Operation of renewables and storages. Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Wille-Haussmann

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1 Operation of renewables and storages Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Wille-Haussmann

2 AGENDA Fraunhofer ISE Motivation Operation Strategies Project CheapFlex Modelling Photovoltaic Conclusion 2

3 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Joseph von Fraunhofer ( ) Researcher Discovery of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum Inventor New methods for processing lenses Entrepreneur Director and partner in a glassworks Deutsches Museum Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft»Fraunhofer-Linien«Fraunhofer lines 3

4 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Locations in Germany 69 institutes and research units Staff of approx. 24,500 Zentrale Main locations o Other locations Headquarters Status: January

5 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Connected Worldwide San José East Lansing Plymouth Hamilton London Boston Storrs Newark Gothenburg Glasgow Dublin Nijmegen Brussels Wrocław Grenoble Vienna Budapest Bolzano Graz Porto Cairo Zur Lavon Jerusalem Dubai Beijing Seoul Ulsan Sendai Tokyo Osaka Bangalore Kuala Lumpur Singapur Jakarta Salvador 5 Campinas São Paulo Pretoria Santiago de Chile Stellenbosch Subsidiary Research Center Auckland Project Center ICON / Scientific Cooperation Representative / Marketing Office Senior Advisor Status: January 2017

6 Fraunhofer ISE At a Glance Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Technology Fraunhofer ISE Directors (acting): Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Dr. Andreas Bett Staff: ca Budget 2016: 81.1 million (preliminary) Established: 1981 Building Energy Technology Hydrogen Technologies Energy System Technology 6

7 Intersectoral Energy Systems und Networks Expertise in Research, Planning und Services Power Grids Structure analysis, State Estimation, Control and integration of renewable generation and distributed resources Energy Management Optimized electric and thermal operation strategies of generators and storages Development of model predictive control algorithm Smart Grid Technologies IKT Technologies for future energy systems field system to control center Smart Grid Technologies Power networks and Energy Management IEN Smart Cities Energy System Analysis Smart Cities Identification of optimized energy concepts for cities and regions, Development of transformation roadmaps and master plans Energy System Analysis Techno-economic analysis of energy technologies, Market analysis and business models, Scheduling of power plants and operation strategies, National and regional energy supply concepts 7

8 Electricity Production Week Fraunhofer ISE Energy Charts 8

9 Development Fluctuating Energy Resources 85-%-Scenario Installed power in 2050 Wind offshore 33 GW ( 20*today) Wind onshore 168 GW ( 4.5*today) Photovoltaic 166 GW ( 4.2*today) 9 Source: H.-M. Henning, A. Palzer, Studie WAS KOSTET DIE ENERGIEWENDE? - Wege zur Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems bis 2050, Fraunhofer ISE, Nov. 2015

10 Stationary batteries and synthetic energy resources 85%-Scenario 10 Source: H.-M. Henning, A. Palzer, Studie WAS KOSTET DIE ENERGIEWENDE? - Wege zur Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems bis 2050, Fraunhofer ISE, Nov. 2015

11 Curtailment of Renewables in the German System Curtailment in case of network limits German electricity demand: 600 TWh 11

12 Source: Siemens Source: GE Power Conversion Characteristics of future Power Grid Synchronous Machine Power Electronics Synchronous Machine: Inherent voltage control Stability due to rotating mass High load capacity (SC-Current >> nominal current) Inverter: Freely programmable electrical behavior Controllable with high dynamic No high load capacity (SC-Current = nominal current) 12

13 Operation of Local Systems Electric thermal systems Thermal storages offer the possibility to decouple thermal and electric processes PV-Battery Systems Local self consumption of electricity from PV Grid oriented operation CHP HP electricity electricity What are services for the Smart Grid? 13

14 Grid-friendly operation of PV battery systems Self consumption optimized Grid friendly Feed-in peak max. 60% P PV Self consumption optimization does not avoid grid peaks Grid friendly operation: up to 66% surplus PV can be installed. 14

15 Electric-thermal systems in 2030 Assumptions installed power in 2030 Heat pumps : 16 GW (electric) Cogeneration: 15 GW (electric) Storage capacity 3 h operation of CHP or HP Decreasing of heat demand Thermal demand profiles based on VDI 4655 Operation based on residual load Target: balance residual load CHP electricity HP 15

16 Smart Grid operation of cogeneration and heat pump Cogeneration Heat pump thermal storage Reduce load peaks by CHP Smart Grid control Fill load valleys by HP thermal driven Residual load Electric-thermal driven 16

17 CheapFlex: Project Consortium Development of a cost efficient Smart Grid communication system based on ripple control technology 17

18 CheapFlex: Project Targets development of a dynamic tariff structure Sending tariff as broadcast signal to a cluster of plants for individual optimization Broadcast blocking signals in times of critical network situations Core functionality of Smart Grid should be applied with low effort! 18

19 CheapFlex: Concept Grid operation Control room Communication System End-Consumer RSE EMS Data logging RSS State estimations 19

20 CheapFlex: Dynamic Tariffs Goal: Dynamic tariff for Prosumers Specifications: Tariff structure complexity kept simple Technical and regulatory feasibility Enhanced acceptance by end-consumers* Two price steps (HT/LT) Fixed number of HT-hours per day Maximal number of tariff switches per day *S. Buryk et al., Investigating preferences for dynamic electricity tariffs: The effect of environmental and system benefit disclosure,

21 CheapFlex: dynamic tariffs 21

22 CheapFlex: dynamic tariffs 22

23 CheapFlex: dynamic tariffs 23

24 CheapFlex: Concept Grid operation Control room Communication System End-Consumer RSE EMS Data logging RSS State estimations 24

25 CheapFlex: control with optimal schedulues Thermal load System state Electric load Variable incentive Optimisation & Scheduling Control Direct controls Technical constraints Costs Measured values External data Framework parameter 25

26 Optimisation step CheapFlex: Optimization with rolling horizon Day 1 12:00 Day 2 Day 3 24:00 12:00 24:00 12:00 24:00 Time Optimised Schedule 26

27 Optimisation step CheapFlex: Optimization with rolling horizon Day 1 12:00 Day 2 Day 3 24:00 12:00 24:00 12:00 24:00 Time Optimised Schedule 27

28 Optimisation step CheapFlex: Optimization with rolling horizon Day 1 12:00 Day 2 Day 3 24:00 12:00 24:00 12:00 24:00 Time Optimized Schedule 28

29 PV power simulations Simulation of the Solar Eclipse (March 2015) 29

30 Conclusion Change in Energy Supply Energy Management Storages Today: stabilize system Future: system building How much communication do we need for Smart Grid? 30

31 Intersectoral Energy Systems und Networks SmartEnergyLab Simulation of»smart Home«applications Isolated analysis of grids with PV-Battery Systems, Solar thermal, cogeneration and further distributed generators (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) Evaluation of thermal-electric couples Systems in the field E-mobility integration References GreenHeat Pump: Evaluation of smart grid controllers for heat pumps Hybrider Stadtspeicher: Controller for a hybrid and distributed storage NetPV: network friendly controller for PVbattery system 31

32 Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Wille-Haussmann Head of Group Power Grids and Energy Management Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systeme ISE Heidenhofstraße Freiburg Phone: +49 (0) 761/ bernhard.wille-haussmann@ise.fraunhofer.de