? Objectives Distinguish Describe Sequence Interactions of Organisms and Their Environment Ecology Habitat
Name Period Ecosystems Section 1 What Is an Ecosystem? Objectives Distinguish an ecosystem from a community. Describe the diversity of a representative ecosystem. Sequence the process of succession. Interactions
Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide
Name: Date: Block: Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide 1. Directions: Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. Ecology Biotic factors Nonliving Environments Atmosphere Humans
Division Ave. High School Ms. Foglia AP Biology. Nucleic acids. AP Biology Nucleic Acids. Information storage
Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage 2006-2007 1 DNA Nucleic Acids Function: u genetic material stores information w genes w blueprint for building proteins n DNA RNA proteins transfers
The Carbon Cycle. Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 DATE: NAME: CLASS:
CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 The Carbon Cycle Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-20 The Carbon Cycle Concept Map Goal Use this page to make a concept map about the carbon cycle. What
What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment.
Chapter 18 What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment. What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is the sum
Ecosystems and the Biosphere: Energy Flow Through the Ecosystem and the Recycling of Matter
Name Ecosystems and the Biosphere: Energy Flow Through the Ecosystem and the Recycling of Matter Overview: An ecosystem is: All of the organisms living on Earth need to carry out life processes such as
Nucleic acids AP Biology
Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Function: u genetic material DNA stores information w genes w blueprint for building proteins n DNA RNA proteins transfers
Concept of Organic Farming S S R A N A S R S C I E N T I S T
S S R A N A S R S C I E N T I S T Concept 2 Organic farming endorses the concept that the soil, plant, animals and human beings are linked. In philosophical terms organic farming means farming in sprits
Niche and Habitat a species plays in a community. What it does all
Ecosystem Dynamics What is ecology? Study of the interactions between parts of the environment Connections in nature Abiotic: soil comp. Biotic: and Abiotic and Biotic factors factors in the environment
Tropical Agro-Ecosystem Function
Tropical Agro-Ecosystem Function Soil factors affecting agriculture in the tropics Soil quality indicators Dr. Ronald F. Kühne; rkuehne@gwdg.de Georg-August-University Göttingen Department for Crop Sciences
Rhizosphere Affects on Soil Quality. Slake Test Demonstration Infiltration Test
Rhizosphere Affects on Soil Quality Slake Test Demonstration Infiltration Test George D. Derringer Resource Soil Scientist Southwest Ohio 937-836-5428 Ext. 107 This is the same soil- What happened? Both