Development of a guideline for seedling evaluation of Glycine max. Ing. Agr. (M. Sc.) Ignacio Aranciaga Instituto Nacional de Semillas Argentina

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1 Development of a guideline for seedling evaluation of Glycine max Instituto Nacional de Semillas Argentina

2 Introduction Processed soybeans are the world's largest source of animal protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. Glycine max is a very important specie for America (USA, Brazil and Argentina are the biggest producer of the world of this crop). USA: 108,000,000 Tn Brazil: 94,500,000 Tn Argentina: 60,800,000 Tn 2

3 Introduction ISTA Method for germination test 3

4 Introduction 4

5 Introduction Pictures and specific criteria for this specie not are present in the ISTA Rules and in the ISTA Handbook. 5

6 Why this work? The vision of ISTA is the uniformity in seed quality evaluation worldwide. 6

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9 Subtitle 9

10 Growth of the seedling during the test 10

11 Shoot System Terminal bud Primary leaves Epicotyl Cotyledons Hypocotyl Root System Primary Root Secondary Roots Normal seedling 11

12 Abnormal seedling Subtitle It is easy the evaluation of Glycine max? 12

13 Several different types of abnormalities 13

14 Several different types of abnormalities 14

15 Several different types of abnormalities 15

16 Several different types of abnormalities 16

17 - Taking in consideration the experience of several seeds analyst - Using specific bibliography to propose criteria for the evaluation Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) response to the lost of part to its hypocotile-radicle axis in the production of secondary and/or adventitius roots. Cravioto R. M.; Salinas, A. R.; Yoldjian, A. M.; Arango, M. R.; Seeds Science and Technology, Vol. 29, pages 471 to

18 ISTA Working Group and collaborators: Augusto Martinelli (Argentina) Sylvie Ducournau (France) Garreau Philippe (France) Andrea Jonitz (Germany) Rita Zechinelli (Italy) Lea Mazor (Israel) David Johnston (USA) Gillian McLaren (United Kingdom) Sarah Dammen (USA) Christine Herzog (Switzerland) 18

19 New criteria for Glycine max A seedling with a defective primary root is classified as normal, when a sufficient number of normal secondary roots have developed as long as all the following conditions are met: a) At least 3 secondary roots which do not show any defect listed for primary root should be present. b) These secondary roots should be equal to or greater than half of the length of the hypocotyl. c) In seedlings with under developed hypocotyls, the hypocotyl and each secondary root should have at least an equal length as the major axis of the cotyledon. NORMAL a b Yes Yes 12 a b Yes Yes c Yes c Yes NORMAL

20 Evaluation Criteria for Glycine max A seedling with a defective primary root is classified as normal, when a sufficient number of normal secondary roots have developed as long as all the following conditions are met: a) At least 3 secondary roots which do not show any defect listed for primary root should be present. b) These secondary roots should be equal to or greater than half of the length of the hypocotyl. c) In seedlings with under developed hypocotyls, the hypocotyl and each secondary root should have at least an equal length as the major axis of the cotyledon. a b c Yes No No a b c Yes No No a b c No No No ABNORMAL ABNORMAL ABNORMAL

21 Possible applications 21

22 Thank you for your patience and for your help in this work!!! 22

23 Thank you for your attention 23

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