Energy Audit. Town of Charlemont. Highway Garage. 12 Factory Rd. Charlemont, MA August 31, 2018

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1 Energy Audit Town of Charlemont Highway Garage 12 Factory Rd. Charlemont, MA August 31, 2018 Prepared by: Bowman Engineering, Inc. PO Box 410 Greenfield, MA (413) Preparer: Thomas Bowman, P.E.

2 Executive Summary The Highway Garage was evaluated based on data gathered during a site walkthrough, energy data provided by the Town of Charlemont and discussions with building staff. There are four energy conservation measures (ECMs) that have been identified through the audit process. The specific ECMs that are recommended are summarized in the following table, along with the estimated cost and savings. ECM # Description ECM Cost Energy Conservation Measures Summary Building Annual Usage (MMBtu) Propane (gal) Usage Savings 1 New Condensing Boiler $10, $988 $ Storm Windows $ $185 $ Garage Door Seals $ $36 $ Personnel Door Seals $ $3 $ MMBtu Annual Cost Savings Rebates/Grants Payback (years) Page 1 of 13

3 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2 INTRODUCTION... 3 FACILITY DESCRIPTION... 4 ENERGY ANALYSIS... 6 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES... 7 ECM 1 NEW CONDENSING BOILER... 7 ECM 2 STORM WINDOWS... 8 ECM 3 GARAGE DOOR SEALS... 9 ECM 4 PERSONNEL DOOR SEAL OPERATIONS/MAINTENANCE MEASURES OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CLEAN ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES Page 2 of 13

4 Introduction The purpose of this audit report is to provide the Town of Charlemont with a list of energy conservation measures along with their associated cost and estimated energy savings. The approach taken in this audit included a thorough inspection of the building and associated systems and equipment. The primary areas covered in the audit included the building envelope, electrical system, HVAC system and operational and maintenance procedures. A major element of the audit also included an initial interview and ongoing consultation with operational and maintenance personnel and/or building occupants. This approach is critical to the quality of the audit process since the input of building personnel is invaluable to the effort to obtain accurate information required for the audit. The recommendations within this report are based on the data from the MassEnergyInsight (MEI) account for the Town as well as data provided by FRCOG for delivered fuels. The energy savings and energy production figures are projected estimates based on conceptual project upgrades, information gathered at the site, and from the historical utility information provided. The actual savings may vary from these estimates due to a variety of factors. The figures used for the cost of recommended upgrades are opinions of probable cost and are intended to be used for feasibility purposes only. This audit report is not a design document and shall not be used as such. The recommended measures are provided for budget and planning purposes only. Any recommended measures that are pursued by the Town should first include additional detailed study and design by a qualified engineer and/or contractor before competitive bidding is undertaken in accordance with the Massachusetts Procurement Guidelines. The scope of the audit did not include inspection, sampling, testing or analysis for the presence of hazardous materials. Therefore, such conditions should be evaluated separately before implementing any recommendations provided in this report. Page 3 of 13

5 Facility Description The Highway Garage is located at 12 Factory Rd. and includes high bay space for department vehicles, as well as an office, breakroom, restrooms, mechanical room and police department. The building (circa. 1995) has a total of 5,778 square feet, which includes 4,730 square feet of high bay space. The building is typically staffed by 1 4 people from 6:30 am to 2:30 pm, Monday through Friday, for five months of the year and 6:30 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Thursday, for seven months of the year. Occupied periods for the Police Department are variable. The building is steel framed on a 4 foot concrete foundation wall, slab on grade. The exterior walls and roof are sheet metal. The high bay space has a ceiling height of 19-7 at the peak and 17-3 at the eaves. Building Envelope Based on discussion with building occupants and confirmed by probing in select areas, the walls above the foundation walls are insulated with a 5 inch thick blanket insulation with vapor barrier and by visual observation from the floor the ceiling appears to be the same. The partition walls within the office area are concrete block and there is 4 inches of fiberglass batt installed above the suspended ceiling. The windows are original single pane slider windows, which are reportedly leaky. The windows include screens, but not storm windows. The interior finishes include sheet metal walls in the high bay space with no ceiling finish. The floor finish is bare concrete throughout the building. Electrical and Lighting The electrical capacity of the main building electrical panel is not readily apparent, but appears to be upwards of 400 amps. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Heating for the building is provided by a single H. B. Smith cast iron propane fired boiler (M/N: GB100- W-11 COND) with a maximum rated input of 250 MBH. Based on the equipment serial number, the boiler was manufactured in July, 1996 and is nearing its natural end of life. The boiler is controlled by a two thermostats; one zone for the office and one for the garage space. The garage thermostat is set to maintain a setpoint of 68 o F. The office thermostat only has a relative scale and does not provide a specific setpoint. The heating distribution is a radiant floor system and the thickness of the floor and the characteristics of the underfloor insulation, if any exists, is unknown. Therefore, it may not be beneficial to provide an evening setback temperature as there may be a significant lag in the morning response time. At the time of the inspection, the boiler was observed to run periodically when the outside temperature was in the mid-60s. Also, a high level of soot was observed throughout the entire mechanical room. The boiler is supplied by a 1,000 gallon underground propane tank. Page 4 of 13

6 Cooling is provided by a three unit Samsung multi-split cooling system, with a 7,000 BTUH wall mounted indoor unit located in the office, breakroom and police department. According to the nameplate of the equipment, the units were manufactured in Domestic water heating needs are met by a small electric water heater, which is located in the mechanical room. The water heater serves the needs of two restrooms and the breakroom sink. The major electrically powered tools include two (2) welders and one (1) plasma cutter. Page 5 of 13

7 Energy Analysis The Highway Garage uses electricity for power and lighting. Propane is used to meet the space heating needs. The historical energy usage and costs are summarized in the following table and charts. Historical Energy Data - (MMBtu and dollars) Electric (FY18) Propane (Avg. FY16-18) Total Conditioned Area (ft 2 ) Usage Cost Usage Cost Usage Cost 5, $4, $ 4, $ 9, Energy Usage Energy Cost 21% 48% 52% 79% Electric Propane Electric Propane The Energy Performance Summary for the Highway Garage is provided below. The total energy index (TEI) is a measure of energy intensity, or annual energy usage per square foot of building area. Similarly, the energy cost index (ECI) is a measure of annual energy costs per square foot of building area. The index values provided in the table below are substantially lower than the comparable values reported in the recent CEE report. The difference is due to the fact that during the site inspection it was determined that the building s conditioned space (5,778 sq. ft.) is much greater than building s total reported floor space. Energy Performance Summary Conditioned Area Total Energy Index Energy Cost Index Year (ft2) (kbtu/ft2-yr) ($/ft2-yr) FY2018 5, $1.59 Page 6 of 13

8 Energy Conservation Measures The Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) in this section are recommended based on available information at the time of the audit. Equipment specifications and associated costs are provided for budgetary planning purposes only. Detailed equipment sizing, code compliance, and system design should be performed prior to final equipment and material selection and procurement. ECM 1 New Condensing Boiler Description The existing boiler has reached its natural end of life and is not ideally suited to a radiant floor heating system. A new high efficiency modulating condensing boiler would work well with the radiant floor system since the boiler would be able to operate in the condensing range during nearly the entire heating season. This would significantly increase the energy efficiency of the system. The following inputs were used for the analysis: Existing Boiler Seasonal Efficiency: 70% Proposed Boiler Seasonal Efficiency: 95% Fuel Rate: $1.35/gal. (5/1/18 delivery) Operation There are no operational changes associated with this ECM. Initial Cost Estimate Highway Garage Heating System Description Qty. Unit Cost Code Unit Price O&P Ext. Price New Condensing Boiler (161 MBH) 1 Ea. Supply House $ 8, $ 8, Balance of Plant 1 Ea. Estimated $ 1, $ 1, Electrical $ General Conditions $ Total $ 10, Annual Savings & Payback This ECM is estimated to result in savings of 732 gallons of propane (66.8 MMBTU). Annual dollar savings are provided below as a function of propane prices. Simple Payback at $1.350/gal: $10,835 $988 = 11.0 years (Base Case) Simple Payback at $1.013/gal: $10,835 $742 = 14.6 years Simple Payback at $1.688/gal: $10,835 $1,235 = 8.8 years Page 7 of 13

9 ECM 2 Storm Windows Description The existing windows are original to the building and are reported to be very drafty. This ECM recommends that storm windows (interior or exterior) be installed. The following inputs were used for the analysis: Existing Condition: R-1, Leaky Proposed Condition: R-2, Tight (windows with storms) Total Combined Window Area (North): 8.7 sf. Total Combined Window Area (East): 26.1 sf. Fuel Rate: $1.35/gal. (5/1/18 delivery) Operation There are no operational changes associated with this ECM. Initial Cost Estimate Material: Four windows at $35/ea. Labor: Four windows at $35/ea. Total: 4 x $70/ea. = $280 Annual Savings & Payback This ECM is estimated to result in savings of gallons of propane (12.5 MMBTU) and $185 annually. Simple Payback: $280 $185 = 1.5 years Page 8 of 13

10 ECM 3 Garage Door Seals Description The door seals on the garage doors should be adjusted. Proposed Condition: Adjust the existing side and threshold seals on five (5) garage doors. Fuel Rate: $1.35/gal. (5/1/18 delivery) Operation There are no operational changes associated with this ECM. Initial Cost Estimate Labor: $1/L.F. (Adjustments only; no new material required) Total: 210 L.F. x $1/sf. = $210 Annual Savings & Payback This ECM is estimated to result in savings of 26.9 gallons of propane (2.45 MMBTU) and $36 annually. Simple Payback: $210 $36 = 5.8 years Page 9 of 13

11 ECM 4 Personnel Door Seal Description The door seals for main personnel door should be replaced. Proposed Condition: Replace the seals on one (1) personnel door. Fuel Rate: $1.35/gal. (5/1/18 delivery) Operation There are no operational changes associated with this ECM. Initial Cost Estimate Material & Labor: $75 Total: $75 Annual Savings & Payback This ECM is estimated to result in savings of 2.5 gallons of propane (0.23 MMBTU) and $3 annually. Simple Payback: $75 $3 = 25 years Page 10 of 13

12 Operations/Maintenance Measures The quality of the maintenance and operation of the facility s energy systems has a direct effect on its energy efficiency. Energy efficiency needs to be a consideration when implementing facility modifications, equipment replacements, and general corrective actions. The following measures are recommended to be incorporated into the facility s preventative maintenance procedures where applicable. Building Envelope Caulking and weather stripping is functional and effective. Holes are patched in the building envelope. Cracked windowpanes are repaired. Storm windows, if used, are installed at the beginning of the heating season. Window air conditioners are removed prior to the heating season. Heating and Cooling The pilot lights of central boilers and furnaces are turned off in the summer. The burners are clean and fuel/air ratios are optimized. Heat exchange surfaces of boilers are clean and free of scale. Thermostats settings are reduced in unoccupied areas and set points are seasonally adjusted. Control valves and dampers are fully functional. Equipment is inspected for worn or damaged parts. Heating is uniform throughout the designated areas. Domestic Hot Water Domestic hot water heater temperature is set to the minimum temperature required. All hot water piping is insulated and not leaking. Tank-type water heaters are flushed as required. Lighting Over-lit areas are managed by bi-level switching or de-lamping. Energy efficient replacement lamps are in-stock. Lighting fixture reflective surfaces and translucent covers are clean. Walls are clean and bright. Timers and/or photocells are operating correctly on exterior lighting. Miscellaneous Refrigerator and freezer doors close and seal correctly. Office/computer equipment is either in the sleep or off mode when not used. All other recommended equipment specific preventive maintenance actions are conducted, Usage demands on the building/ equipment have not changed significantly since the original building commissioning or the most recent retro-commissioning. In addition, equipment replacement should be performed assuring that; All equipment replacements are not over/undersized for the particular application, All equipment replacements should be with energy conserving and/or high efficiency devices. Page 11 of 13

13 Other Considerations The boiler and venting system should be serviced on an annual basis to ensure safe and efficient operation of the equipment. Given the minimal domestic hot water (DHW) needs of the building there is no value in replacing the existing DHW heater as it is adequately sized. However, when the equipment fails consideration should be given to replacing it with a point-of-use (POU) hot water heater. Either one unit could be located in each restroom and under the breakroom sink or a single unit could serve all three loads. Repair/replace sagging insulation in the garage area. Page 12 of 13

14 Clean Energy Opportunities The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is dedicated to promoting clean energy as an alternative to traditional sources of energy. As such, the DOER and other agencies have developed a number of programs to promote the use of clean energy sources by potentially providing technical assistance and/or financial incentives based on project feasibility. Solar Energy Through various initiatives, the Commonwealth has encouraged the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) power by homeowners, businesses and municipalities. This includes various options for financing PV projects, including third-party financing. With third-party financing, the PV system is owned and operated by an entity that is separate from the building owner or the PV installer. The third-party financing entity has sufficient financial capital to pay for the entire installation and to maintain and operate the system over its lifetime. In return, the building owner, or host site, signs a long term contract agreeing to purchase all the power produced by the PV system. Third-party financing is a way to install a large PV array with little or no up-front capital expense from the building owner or host site. This type of financing may be most applicable to entities such as nonprofits or public buildings. The third-party PV Owner can utilize the substantial tax incentives available for PV projects, along with rebates and other incentives, plus the sale of the electricity from the PV array to finance the PV project. Biomass Energy The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has an abundant and renewable source of wood. When this natural resource is harvested in a sustainable manner, it helps to maintain the health of the forests, while also providing a clean source of low-carbon domestic fuel. Locally produced wood also has a cost advantage over conventional fossil fuels, providing a strong financial benefit to using it as a fuel source for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Furthermore, the demand for this resource helps to foster the local economy as a result of the jobs that are created to manage, harvest, transport and process the raw wood into usable forms of fuel such as wood pellets. New England has a long history of burning wood for heat, but over the last few decades significant technological advancements have been made with regard to the equipment that is used to burn this fuel source. Wood-fired boilers and furnaces operate at thermal efficiencies comparable to those for fossil fueled systems and the fuel delivery systems are fully automated. Available equipment can be staged with other heating appliances and can be coupled with standard distributions systems. Through various initiatives, the Commonwealth has encouraged the use of biomass thermal energy systems for homeowners, businesses and municipalities. The following table lists the specific projects that might be appropriate for various clean energy technologies. Description: None Action Item: N/A Clean Energy Opportunities Page 13 of 13