CPV - Concentrator Photovoltaics Current Status, Challenges & Perspectives

Transcription

1 CPV - Concentrator Photovoltaics Current Status, Challenges & Perspectives Gerald Siefer Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE NETRA Conference Green Power - Challenges & Innovation

2 Where I come from Freiburg, Germany, at the bottom of the Black Forrest 2

3 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Locations in Germany 69 institutes and research units Staff of approx. 24,500 Zentrale Main locations o Other locations Headquarters Status: January

4 Black Forest Region around Freiburg, Germany Known for 4

5 Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems - ISE At a Glance Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Technology Fraunhofer ISE Directors (acting): Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Dr. Andreas Bett Staff: ca Budget 2016: 81.1 million (preliminary) Established: 1981 Building Energy Technology Hydrogen Technologies Energy System Technology 5

6 The III-V Department at Fraunhofer ISE 6

7 III-V Epitaxy and Solar Cells Our Competence Epitaxy Device technology Systems and products Semiconductor physics Device modelling Solar cell characterization Packaging 7

8 CPV-India Concentrated Solar PV in India - Facts Project funding through the ICI program (International Climate Initiative) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Project executing organization: KfW (German government-owned development bank) Co-operation with NTPC Energy Technologies and Research Alliance (NETRA), Greater Noida, close to Dehli 8

9 CPV-India Concentrated Solar PV in India - Topics Set up of ~50kW of CPV systems as well as a separate measurement station for evaluation of single (C)PV modules Monitoring and analysis of power output of full size CPV systems Additional single module measurements and monitoring of meteorological data to develop and verify energy prediction models for CPV in India 9

10 Photovoltaics Standard PV and Concentrator PV Standard PV Light collection and conversion is one unit Concentrator PV Light collection collection area FLATCON -Module developed at ISE Concentration Factor = collection / cell area separated from Light conversion cell area 10

11 Efficiency Tables High Efficiency is attractive 43.4 % Minimodule 38.9 % Module 46.0 % Cell 11

12 Progress of Efficiencies in HCPV A Key!! Strong and Steep Development! 50 % for Cells and 40 % System Efficiency are in View! Practical Efficie ency [%] 60 Realised Expected (SRA, 2011) III-V Multi-junction Solar Cells / CPV Modules (outdoor, CSOC / CSTC) CPV Systems 50 Cell IEC Module System 46.0 % (ISE, Soitec, CEA) 43.3 % Mini-module (ISE, CSTC) 38.9 % (Soitec, CSTC) 36.7 %(ISE, CSTC) 30 % (Semprius) Year 12 A Strategic Research Agenda for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Technology, Edition 2, 2011, W.Sinke, A.Bett et al, with update beyond 2012

13 Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Low Concentration (LCPV) 2 30x using Si solar cells 1-axis tracking High Concentration (HCPV) >300x using III-V-based multi-junctions 2-axis tracking 13 SunPower, 1.2 MWp at ASU, USA, 2013 Sumitomo, 1 MWp, Ouarzazate City, Morocco, 2016

14 High Concentration PV-Systems (HCPV) Mirror Optics with Central Receiver Mirror-based optics with large area Dense array receiver (cm² up to m²) Compact Concentrator Module (CCM) Actively cooled 14 CPV-T-dish system, Fraunhofer ISE Demo installation, Australia

15 Recently Installed HCPV Systems Soitec, 44 MWp Touwsrivier / South Africa, 2014 Suncore, 140 MWp, Golmud, China, 2013 Redsolar, 12 MW Delingha City, China, 2016 BSQ, 0.25 MWp Italy,

16 Workhorse for High Concentration PV-Systems (HCPV) Point Focus Approach Receiver: Small cell (< 1cm²) Passively cooled by heat spreader Optic: Fresnel lens ( cm²) often: secondary optic Tracking: 2-axis 16 Source: Concentrix Solar, 2007 Source: Concentrix Solar, 2008

17 Long-Term Track Record More than 8 Years of Field Data Eight year data of a CPV power plant Monthly energy production of a 100 kw CPV plant in Puertollano Spain Data measured and provided by ISFOC No significant degradation observable 17 Data provided by:

18 Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Market CPV Consortium Project Library Regularly updated information on CPV power plants can be found in the CPV project library of the CPV Consortium 18

19 Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Industrial Development CPV PV 19 Data for PV: from 1980 to 2010 estimation from different sources : Strategies Unlimited, Navigant Consulting, EUPD, pvxchange; from 2011 to 2015: IHS. Graph: PSE AG 2016

20 Cost of a CPV System System costs today (large volume production): ~ 0.95 /W p Tracker and Rest of System 41% Cell 27% Turn-key installations (depending on the site, size of installation etc.) may be in the range of: 1.3 /W p up to 2.5 /W p Rest of Module 32% 20

21 Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Industrial Development CPV PV 2018? fast ramp up 21 Data for PV: from 1980 to 2010 estimation from different sources : Strategies Unlimited, Navigant Consulting, EUPD, pvxchange; from 2011 to 2015: IHS. Graph: PSE AG 2016

22 Current Status of CPV Current Status of Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Technology, April There are many companies active in CPV New large installations in China and Morocco by Redsolar and Sumitomo Soitec s CPV technology to be continued by Saint-Augustin Canada Electric Inc. (STACE) initial capacity of 20 MW planned to be ramped up to 80 MW in 2018 Development of international standards (IEC TC82 WG7) very active, power rating standard IEC published 22

23 Conclusions The CPV industry community underwent a phase of restructuring. However many companies are active in the market. Cumulated installations > 370 MW The CPV technology has been proven to be reliable and to be cost competitive. The technology improves rapidly high efficiencies realised: R&D cell structures reach 46 % R&D modules approach 38.9 % there is typically a 3 year period for transfer into industrial products 23

24 Thanks to the Fraunhofer ISE III-V Epitaxy and Solar Cells and Optical Team and all Partners We acknowledge the important contributions of all our collaborators, as well as financial support by: 24

25 Thank You for Your Attention! Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Dr. Gerald Siefer 25