Energy challenges in Catalonia from a policy perspective. #cleanenergy. Copernicus Symposium on Climate Services for the Energy Sector

Transcription

1 Energy challenges in Catalonia from a policy perspective Copernicus Symposium on Climate Services for the Energy Sector David Villar & Marc Rotllan Energy Planning Division Catalan Institute of Energy (ICAEN) Barcelona, 22nd February 2017

2 ENERGY CHALLENGES IN CATALONIA FROM A POLICY PERSPECTIVE , 2030 and 2050 EU energy objectives 2. Winter package: Clean Energy for All Europeans 3. Clean energy transition in Catalonia 4. The impact of climate change to the Catalan energy system

3 2020, 2030 AND 2050 EU ENERGY OBJECTIVES % RES -20% EE -20% GHG targets % RES -30% EE -40% GHG Winter package? RES? EE % GHG Low-carbon economy What kind of transition? RES: Renewable energy sources EE: Energy Efficiency GHG: Greenhouse gas emissions

4 WINTER PACKAGE: CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL EUROPEANS Clean Energy for All Europeans European Commission package of measures New 2030 goals: 27% for the share of renewable energy consumed in the EU 30% energy efficiency target to cut CO 2 emissions by at least 40% EU 2030 targets were known, unlike the definition of a new model based on renewable energy integrating in order to create a flexible, competitive, efficient and participative market. More info:

5 ENERGY WINTER PACKAGE: CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL EUROPEANS NEW DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY MODEL Centralized and distributed generation simultaneously Multidirectional electricity flow + distributed generation GENERATION TRANSPORT DISTRIBUTION CONSUMERS Active consumers New technologies: DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (small and near end-consumers) (self-consumption or injected to the grid) STORAGE ELECTRICITY FACILITIES (electric vehicle or other batteries)

6 WINTER PACKAGE: CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL EUROPEANS Clean Energy for All Europeans Proposal for a Directive on common rules for the internal market in electricity New actors and concepts: - Active customers - Local energy communities - Aggregator - Demand response - Energy storage facilities - Smart metering - Vulnerable customers - Energy poverty

7 WINTER PACKAGE: CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL EUROPEANS Clean Energy for All Europeans Other proposed regulations and Directives Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union: - 5 dimensions of the Energy Union energy security, energy market, energy efficiency, decarbonisation and research, innovation and competitiveness - Integrated national energy and climate plans: Long-term low emission strategies: every 10 years with a 50 years perspective

8 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Catalonia. General information - Population: 7.5 million - Area: km² (6,3% of the of Spain) - GDP: 204,000 million (18,9% of Spain) - Total primary energy supply: 23.2 milion toe - Fossil fuel dependence: 66,1%

9 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Catalonia. Energy data Renewable energy sources (2014): 8,7 % Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN)

10 France Catalonia Belgium Spain Italy Europe-28 United Kingdom Denmark Netherlands Germany CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Catalonia. Electricity data CO2 emissions related to electricity generation. Year 2013 (g CO2/kWh) 75,8 101,0 220,5 247,4 386,2 388,3 476,0 487,0 535,2 545,6 0 Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN) Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN) with data from IPCC We are in a comfort zone, but Catalonia as a EU Member State is far from achieving the Europe Energy and Climate targets.

11 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Pacte Nacional per a la Transició Energètica de Catalunya National Agreement on energy transition in Catalonia January 31, 2017: the Government adopted the Basis of the national agreement on energy transition in Catalonia First quarter of 2017: it will be presented and discussed in the Parliament.

12 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Transition towards an energy model in which energy demand is fully covered by renewable energy sources? an energy model neutral in greenhouse gas emissions? CCS

13 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Goals of the new Catalan energy system 2020: EU targets (Energy Plan and Climate Change in Catalonia PECAC 2020-) 2030: Clean Energy for All Europeans 27% for the share of renewable energy consumed in the EU and 50% for the share of renewable in the electricity sector 30% energy efficiency target to cut CO2 emissions by at least 40% 2050: 100% renewable energy sources (Catalonia Energy Plan PROENCAT 2050-)

14 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Goals of the new Catalan energy system 20% RES % RES ,7% RES What kind of transition? 100% RES 101 gco 2 /kwh electricity mix 2017 (among the lowest along the main EU States) 2050

15 CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN CATALONIA Main challenges of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 Energy poverty Electrification Nuclear energy Distributed generation Energy legislation non-restrictive for RES Role of natural gas EV, self-consumption... Towards 100% NZEB Energy storage New energy infrastructure Consumer empowerment and society engagement 8,7% RES 100% RES

16 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the supply-side? Solar energy Wind energy Hydropower What about the impact of climate change on the demand-side? Buildings More than 30 years

17 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the supply-side? global daily irradiation (annual average) -> 2050? Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN)

18 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the supply-side? average wind speed at 80 m height -> 2050? Source: Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de Energía (IDAE) - MINETAD

19 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the supply-side? average annual precipitation -> : -6,8% (-10,7% spring) Source: Third report on climate change in Catalonia [Generalitat de Catalunya, 2016] Hydroelectricity: 13% Source: Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya

20 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the demand-side? annual average temperature -> : +1,4ºC (+1,8ºC summer) Household energy consumption by end-use in Catalonia (kwh/a) Lighting 650 7,7% Cooling 121 1,4% Source: Third report on climate change in Catalonia [Generalitat de Catalunya, 2016] Cooking ,2% Appliances ,2% Water heating ,1% Heating ,4% Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN)

21 Number of buildings THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE CATALAN ENERGY SYSTEM Climate modeling of the Catalonia Energy Plan 2050 What about the impact of climate change on the demand-side? Existing building energy efficiency performance -> 2050? Energy efficiency performance of existing buildings per climate zone kwh/m 2.a 500,00 400,00 300,00 A B 200,00 100,00 0,00 B3 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 E1 A F G E D C B Energy efficiency label C D E F G Climate zone Source: Institut Català d Energia (ICAEN)

22 CONCLUSIONS 1. National Agreement on energy transition in Catalonia has been approved. It stipulates a target of a 100% renewable energy system by Wind and solar energy will be essential in order to achieve this target. 3. Climate simulations are essential to define the future energy scenarios and their evolution. 4. Climate change effects contribute to uncertainty estimates.

23 David Villar Marc Rotllan Energy Planning Division Catalan Institute of Energy (ICAEN)