Net Zero Energy Ready Home in Dillingham, Alaska

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edu Kristin Donaldson kristinmdonaldson@gmail.

1 Net Zero Energy Ready Home in Dillingham, Alaska Tom Marsik Assistant Professor of Sustainable Energy, Kristin Donaldson University of Alaska Fairbanks Bristol Bay Campus Bristol Bay Environmental Science Lab Sustainable Energy Program

2 2 Disclaimers I am a scientist/engineer, but not a builder Data analysis not fully completed

3 Reasons for energy efficient homes Reduce energy use (save money, environment, etc.) Increase value of your house Get ready for the long-term future Crude Oil Prices Source: Energy Information Administration ( 3

4 Is efficiency the only factor? Trends in Residential Sector (Source: US DOE) Total energy increase by ~35% House size increase by ~20% Efficiency increase by ~10% What good does it do to increase the energy efficiency of homes if it is outweighed by escalations in their size? 4

5 Net zero energy house how to get there? Cost per unit of fossil fuels saved annually Renewable energy Net zero Net zero ready Inefficient house Annual fossil fuel use Why possibly stop at net zero ready? Wait for renewable energy to get better and/or cheaper For some types of renewable energy, community-scale systems more beneficial than residential-scale 5

6 6 Our house basic characteristics Outside dimensions: 24 x24 Wall thickness: 28 Stories: 1.5 Inside: 590 sf, 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom

7 Keep it simple! 7

Ceiling: R-140; Floor: R-35 + R-20 outside along perimeter

8 8 Our house energy features (approximate values) Largely (but not completely) based on the Passive House standard Walls: R-90; Ceiling: R-140; Floor: R-35 + R-20 outside along perimeter Design heating load (@ -22 F) of 1.4 kw Air-tightness: < Pa

9 9 Our house energy features Cont d Triple-pane, argon-filled, double low-e, fiberglass-frame windows Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV) Heat pump water heater Low-flow plumbing fixtures ENERGY STAR appliances Entirely electric (no oil, no propane, no wood)

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13 13 Where is the heat coming from? 1,116 kwh or 3,808 kbtu or 35 gal if heated with oil Consideration: Use air-source heat pump instead of an electric heater? Total annual heat demand: 4,650 kwh (100%) Solar gain 14% Electric Heater 24% Body heat 22% Lighting and appliances 40%

14 14 Where is the heat going? Total heat loss proportions Conduction through door 8% Ventilation / Convective Losses 17% Conduction through walls 30% Conduction through windows 20% Conduction through floor 18% Conduction through ceiling 7%

15 15 Total annual electricity use Based on simulation for typical year: Total electricity actually used in 2012: 3,760 kwh 3,744 kwh

16 16 Annual energy cost Electricity Heating fuel Total Average house in Dillingham (5,930 kwh) $1,270 (700 gal of oil) $4,200 $5,470 Our house (3,760 kwh) $900 None $900 Notes: $0.17/kWh (after PCE) plus service fees $6 per gallon 700 gallon of oil per year is average for rural Alaska; data for Dillingham not available

17 Material cost 17 Category Cost What is included Land and gravel $42,900 Land, gravel, well, sewage system Unequipped building $54,400 Foundation, roof, windows and door, walls (siding to sheetrock), insulation HRV and accessories $1,300 HRV, weather hoods, ducts Space heating system $400 Electric wall heater Water heating system $1,900 Heat pump water heater Plumbing and electrical $8,800 Interiors $59,800 Total $169,500 Labor cost:??? Rough plumbing and electrical, pressure tank, water softener, lighting Kitchen, flooring, plumbing fixtures, appliances, interior doors

18 Experiment Heating with an air-source heat pump Results still unknown

19 19 Conclusion Efficient technology Modest lifestyle Extremely low energy use

20 20 Individuals: William Donaldson Gorden Isaacs Chet Chambers Fergus Hickling Dave Northup Mike Favors Dagen Nelson Kent Winship Jack Brown Tran Smyth Mike Davis Todd & Michele Radenbaugh Paul Liedberg Rick Lind Bryan Reed Jiri Marsik Russell Nelson Anthony Jett and many others Credits Organizations: UAF Bristol Bay Campus Alaska Building Science Network Cold Climate Housing Research Center Bristol Bay Housing Authority

21 21 For more information Go to the web energy-alaska.wikidot.com/nzer-dillingham

Colin Craven & Vanessa Stevens Cold Climate Housing Research Center

Colin Craven & Vanessa Stevens Cold Climate Housing Research Center Air Source Heat Pump and Internal Heat Gains in the Context of a Super-Efficient Building Envelope Tom Marsik & Kristin Donaldson University of Alaska Fairbanks Bristol Bay Campus Colin Craven & Vanessa