Influence of hydraulic residence time on pesticides retention in constructed wetlands
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1 Influence of hydraulic residence time on pesticides retention in constructed wetlands Céline Gaullier (LIEC), Sylvie Dousset (LIEC), Nicole Baran (BRGM), David Billet (LIEC) GFP Nancy of may 2017
2 Introduction Surface water pollution by pesticides Runoff, leaching, drainage, spray drift Limited by grass strip (between crop and river) ineffective in case of drained plot Free water surface CW : mitigation of contaminant concentration transported to the river (30 years) From National Engineering HandBook (2002) (CW) Efficiency of CW depends on: Hydraulic parameters Flow rate/water level Hydraulic residence time (HRT) Morphology: ratio length/width Contradictory results in the literature Molecules properties: solubility, K ow, K oc
3 Introduction Lorraine : drained surface > 16 % cultivated surface (clay +++) vulnerability of surface water Frequence of drained surface in Lorraine Vulnerability of pesticides transfert in surface water Very Low Low Medium High Very high Low Medium High
4 Introduction 9 CWs set up since 2010/2011
5 Introduction 9 CWs set up since 2010/ studied sites during the thesis Ditch 100 m² HRT : 30 min to 3 h 3 ponds 215 m² HRT : 1 h to 16 h Manoncourt sur Seille (54) Ville sur Illon (88)
6 Introduction Aim: determine hydraulic influence on the efficiency of the CWs Field 80 molecules / 15 metabolites Pilot-scale 4 molecules Stream Weekly monitoring: dissolved and particulate Daily monitoring: dissolved Br - tracing Field = very complex system Pilot = under controlled conditions (flow rate, water level, volume etc.)
7 Pilot-scale experiment Questions? Does the HRT influence the effectiveness? 2 HRT studied Do pesticide properties influence his mitigation? BSC CYP IPU DMT Does the presence of dead zones/short-circuiting impact the effectiveness? What is the fate of pesticides during stagnation?
8 Pilot-scale experiment Pilot-scale: 1/20 et 1/40 (2.5 m of lenght) Flow rate/water level representative of the field (1-2 L/s and 8 L/s) Ville sur Illon (88) Manoncourt sur Seille (54) 3 ponds Ditch
9 Experimental design Example of drainage dynamic in the field Stagnation High flow (12 h) Low flow (36 h) Stagnation (50 d) Low HRT High HRT 4 pesticides + 1 anion (tracer of hydrodynamic) injected at the inlet (charge) Alternating of charge (pesticide/anion) and discharge (water) phases Automatic sampling in the outlet
10 Results Concentration at the outlet (3 ponds) C/C 0 low HRT (high flow) > C/C 0 high HRT (low flow) [IPU] > [BSC] during charge phase
11 Results Effectiveness of the molecules Low HRT High HRT For the 2 pilots Low HRT: mitigation of BSC > CYP > IPU and DMT in agreement with their K d (batch) High HRT: similar mitigation of the 4 molecules Mitigation at high HRT > mitigation at low HRT HRT influence the molecule s mitigation
12 Results Effectiveness of the pilots Low HRT High HRT Flow rate (ml/min): Water level (cm): Volume (L): For the 2 HRT Mitigation ditch > 3 ponds Water level, flow rate, and volume ditch < 3 ponds Hydraulic parameters influence the pilot effectiveness
13 Results The most influencing parameters Low HRT High HRT Flow rate (ml/min): Water level (cm): Volume (L): Similar mitigation between ditch and 3 ponds (no significantly different) flow rate and water level similar volume (area and shape ) HRT Water level and flow rate are most influencing than HRT
14 Results The most influencing parameters Low HRT High HRT Flow rate (ml/min): Water level (cm): Volume (L): The better the mitigation, the lower the flow rate and water level
15 Results Fate of pesticides during stagnation (3 ponds) 1 st order kinetic t 1/2 = 2,3 d t 1/2 = 1,4 d Fast dissipation from the aqueous phase Fate of pesticides? Sorption to sediment? (T 50 ) Extraction QUECHERS no quantified (concentration < LOQ) Degradation in the water? Analysed of metabolites from IPU & DMT Metabolites quantified IPU (2 metabolites): 5% of initial pesticide amount DMT (8 metabolites): 37% of initial pesticide amount
16 Conclusion At pilot-scale the effectiveness is influenced by: Flow rate and water level the lower, the better the mitigation Property of molecules in case of low HRT (high flow rate), the better the K d, the better the mitigation Fast aqueous dissipation could explained the better mitigation with high HRT Field results: intense monitoring over the 3 years of the thesis Relation between hydraulic parameters and effectiveness? Behavior of the molecules? Different or similar according to hydraulic? Influence of hydraulic will be identical on the effectiveness for the dissolved and the particulate?
17 Thanks for your attention
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