Energy 5.0 From Coal through Oil, Nuclear and Renewables to the Digital Energy System

Transcription

1 Energy 5.0 From Coal through Oil, Nuclear and Renewables to the Digital Energy System Dr. Fritz Rettberg May 5, 08 Helsinki

2 AGENDA Short Introduction Conversion of the Power System Transmission Grid Reinforcement Distribution Grid Reinforcement Need for Digitalisation

3 IE³ INSTITUTE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS TU Institute DORTMUND of Energy Systems Research Group Energy Efficiency Institute of Power Systems and Power Economics Testcenter for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure and Networks R&DBuilding with Transmission System Group

4 Research and Consulting Topics

5 Smart Grid Technology Platform

6 Conversion of the Power System

7 ,5,0,05,00 0,95 0,90 0,85 0,80 B A C D D` Pmech [s] Zeit t Pel A E Conversion of the Power System EHV level HV level MV level LV level Control model DG model u Trans f tap WI,l u l f l u z f z + Measurement Measurement 0 model i dref model PLL f meas T TAP T fmeas,k fmeas u ref,tap Transformer model f ref Controller T Pf,K If Leistung P Windinertia T trans,k trans picture alliance / blickwinkel Quelle: T dead f ref,l u ref,l Local control Δi d,l + Δi q,l + T IV,K IV Rettberg, J.F., 07 i qref i dref i max u meas RMS T umeas,k umeas Measurement model u ref Controller Communication model T Pu,K Iu Murray, J., King, D. in Nature, Vol. 8, 6. Jan. 0 Central control model i min Inverter Codrington, Stephen. Planet Geography 3rd Edition (005)

8 Power import and export NETWORK LEVEL Transmission grid Extra high voltage 380/0kV Pump storage Nuclear power Coal NETWORK LEVEL Transformation in open air switchgears NETWORK LEVEL 3 Transregional distribution grids High voltage 0kV Substation Coal Water power Large scale industry NETWORK LEVEL Transformation in open air and closed switchgears NETWORK LEVEL 5 Regional distribution grids Medium voltage 30kV, 0kV, 0kV Substation Water power Industry NETWORK LEVEL 6 Transformation in closed substations NETWORK LEVEL 7 Local distribution grid Low voltage 0,kV Local network station Households

9 Power import and export NETWORK LEVEL Transmission grid Extra high voltage 380/0kV Pump storage Nuclear power Coal Offshore wind NETWORK LEVEL Transformation in open air switchgears NETWORK LEVEL 3 Transregional distribution grids High voltage 0kV Substation Natural gas Water power Wind Large scale industry NETWORK LEVEL Transformation in open air and closed switchgears NETWORK LEVEL 5 Regional distribution grids Medium voltage 30kV, 0kV, 0kV Substation Photovoltaics Biomass Water power Wind Industry NETWORK LEVEL 6 Transformation in closed substations Storage NETWORK LEVEL 7 Local distribution grid Low voltage 0,kV Substation Wind power CHP plant Heat pumps Photovoltaics Households Emobility

10 Transmission Grid Reinforcement

11 Physical Grid Reinforcement Goal in Germany: 80% renewable generation until 050 Severe transmission network reinforcement needed HVDCLines Power Flow Controllers Improved line monitoring (SH) 0 (MV) 05 (MV) 0 (NI) 03 (HH/SH) 0 wind parks 08 (NI) 06 (HB/NI) 07 (BR) 3 0 (NI) 0 (NI) 09 (NI) (ST) 3 (BE/BR) Transmission 3 network reinforcement (00+) 7 (NI) 5 (NW) 8 (ST) (NW) 9 (BR/SN) at least km lines (380 kv + HVDC) 6 6 (HE) (NW) (TH) (HE) 5080 billion Euro until (SN) 6 5 (HE/RP) (RP/SL) 7 (BW/HE/RP) 5 6 Load centers 3 6 (BY) 5 8 (BW) (BW) 30 (BW/BY) 3 (BY) Future offshore Verteilnetzausbau Coordinated monitoring und betrieb and control system needed 5 6 Leiter innerhalb Deutschlands (Grundzustand) Leiter in Nachbarländer (Grundzustand) Zubauten für 00 Source: ef.ruhr NRW Verteilnetzstudie Zubauten für 030 Zubauten für 00 Anzahl paralleler Systeme Source: TU Dortmund

12 New Transmission Technologies Goal in Germany: 80% renewable generation until 050 Severe transmission network reinforcement needed HVDCLines Power Flow Controllers Improved line monitoring Verteilnetzausbau Coordinated monitoring und betrieb and control system needed Source: NEP 0

13 Control Hardware Goal in Germany: 80% renewable generation until 050 Severe transmission network reinforcement needed HVDCLines Power Flow Controllers Improved line monitoring Verteilnetzausbau Coordinated monitoring und betrieb and control system needed

14 Monitoring Devices Goal in Germany: 80% renewable generation until 050 Severe transmission network reinforcement needed HVDCLines Power Flow Controllers Improved line monitoring Verteilnetzausbau Coordinated monitoring und betrieb and control system needed

15 Intelligent System Solutions Goal in Germany: 80% renewable generation until 050 Severe transmission network reinforcement needed Nichtregelnder Agent Zustandsnachrichten (StateInformMessages) HVDCLines ACAgent ACAgent ACLFR Agent WAN ACAgent ACAgent Redispatch Agent Power Flow Controllers ACAgent ACAgent HVDC Agent Improved line monitoring ~ = Verteilnetzausbau Coordinated monitoring und betrieb and control system needed

16 Distribution Grid Reinforcement

17 Power Grid Reinforcement and Expansion in Germany (SH) 0 (MV) 05 (MV) 0 (NI) 03 (HH/SH) 0 08 (NI) 06 (HB/NI) 07 (BR) 0 3 (NI) 0 (NI) 09 (NI) Transmission Network (ST) 3 (BE/BR) 3 7 (NI) 5 (NW) 8 (ST) (NW) 9 (BR/SN) billion Euro 6 (HE) until (National 0 (NW) network development (TH) (HE) 3 (SN) plan) 6 5 (HE/RP) (RP/SL) 50+ billion Euro estimated 3 7 (BW/HE/RP) 6 (BY) until (BW) (BW) 30 (BW/BY) 3 (BY) 5 6 Leiter innerhalb Deutschlands (Grundzustand) + Distribution HS/MS Distribution Network x 7 billion Euro until 030 (German Energy Association Network Study) x MS/NS Leiter in Nachbarländer (Grundzustand) Zubauten für 00 Quelle: TU Dortmund Zubauten für 030 Zubauten für 00 Anzahl paralleler Systeme

18 Distributed Devices

19 Smart Buildings and Areas

20 Regional and Local Grid Concepts

21 voltage / V Distribution grids reach limits of capacity and voltage growing share of distributed renewables distributed solar new loads, load management and efficiency measures new loads Zeit / h Source: TU Dortmund RWE Deutschland AG x x Implementation of innovative devices, grid and operation/control concepts

22 Distribution Grid Reinforcement with Smart Grid Components HV/MV 0kV/0kV Network Control Unit Active Voltage Conditioner (medium voltage level) Controllable Local Network Station (AVC, low voltage level) MS 5 NS 6 3 Quelle: TU Dortmund ie3, ABB, RWE

23 Distribution Grid Reinforcement with Smart Grid Components HV/MV 0kV/0kV Network Control Unit MS NS 5 Functions Protection (iprotect) Fault Location (i3s) Power Quality Monitoring Topology Optimization (MS) (GridEU) Coordination Grid vs. RES / Ampel (proaktives Verteilnetz) Wide Area Voltage Control (Smart Country, KIT) Ancillary Services from DG 3 (KIT) 6 Adaptive State Estimation Quelle: TU Dortmund ie3, ABB, RWE

24 Smart Meter Infrastructure BLOCKCHAIN?

25 Ancillary Services on the Distribution Grid Level

26 Energy Market Places EEnergy Market Place HV/MV HS/MS Grid Operator System Services Network Restrictions Aggregator Demand Response Demand Side Mgmt Supply Side Mgmt. Electricity Market Energy Supplier Energy Trader Prosumer (active custromer) Daten Data Micro CHP x x MS/NS MV/LV Electricity Gas Gas Strom

27 Need for Digitalisation

28 Energy Management MultiCriteria Optimisation Intelligent bundling of distributed components Monitor and control load flows, generation, storage, RES and conventional feed in Purchase Use EVs as dynamic energy storage Cost reduction Carbon dioxide reduction Enhancement of secure supply Enhancement of overall efficiency Enable degrees of freedom for optimization and flexibility Local ancillary services for micro grids Ancillary services from the distribution grid

29 Regional and Sectoral Balance

30 ,5,0,05,00 0,95 0,90 0,85 0,80 B A C D D` Pmech [s] Zeit t Pel A E Digital Framework for the Power System central DG model Control model decentral EHV level RMS PLL measurment measurment RMS PLL f meas u u T fmeas,k fmeas T umeas,k umeas HV level f ref u meas u ref Controller T Pf,K If Controller T Pu,K Iu Central control model Central control PI or P K central, T central Local control PI or P K decentral, T decentral MV level T trans,k trans T dead Communication delay Q P LV level dp central dq central delay inverter u Trans f tap WI,l u l f l u z f z + Measurement Measurement 0 model i dref model PLL RMS T TAP u ref,tap Transformer model Measurement model Leistung P Windinertia Communication model f ref,l u ref,l Local control Δi d,l + Δi q,l + i qref T IV,K IV + + i dref dp decentral dq decentral i min Inverter i max Transmission and distribution grid model Conventional instantaneous reserve conventional control reserve Shortcircuit power Frequencydependent loads Voltagedependent loads Automatic tap changer Windinertia Instantaneous byreserve wind power by wind power plants Control reserve by MPPtracking Provision of reactive power Control reserve by storages, loads and emobility Provision of reactive power

31 Thank you very much for your attention! Contact Dr. Fritz Rettberg TU Dortmund University ie³ Institute of Energy Systems, Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics