The City of Toronto s New Green Bin Anaerobic Digestion Processing Facility Overview & Design

Transcription

1 Dufferin AD Disco Rd. AD The City of Toronto s New Green Bin Anaerobic Digestion Processing Facility Overview & Design NYSASEM Organics Seminar 5 th & 6 th March 2013 Presenter; Ian Dickinson

2 About Toronto - Statistics Capital of Ontario Population 2.5 million 510,000 single-family homes 500,000 apts., condos etc. (and growing) Part of Greater Toronto Area, Population ~ 8 million Source: City of Toronto 2

3 Curbside Residential Program - Three Stream Collection Three Core Streams Single-stream Recycling (bi-weekly) Alternating Cycles Recycling & Green Bin Green Bin (weekly) Residual (bi-weekly) Specialty Streams Yard + Garden Waste (seasonal; bi-weekly) Alternating Cycles Residual Waste & Green Bin Household Durable Goods (bi-weekly) White Goods by Appointment Household Hazardous Waste Source: City of Toronto 3

4 Green Bin Program Typical Curbside Set Out Popular with residents. Participation: ~ 90% of households have 1 or more set out per month. Consistent;

5 City of Toronto Waste Statistics In 2009, Toronto SWM Services managed (tonnes): Total - 933,052 MT/yr Diverted Waste: Single-stream recyclables = 204,023 Organics (SSO)= 111,116 (11.9%) L&YM = 95,777 (10.3%) Plus White Goods, Bulky Items, HHW etc. Residual Waste = 522,136 * Metric tons per year

6 Toronto s Green Bin Program - Collection Sources: City of Toronto; CCI; AECOM 6

7 Toronto s Green Bin Program Facts & Figures Part of City s Target 70 goal (70% waste diversion from LF) Accepted Material: Objective: maximize recovery of source separated organics (SSO) through: User convenience (kitchen & green bins provided) Allow use of regular plastic bagging (difficult for composting) Green Bin Collection (weekly) Bi-weekly residual waste collection to encourage diversion NO yard waste accepted (collected separately) Source: City of Toronto 7

8 Organic Solid Waste & Anaerobic Digestion Challenge Organic solid waste (source separated organics or the organic fraction of MSW) is inhomogeneous and contains impurities (e.g. plastic bags, textiles, cardboard, stones, grit, bones, shells, glass, metals, batteries) requiring pre-treatment prior to digestion. Solution Application of a Pre- and/or Post-Treatment Process for effective removal of contaminants & homogenization. Source: AECOM; EPA 8

9 City of Toronto s Green Bin Program Dufferin AD Demonstration Plant w/ wet BTA Process Process Start-up: 2002 Capacity: 25,000 MT/yr SSO (design); 40,000+ MT/yr (2011) Setup: City owned; contractor operated AD Process: Wet BTA Complete mixed (w/digester gas) Single stage, Mesophilic * Metric tons per year Sources: City of Toronto; CCI; BTA International 9

10 The Dufferin Model The Dufferin model was chosen over other options because: Compact size allows facilities to be located within the City Wet pre-processing removes heavy & fine contaminants and film plastics => Grade AA Compost Challenge of Odours is minimized AD achieves significant mass reduction = reduction in transportation costs and GHG emissions Wet digestion maximizes biogas production together combined with location close to potential points of use Source: City of Toronto

11 AD Plant Capacity of SSO and OFMSW in Europe >180 Plants by 2010 Source: De Beare, L.; Mattheeuws, B. (2010); adapted 11

12 Characterizing Features of AD Processes Number Of Stages Single-stage Two-stage Feed Total Solids (TS) Content Wet process (< 20% TS) Dry process (> 20% TS) Operating Temperature Mesophilic process (approx F or C, respectively) Thermophilic process (approx F or 55 to 60 C, respectively) Mixing Gas injection Internal mechanical components (agitator) Re-pumping / re-circulation Reactor / Digester Type Vertical positioning Horizontal positioning Process Flow Continuous process flow (fully mixed or plug flow) Discontinuous/batch process flow 12

13 Development of Wet AD Technology Pulper Technology 1996 Wels, A 1996 Rügen, D 1999 Radeberg, D 1999 Fürstenwalde, D 2002 Barcelona, E Ecoparque I Lohse (Linde KCA) 2003 Madrid, E 2005 Hita, JPN 2005 Lissabon, P 2005 Burgos, E 2005 Camposampiero, I 2005 Salto des Negro, E BTA 1991 Helsingør, DK BTA (MAT) 1995 Dietrichsdorf, D 1996 Karlsruhe, D 1996 Schwabach, D 1997 Münster 1997 Erkheim, D (1997 München, D) 1998 Wadern-L, D BTA (MAT) 2000 Newmarket, CAN 2001 Mertingen, D 2001 Pulawy, Pl 2002 Parramatta, AUS 2002 Toronto, CAN 2002 Verona, I 2002 Villacidro, I 2003 Ieper, B 2003 Ko-Sung, Korea 2003 Mülheim (Ruhr), D 2003 Pamplona, E BTA 2007 Ecoparque I, E Garching, D Pilot Plant (1993 Baden-Baden, D) 1992 Kaufbeuren, D 1999 Boden, D 2003 Palma, E 2003 Avila, E 2004 Lanzarote,E 2005 Gescher, D 2005 Västeras,S 2005 Deißlingen, D 2005 Volkenschw.,D Biostab (Ros Roca) 2005 Schaumburg, D 2006 Ecoparque III, E 2006 Krosno, Pl 2006 Tuleda,E 2008 Wien, A 2008 Jaén, E 2008 Voghera, I 2008 Gran Canaria, E 2008 Alicante, E mann) 1999 Nordhausen, D Horstmann Haase 2006 Wiefels, D 2006 Lübeck, D 2006 León, E 2006 Schw. Elster, D Lohse (AMB) 2006 Deiderode, D Source: Schu, K. (2008; adapted) 13

14 The BTA Process at the Dufferin AD Plant Inside the pulper Hydropulper Grit Removal System Organic waste slurry to be fed into the digester Sources: BTA International; City of Toronto 14

15 Disco Road Waste Transfer Station with New SSO Anaerobic Digestion Facility Wet BTA Process Plant Capacity: 55,000 MT/yr (base) 75,000 MT/yr (maximum) Source: City of Toronto Design/Build/Operate Contract AECOM Prime Contractor Construction Start - February 2011 Construction Completion April

16 Disco Project Fact Sheet Cost; $59million + $14million site preparation Size (hectares); ~ 1 ha Capacity; 75,000+ tonnes / yr SSO Residue; 16,500 tonnes / yr (22%) Digestate; 28,000 tonnes / yr Water consumption; minimal Gas production; 8.7 million Nm 3 / yr 16

17 Design-Build-Operate model Prime Contractor AECOM Design-Build AECOM / ES Fox Operate VWNA Single point of responsibility Life cycle cost driven solution Maintenance costs locked in Operations contract underpins performance guarantees; e.g. odor control, residue rate etc. 17

18 Facility Design Features & Challenges Urban Location Traffic Odour Control Site Instability; extreme settlement issues Technology Transfer Contaminant Removal & Digestate Quality Residue Dewatering Water Re-use and Recycling Spill Containment Sewer Bylaw Compliance Biogas Production and Beneficial Use 18

19 Facility Design Features Odour Control Highlighted Features: - Building under negative pressure; - Odorous air from clean to dirty areas; - Equipment Point source collection; - Fast acting tip floor doors; and - Biofilter (6 cells) w/engineered media & 40 meter exhaust stack for additional odour dispersion. Source: AECOM 19

20 Facility Design Features Site Instability - Extreme Settlement issues 100,000+ tonnes waste removed 900 Piles 16-18m Gas Membrane Passive landfill gas venting system Source: AECOM 20

21 Technology Transfer Challenges Different contract practices, contract law and insurance Currency fluctuations German standard designs and design standards have to be translated into Canadian; e.g. Pipework Designs, Voltages, Equipment Model Numbers Code compliance; e.g. Canadian Gas Code No established supply chain for locally sourced equipment and subcontract services Shortage of engineers and construction professionals locally with relevant experience Long distance and time zone differences Cultural and language differences 21

22 Facility Design Features Contaminant Removal & Digestate Quality Pulper and Grit Removal System Source: BTA International 22

23 Facility Design Features Contaminant Removal & Digestate Quality Removed Contaminants Hydropulper Grit Removal System (w/hydrocyclone) Stones, glass, metal Tiny pieces of sand & grit Plastics, textiles, wood Source: BTA International 23

24 Facility Design Features Residue Dewatering Two Stages Source: BTAI, AECOM 24

25 Facility Design Features Water Re-use and Recycling Process waters - 6 grades of process water => from lowest to highest water grade: 1. Process Water 0 (process area sump); 2. Process Water 1 (centrate w/o polymer addition); 3. SBR Feed (centrate with polymer addition to feed SBR feed buffer tank); 4. Process Water 2 (SBR effluent); 5. Non-potable Water (rainwater); and 6. Separated Potable Water (city water) Source: AECOM 25

26 Facility Design Features Spill Containment Stormwater Detention Pond Source: AECOM 26

27 Facility Design Features Sewer Bylaw Compliance Sewer Bylaw - Parameter Not to Exceed Value Units Total Suspended Solids 350 mg/l Total BOD mg/l Total Phosphorus 10 mg/l Total Kjedahl Nitrogen 100 mg/l Source: AECOM 27

28 Facility Design Features Biogas Production & Beneficial Use Biogas Production at the Dufferin Anaerobic Digestion Demonstration Plant Intermittent digester feeding causes daily and weekly variation in biogas production => Solution: Addition of Buffer Tank Source: City of Toronto 28

29 Facility Design Features Biogas Production & Beneficial Use => Addition of Suspension Buffer Tank for 24/7 Digester Feeding for Stable Biogas Production Source: AECOM 29

30 Facility Design Features Biogas Production & Beneficial Use Source: AECOM 30

31 New Toronto Disco SSO AD Facility under Construction Pulpers (December 2011)

32 New Toronto Disco SSO AD Facility under Construction Hydropulpers & LF Presses No Permit Required Source: AECOM 32

33 New Toronto Disco SSO AD Facility under Construction General View (May 2012) Source: AECOM 33

34 New Toronto Disco SSO AD Facility under Construction Tank Farm (May 2012) No Permit Required Source: AECOM 34

35 Thank you!