Renewable Energy in The Netherlands September 2015

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy in The Netherlands September 215

2 Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. Sep-15 Page 2

3 September 215 In a Nutshell The fraction of renewable energy in The Netherlands was 6.%. Electricity production by wind was 14% higher y-o-y. Average utilization of wind capacity was 2% and of solar-pv, it was (just) 9% Coal usage in Dutch power generation increased by 8% y-o-y. Dutch energy related CO2 emissions increased by 9% y-o-y. The fraction renewable power was 9.7%, up from 7.2% last year. Sep-15 Page 3

4 Content September 215 data Monthly profiles Monthly data Hourly data Miscellaneous Sep-15 Page 4

5 SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM SEPTEMBER 215 Sep-15 Page 5

6 Final Energy Demand September 215 TWh September Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy* Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses *estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power Energy is used for many different purposes. In September 215, the most important energy applications were gas and various forms of transport. Renewables are given by comparison. Sep-15 Page 6

7 Final Energy Demand September 215 (vs 214) TWh September 215 versus September Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy* Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses *estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power In September 215, energy used for feedstock has been estimated to be significantly lower than in 214, while gas demand was significantly higher, mainly due to lower ambient temperatures than previous year. Sep-15 Page 7

8 CO2 Emissions September 215 Mton CO2 September Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM, CE-Delft, Carnegy Foundation, own analyses ** excl. gas & coal to power *do not contribute to the national CO2 target In September, the national energy-related CO2 emissions are estimated at 12.8 Mton, an increase by 9% y-o-y. The total Dutch CO2 footprint, including the CO2 sources that do not contribute to the official CO2 emission, and including emissions of CO2- equivalents from agriculture and industry, is estimated at 25 Mton. Sep-15 Page 8

9 Power Generation Capacity September 215 MW September Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses The capacity given is the so-called name-plate capacity. In practice, not all capacity is available for the electricity market due to planned and unplanned maintenance. Sep-15 Page 9

10 Power Supplies September 215 TWh 6. September NatGas Coal Wind Solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses In September 215, power consumption was 8.9 TWh, the same as last year. Most power has been generated by coal-fired power stations. In September 215, renewables accounted for 9.7% in the power system, up from 7.2% last year. Sep-15 Page 1

11 CO2 from Power Generation September 215 Mton CO September natgas coal wind solar biomass nuclear imports Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses The CO2 emissions from imports are given for comparison, as these emissions do not contribute to the National Dutch CO2 emission level. In September 215, 85% of the CO2 emissions from the power sector came from coal-fired power stations. Sep-15 Page 11

12 SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES (using daily data) Sep-15 Page 12

13 Gas and Power Demand September 215 GWh September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Power Gas* Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, etc.. own analyses *excluding gas-to-power Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding gas demand for power) from industry has a similar pattern. In summer, little gas is used for the heating market. Sep-15 Page 13

14 Conventional Power Production September 215 GWh September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Coal Gas Nuclear Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Coal-fired power stations showed a week-weekend pattern. Gas-fired generation used, is typically must-run capacity (e.g. cogeneration) and necessary to balance the system. Sep-15 Page 14

15 Wind and Solar Power Production September 215 GWh September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Wind Solar-PV Sources: TenneT, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses September 215 had was rather windy. Hence, wind energy production increased by 14% compared to September 214. Furthermore, solar-pv electricity production increased by 3% y-o-y. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year to 3 households. Sep-15 Page 15

16 Contribution of Renewable Energy September 215 2% September % 1% 5% % 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Ren%Power Ren%Final Sources: CBS, GTS, TenneT, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Renewable energy as a fraction of final energy consumption peaked at 6.8% on September 15, while the fraction of renewable power peaked to 16.5% that day. These contributions have been estimated using formal procedures. Sep-15 Page 16

17 SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA Sep-15 Page 17

18 Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power) 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses Gas consumption in September was slightly higher than last year, mainly due to lower temperatures in 215. Sep-15 Page 18

19 Gas Production 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, own analyses Due to lower production from the Groningen gas field and declining gas production from the North Sea, Dutch gas production in 215 is considerable lower than in 214. Sep-15 Page 19

20 Power Demand 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses Power demand in September was the same as last year. Sep-15 Page 2

21 Wind Production 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses Wind power production is very volatile. Wind production in September 215 was 14% lower that a year ago, while installed wind capacity increased by 2% y-o-y.. In September 215, the average utilization of wind capacity was 2%. Sep-15 Page 21

22 Solar PV Production 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses In September 215, electricity production by Solar PV in The Netherlands was relatively low, due to less sunshine. The average utilization rate of solar-pv capacity was 9% in September. Sep-15 Page 22

23 Coal-to-Power 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses In September coal utilization for power generation reached a record level. The average utilization rate of coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands is estimated at 82%. This percentage includes the effects of maintenance. Sep-15 Page 23

24 Gas to Power 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses In September 215, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration recovered slightly, but is still much lower than previous year. In September, the average utilization rate of gas-fired capacity was 28%. This percentage includes maintenance and mothballed installations. Sep-15 Page 24

25 LNG imports 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, own analyses On average, LNG imports in 215 increased by 2% compared to 214. This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid, as presented by GTS. The figure excludes therefore the usage of LNG as transport fuel July--15 Page 25

26 Renewable Energy All Sources 215 (and 214) TWh (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses The data show that in 215, the renewable energy in The Netherlands was higher in any month so far. The average increase is 17% y-o-y. Sep-15 Page 26

27 Renewable Energy Percentage 215 (and 214) 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses On average, the percentage of renewable energy is this year similar than last year. Sep-15 Page 27

28 CO2 Emissions 215 (and 214) Mton (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses National CO2 emissions from the Netherland s are consistently higher than in 214, mainly due high utilization of coal for Dutch power production. Sep-15 Page 28

29 SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA Sep-15 Page 29

30 Gas Supply September 215 MWh Natural Gas Supply September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep -4-6 Sources: GTS, own analyses Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production In September 215, substantial gas volumes were used to fill gas storages, depicted as negative values in the figure. This month, hardly any LNG was injected into the grid. Sep-15 Page 3

31 Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power September 215 MWh Gas Demand September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Industry Distribution Sources: GTS, own analyses In late September, temperatures dropped and gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to 51 MW. Sep-15 Page 31

32 Gas Imports & Exports September 215 MWh September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Gas export Gas import Sources: GTS, own analyses In September 215, Dutch gas imports have been 7 TWh higher than Dutch gas exports. This is the fourth month in 215 that the Netherlands was a net importing country (on a monthly basis) Sep-15 Page 32

33 Power Imports & Exports September 215 MWh September Sep -2 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep -3-4 Power import Power export Sources: TenneT, own analyses In September 215, power imports and exports were similar, due to much lower imports than in previous months. Sep-15 Page 33

34 Wind Power September 215 MWh Wind Power September 215 Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, etc., own analyses 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep In The Netherlands, summers are characterized by a low availability of wind. September 215 has been no exception to this rule, with a 2% utilization rate of the available wind capacity of 328 MW. Sep-15 Page 34

35 Solar PV Power September 215 MWh Solar Power September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Sources: PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses September was not a sunny month. Solar-PV the amount of Solar-PV has been just 9 GWh. The utilization rate of the 135 MW of solar PV installed was not more than 9%. Sep-15 Page 35

36 The following set of slides presents for each month in 215 the hourly contributions of various energy sources to total power consumption in The Netherlands. Sep-15 Page 36

37 Power Generation January 215 MW January Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In the week of 2-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by gasfired installations. Sep-15 Page 37

38 Power Generation February 215 MW February Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power. Sep-15 Page 38

39 Power Generation March 215 MW March Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On several Saturdays, some net exports were recorded. Sep-15 Page 39

40 Power Generation April 215 MW April Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Relatively low imports of power occurred in April. On several occasions, mainly on Saturdays, net exports were recorded. April showed several days with high coal-fired generation, while gas-fired generation was low. Sep-15 Page 4

41 Power Generation May 215 MW May May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In May, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed gas-fired power generation. Sep-15 Page 41

42 Power Generation June 215 MW June Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In June, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed out gas-fired power generation. Sep-15 Page 42

43 Power Generation July215 MW July Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In July, imports were more moderate than in June; consequently, although coal utilization remained high, more gas-fired power generation was registered than in June. Sep-15 Page 43

44 Power Generation September 215 MW August Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In September, there were a lot of power imports and consequently, not much gas-fired power generation was used. Sep-15 Page 44

45 Power Generation September 215 MW September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In September, power imports, depicted as negative values, were low. The majority of the power is produced by the coal fired power stations. Sep-15 Page 45

46 The following set of slides presents for each week in 215 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. Sep-15 Page 46

47 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 1-Jan 11-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ,, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Sep-15 Page 47

48 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Sep-15 Page 48

49 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jan 2-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 49

50 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 3-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 5

51 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 51

52 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Feb 1-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 52

53 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 2-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 53

54 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 54

55 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 55

56 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Mar 1-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 56

57 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 2-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 57

58 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 58

59 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 59

60 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 1-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 6

61 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 61

62 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 62

63 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 3-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 63

64 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 1-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 64

65 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 65

66 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh May 19-May 2-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 66

67 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 3-May 31-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 67

68 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 68

69 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jun 9-Jun 1-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 69

70 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 2-Jun 21-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 7

71 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 71

72 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jun 3-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 72

73 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 1-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 73

74 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jul 14-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 74

75 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jul 21-Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 75

76 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 3-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 76

77 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 77

78 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Aug 11-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 78

79 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Aug 18-Aug 19-Aug 2-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 79

80 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 3-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 8

81 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Aug 1-Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 81

82 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Sep 8-Sep 9-Sep 1-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 82

83 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Sep 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 2-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 83

84 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Sep 22-Sep 23-Sep 24-Sep 25-Sep 26-Sep 27-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 84

85 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh Sep 29-Sep 3-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct 4-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 85

86 MISCELLANEOUS Sep-15 Page 86

87 Effective Temperature September 215 o C September 215 (214) Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Sources: KNMI, own analyses In Septembers 215, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was relatively low: 1.7 o C. For comparison, the effective temperature of September 214 are presented at the background. Sep-15 Page 87

88 Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. Sep-15 Page 88

89 Epilogue This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. Sep-15 Page 89