Read section 2.2 and take notes then answer the questions: Define:

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1 Due Wednesday, September 6 Read section 2.1 and take notes as you read then answer the questions: Define: Stimulus - Response - Growth - Cell - Energy - Answer: 1. List an example of a response. 2. What is the smallest unit of life? 3. Why do all living things need energy? 4. List the forms of energy on page 31 and include a brief description of each. Read section 2.2 and take notes then answer the questions: Define:

2 Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Homeostasis - Answer: 1. What is a basic unit of matter? 2. Are all your molecules the same? List what some do. 3. What is a cell? 4. How many cells make up your body? 5. List four types of cells that make up your body. 6. What is a group of specialized cells that perform a particular function called? 7. What do tissues form? 8. List several organs. 9. List several organ systems. 10. At what level does homeostasis occur? 11. Explain why we sweat. Prepare for your lab: Print the following lab and READ over it before class.

3 Homeostasis Lab The Effects of Exercise on Homeostasis Purpose Students will identify conditions that need to stay constant to keep the body in equilibrium. describe how organisms maintain stable internal conditions while living in changing external environments. Materials thermometer stopwatch Background Exercise causes many factors of homeostasis to kick in to maintain internal equilibrium. How exercise affects some of these factors can be determined by measuring and observing certain conditions of the human body. Some of these conditions are: change in skin color on arms and face perspiration level external body temperature breathing rate heart rate Pre lab Notes 1. Working in groups of 3 or 4, select a student that will be able to perform jumping jacks well and will be able to maintain jumping for 8 minutes. The group member jumping will stop just long enough for the needed measurements and observations to be collected. 2. Record the resting observations and values of the person jumping rope using the following: skin color of hands and face (pale, pink, red) perspiration level (none, mild, medium, high) external body temperature (place the thermometer under the subjects arm pit for 1 minute; the thermometer should be directly against the skin) breathing rate (count the number of breaths in 1 minute) heart rate (find the pulse at the wrist and count the number of beats in 1 minute) Procedure 1. Make observations and measurements of the person do jumping jacks while they are sitting down and resting. Record your observations on the data table.

4 2. The student doing jumping jacks should begin jumping when the person with the stopwatch gives the signal and continue jumping for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes quickly make observations and measurements and record them on the data table. 3. The student will continue to exercise at 2 minute intervals until the 8 minute time period has been completed. After each 2 minute interval observations and measurements should be made. 4. When the 8 minutes is up, the student exercising will rest for 1 minute. After 1 minute, observations and measurements will be taken for the final time. Don t forget to record the data on the data table. 5. Clean the thermometer with alcohol and return it and all other lab materials to the designated area. 6. Make a separate graph for each of the following: External Body Temperature at Various Intervals of Exercise Breathing Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise Heart Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise 7. Answer the questions in the conclusion section to describe and explain the results of the lab. Data: Observations and Measurements During Various Intervals of Exercise Time Intervals Body Color Perspiration Level Body Temperature Breathing Rate Heart Rate Rest 2 Minutes 4 Minutes 6 Minutes 8 Minutes Rest After Exercise 1 Minute

5 Graph Title

6 Graph Title

7 Graph Title

8 Conclusion: 1. List the changes you observed in the body color and perspiration level in response to? 2. Explain how the changes help the body adjust to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)? 3. Speculate why a change in body temperature occurs? 4. Name which mechanisms your body uses to maintain a constant body temperature? 5. Explain why an increased breathing rate accompanies exercise? 6. Explain why does an increased heart rate accompanies exercise? 7. Write a paragraph about the conclusions you can draw about your body s ability to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis). Be sure to include the answers to the questions above.

9 Due September 13 Complete your lab report. Make sure it is neat and complete. You should take great care with your lab reports this year. Take the Section Quiz - you will find a link to the quiz on the website: Complete the chapter assessment on pages 41-42; the vocabulary and concepts sections. You may use your book to help you complete this. You will want to answer these to help you gain understanding; I will not grade this. Take the chapter 2 test which can be found on the website: lincolnprep.weebly.com/metro---wed-at-830.html ; this test is rather easy; do not expect all tests to be so easy. Read section 3.1, take notes as you read and answer the questions. Define: Taxonomy - Species - Scientific name - Memorize: (a quiz should be expected) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Complete the chart for important characteristics: Bacteria Protista Fungi Planate Animalia

10 Bacteria Protista Fungi Planate Animalia Example: Example: Example: Example: Example: Prepare for your lab: read and print the following lab.

11 Lab: Observing epithelial cells Purpose: Hypothesis: Materials: microscope, slide, slide cover, eye dropper, toothpick, methylene blue Procedure: 1. Gather your materials. 2. One lab partner: open your mouth and use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of your cheek. 3. Place the material you scraped from your mouth on the center of the slide. Add a drop of methylene blue and place the cover slip on the slide. 4. Place your slide on the stage and view it under the lowest magnification. You may need to move the slide around a bit. When you think you see some cells, switch to the medium magnification and then, if necessary, the high magnification. 5. Draw a picture of one or two of the cells you see. 6. Clean up; wash your hands! Drawing: magnification magnification magnification Write your conclusion on a separate sheet of paper.

12 Due September 20 Complete the lab report. Pay attention to the conclusion. It should be a complete paragraph with scientific words defined. You may use the one we wrote in class. Read section 3.2, take notes and answer the questions. Dichotomous key - 1. How many choices are given in a dichotomous key? 2. Does a dichotomous key start off with a broad fact or specific one? 3. What types of animals are dichotomous keys usually used to identify? Complete the vocabulary section and concepts section for the chapter assessment on pages You may use your book. Prepare for your lab: read and print out the following lab. Read page 66 in Illustrated Guide to Home Biology Experiments. Print and read over the lab.

13 Lab: Preparing a Smear Mount slide and observing cells Purpose: Hypothesis: Materials: Microscope, slides and slide covers, toothpick, distilled water, flame source Procedure: 1. _ Using the edge of a slide held at a 45 degree angle spread the specimen into a think layer the same thickness as a coverslip Data: Conclusion:

14 Due September 27 Complete the lab report. Complete the quiz for section it is on the website. Take the chapter 3 - study first! Read section 4.1 and take notes. Answer the questions: Define: Element - Compound - Molecule - Chemical reaction - 1. What are the building blocks for life? 2. List the three elements that mostly make up your body. 3. Is the atmosphere alive? 4. What is a substance called that contains two or more different elements that are chemically joined? 5. Fill in the chart: element compound mixture define example

15 element compound mixture draw 6. How many elements are there? 7. When 2 Hydrogen molecules are combined with 1 Oxygen molecule what are the products? 8. True or False. Life is basically a series of chemical reactions. 9. List the three properties of water that help sustain life. Prepare for your lab print and bring a copy:

16 Lab: Purpose: Hypothesis: Materials: 6 Clear cups, Measuring cup,thermometer, 3 Alka-Seltzer tablets, stopwatch, water, ice cubes, graph paper, measuring beakers Procedure: A. Hot Water 1 Run water from the hot tap until it is as hot as possible. Fill a clear glass with exactly 8 oz. of hot water. 2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet. 3 Remove 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet from its package. Drop it into water. Measure the time required for tablet to fully dissolve. Be prepared to start and stop on time. The reaction will take less than 15 seconds. Record the time. B. Room Temperature Water 1 Fill a clear glass with exactly 8 oz. of room temperature or lukewarm water. 2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet. 3 Drop 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet into the water. Measure the time required for the reaction to be completed. Record the time. C. Cold Water 1 Fill a clear glass with 4 oz. of water and add enough ice to adjust the level to 8 oz. Stir the ice water for about 15 seconds so the temperature will come to equilibrium. 2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet. (Leave the ice cubes in the water!) 3 Drop 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet into the water. Measure the time required for the reaction to be completed. Record the time.

17 Data: water temperature - C Time - in seconds Hot Room Cold Graph your results.

18 Complete lab report Due October 4 Complete the 4.1 quiz which can be found on the website. Read and take notes on section 4.2 and answer the questions. Biorama Project is due November 10 - information is on the website. Define: Carbohydrates - Lipids - Proteins - Nucleic acids - 1. Life as we know it is which means that most of the compounds contain. 2. Carbon compounds are classified into four groups; list them (know them): 3. From where do you get the compounds that make up your cells? 4. Foods contain (3 things): 5. What elements make up carbohydrates? 6. Carbohydrates are classified into groups: and 7. Which is longer of the two above?

19 8. What elements make up lipids? 9. Lipids include:,, and. 10. What do lipids do for your cells? 11.What lipid makes up part of the outer cell membrane of your cells. 12.What molecules make up proteins? 13. What is an enzyme? 14. What organ makes digestive enzymes? 15. How many amino acids are used to make proteins? 16. From what are nucleotide made? Read section 4.3 and take notes. Then answer the questions: Ecosystem - Habitat - 1. What is the biosphere? 2. Each organism is made up of systems. What two things help define it? 3. True or False An ecosystem includes only the living things. 4. List the physical variable for a land habitat. 5. List two reasons why soil is vital. 6. Which allows for better drainage of water? Sand or Clay 7. How much oxygen is in the air we breathe? 8. How much of earth s surface does water cover? 9. What does ph measure?

20 10. What is a good amount of dissolved oxygen for most aquatic life? 11.What are the results of too much nitrate and phosphates on aquatic life? 12. How many grams of salt are there per liter of seawater? 13. Complete the chart for ocean zones: Depth range Sunlight Average temps pressure Sunlight zone Twilight zone Dark zone Complete the Chapter Assessment vocabulary and concepts section. Again this is for your own understanding and testing.

21 Water Stacking Lab Background - This is where you will want to address that density is measure as a mass per unit volume so basically the more stuff or mass that is squeezed into a space the more dense an object becomes. Density should not be confused with weight. State that adding salt to a sample of water will raise the density since there is more mass in the same volume of water. Define salinity (how much salt is dissolved in water). You will also want to state that some seas have more salt in them than others such as the Dead Sea that has 9 times more than the ocean. You may want to note that it easier to float in the ocean than in a freshwater lake. Purpose - You are going to plan and execute an experiment which tests the densities of water samples. Hypothesis - This is where you are going to make an educated guess if you are going to be successful in reaching your purpose and WHY Materials - 5 prepared saline water samples, clear straws, test tubes or beakers, paper towels Procedure: 1. Gather supplies 2. Lower the straw about an inch into the first water sample. 3. Cover the straw with your thumb to trap the water in place. 4. Keep your thumb in place and then lower the straw further down into the second water sample 5. Quickly remove and replace your thumb. 6. Keep your thumb in place, and look closely at the straw. o What do you see? 7. If the two colors begin to mix, your first color has a higher salinity than the second color and is therefore denser. 8. If the two colors stay stacked; the first color has a lower salinity, and is therefore less dense. 9. Repeat the example again. This time, reverse the order of colors to compare the results. 10. Keep track of your findings and stack all five colors. Data:

22 Take pictures or draw the final product. Make sure you include labels. ( ex: lowest salinity) Conclusion: Reflect upon what you have learned. Include definitions again to show that you understand. Make sure you address the purpose in your conclusion.

23 Due October 18 Complete Lab Report Complete the quiz Study and take the chapter 4 test. Read section 5.1 and take notes and answer the questions. Biorama project - is due on November 8. Information is on the website. Define: Producer- Consumer - Herbivore - Carnivore - Omnivore - Decomposer - Answer: 1. What is the first type of energy to enter an ecosystem? 2. Through what process does a plant use the sunʼs energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates? 3. What is another word for producer? 4. What is a common producer in a tropical rainforest? 5. What is another word for consume? 6. What else could you call decomposers? Natureʼs 7. List several nutrients that are cycled through the ecosystem. *** Copy the cycle on page 87 into your notes. Read Section 5.2 and take notes and answer the questions.

24 Define: Energy pyramid - Food Web - Answer the questions: 1. What is the most plentiful member of a field ecosystem? 2. What is there always more of - producers or carnivore? 3. Some of the energy an herbivore eats becomes of part of its body; what happens to the rest? 4. As you move up the food pyramid, does the amount of energy lost become greater or less (read this carefully, I am asking how much is lost)? Go to this website and complete the activity: /383926/BL_02.html Prepare for the lab - print out and read the following lab.

25 Name Title: Starburst Energy Pyramid Introduction: When you eat dinner, how much of the food energy in the dinner goes to increase your biomass? 100% efficiency would mean that every pound you ate would add a pound to your weight. As you may know and be thankful for, this does not happen. Ecological efficiency refers to the percentage of energy passed on from one organism to the next in a food chain or pyramid. In this activity you will use a model to discover the amount of energy lost as it moves up the food chain. Procedures: 1. Your teacher will assign you to play an important part in the food chain. Stand where directed. Make sure you understand how many steps you are allowed to take. Producers take no steps (just like trees) Primary Consumers may take one step Secondary Consumers may take two steps Tertiary Consumers may take three steps 2. Make sure that you throw the candy over your shoulder and don t look at where it is going. 3. Participate in the class discussion that takes place outdoors. 4. You may be asked to model the scenario again. 5. Record the data and answer the analysis questions. Data: Trophic Level Round 1 Round 2 Sun Producer 1 st Consumer 2 nd Consumer 3 rd Consumer Analysis:

26 ! Life Science Homework 1. What happened to the number of Starbursts (the energy) as they moved through the food chain? 2. To calculate the percentage of energy lost at each level, divide the energy that was available at the start (in this example, 20,126 Kcal) by the amount of energy on the level. In this example, the producer level has 100%, although you know that all the available sun energy has NOT been captured. The next level is calculated by dividing 1,996 by 20,126 and multiplying by 100%. Using a calculator and rounding off, 10% of the energy remains on this level. Fill in the boxes for the 2 nd and tertiary consumers: 3. Calculate the percentage of energy transferred for our model:! 3. Why is the box at the base of the food pyramid larger than the top level? 4. A huge portion of the energy in the world is lost. For example sunlight: only about 20% of the sunlight even makes it to plants and algae. Most of the energy from the

27 sun is lost in space, reflected by clouds and water, or absorbed by the earth itself. How much energy is lost on average for the energy pyramids above? 5. Explain how ninety percent of the energy is lost from a cow before it ever even reaches you. As organisms die and decompose in the soil, their energy is not gone. For example, a dead tree can be cut and burned to produce heat, a different type of energy. Write three other example of dead organism providing energy long after it is gone. 1) 2) 3) 6. The starburst demonstration was a model of how an energy pyramid can work. Like all models it has weaknesses that make it unrealistic in some respects, name at least one.

28 Due October 25 Complete Lab report Complete the quiz for sections 5.1 and 5.2. Your biorama project is due on November 8 and counts as a test grade Read section 5:3 and answer the questions. Define: Competition - Predators - Prey - Symbiosis - Population - Growth rate - Pollutant - 1. What happens when there is too much competition? 2. Explain the relationship between predator and prey. 3. Explain the relationship between animals that have a symbiotic relationship. 4. What does a population need to grow? 5. How can an invasive species change a population? 6. List the three things that often determine how harmful a pollutant can be.

29 7. What happens when sulfur dioxide and water react? 8. Why is mercury harmful to an ecosystem? 9. What can toxins cause? 10. Why are the top members of the food chain more affected by toxins? 11. How do scientists test water quality? 12. What happens when nitrates and fertilizers end up in ponds or lakes? 13. What should water measure on the ph scale? complete the Chapter 5 assessment - the Vocabulary and Concepts sections only - this is a good review to check your understanding. print and read lab

30 Water Air Quality Testing Labs Over the course of the next two weeks we will complete experiments testing the water and air and quality near Church of the Apostles and/or a tree measuring lab. Please dress accordingly: CLOSED TOE SHOES MUST BE WORN. If you are not prepared for the lab, your grade will reflect it. You will write two complete lab reports for this lab - one each week. You will follow the procedure for writing lab reports that we have discussed in class. Please take notes during class. Permission Slip - You must bring this completed to class. To be filled out by parent/guardian Please complete and return by: Student Name: My child has permission to attend the field trip. My child does not have permission to attend the field trip. CONSENT If any emergency medical procedure/treatments are required by the student during the trip, I consent to the trip s supervisor taking, arranging for, or consenting to the procedures or treatment at his or her discretion. I further release and waive any claim which I or any other person, firm, corporation, or entity may have or claim to have, known or unknown, directly or indirectly, from any losses, damages or injuries arising out of, during, or in connection with the student s participation in the activity, any trip associated with the activity, or the rendering or emergency medical procedures/treatment, if any. Signature(s) of Parent(s) or Guardian(s) Date

31 Due November 1 Complete one Lab Report with the data you have collected. Take the chapter 5 test work on your biorama which is due on November 8 and counts as a test grade Read section 6.1 and answer the questions. Define: climate - biome - 1. What does weather describe? 2. What do we call the changes in these conditions? 3. How many biomes does earth have? List them 4. What is relative humidity? and to what is it related? 5. Why are temperatures hottest near the equator and colder at the poles? 6. What are variables that affect climate? 7. How is a biome characterized?

32 8. How have Jackrabbits adapted to the heat of the desert? Read section 6.2 and answer the questions. Define: Desert - grassland - 1. Where are most deserts found? 2. How much more solar radiation do desert receive? 3. Why does the Sahara and Australian deserts receive so little rain? 4. Why does the desert in eastern Washington receive little rain? 5. What is a fog desert and where is one? 6. What continent does not have grasslands? 7. What two seasons occur in savannas? 8. What event usually follows the drought season? 9. What does that keep from growing? 10.How do small mammals survive the fires? 11. Where do temperate grassland thrive?

33 12. When do they receive most of their rainfall and how much rain? We will continue working on our air and water testing lab and/or tree measuring lab from last week.

34 November 8 Complete one lab report - make sure it is neat and complete. Redo any parts that are sloppy. Complete the quiz for Your biorama is due November 8. Twenty points will be deducted to any project turned in on November 15th, and a zero will be given to any project not turned in by November 16. Read section 6.3 and answer the questions. Define: temperate deciduous forest - deciduous - tropical rainforest - 1. What is the range of temperatures in temperate forests? rainfall? 2. List common trees of this forest. 3. Between what degrees latitudes would one find tropical rainforests? 4. What is the average rainfall in a rainforest? temperature? 5. What percentage of the earth do tropical rainforests cover? 6. How much of the world s animal and plant species are found there? 7. How do trees keep the temperature cooler? 8. What happens as the rainforest is destroyed? 9. List the ways that temperate rainforests are different from tropical rainforests? AND how are they different from temperate forests?

35 Read section 6.4 and answer the questions. Define: taiga - tundra - 1. What others names can one call a taiga? 2. Between what latitudes does the taiga fall in the northern hemisphere? 3. What is the average temperature for at least 6 months of the year? how does this impact animal life? 4. What is the most common tree found in the taiga? 5. How does the cone shape help the trees survive? 6. Explain how a thick layer of snow acts as an insulator. 7. What does the word tundra mean in Finnish? 8. What are the two types of tundra? 9. How long is the growing season in the tundra? 10. What is permafrost and from what depth does it occur? 11. Why don t trees grow in the tundra?

36 12. What does permafrost store? 13. Explain the process. 14. Where would one find an alpine tundra? 15. Describe the weather conditions of an alpine tundra. complete the chapter 6 assessment; we will go over the answers in class (I will give you 100% for completion) There is no lab this week. Instead you will present your projects.

37 November 15 complete the quiz for not open notes Read section 7.1 and answer the questions. Define: Cell theory - Cell membrane - Organelle - Cytoplasm - prokaryotic cell - Eukaryotic cell - Answer: 1. How are all cells similar? 2. Who discovered cells? when? 3. Which two scientists concluded all plants and animals are made of cells? 4. About how many different types of specialized cells make up the tissues and organs of your body? 5. Copy the chart- figure 7.5 on page 140 below

38 6. Draw an example of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell with four parts labeled (on page 140). Read section 7.2 and answer the questions. Define: Mitochondria - Vacuole - Endoplasmic reticulum - Ribosome - Golgi body - Lysosome - Cytoskeleton - Chloroplast - Cell wall - Answer:Science Homework

39 1. What does the cell membrane do? 2. What is the cell membrane made of? 3. What is the control center of a cell? 4. What acts as a storage area for material that are used by other organelles? 5. What are called the powerhouses of cells? and they can only work if they have. 6. What is the storage area of the cell? ; how many do plants have? What is stored there? 7. What is a series of tunnels that transport proteins form one part of a cell to another? 8. What are the little bumps on top of the ER? What do the make? 9. What do the Golgi bodies do? 10. Which cell would have more Golgi bodies - skin cells or cells found in your stomach? why? 11.What can lysosome pick up? 12.What provides structure to the cell? 13. What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? (3 things) Complete the section assessment. Print and read the following lab. Watch: In class you will be given materials to create a model of a cell. You must complete the model in class and have the following parts labeled and be able to tell the function of each part: cell membrane, lysosome, nucleus, nuclear membrane, vacuole, Golgi body, mitochondira, ribosomes, ER, cytoplasm,

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41 Due November 29 Complete the quiz for Study and complete the chapter 7 test. (It is hard!) Read section 8.1 and answer the questions. Define: Diffusion - Osmosis - Active transport - Answer: 1. What is a cell membrane compared to in the first paragraph? What characteristics do the two share? 2. List the three functions of the cell membrane. 3. Lipids form a layer which creates a, layer. 4. What can move around within this layer? 5. What do some of the carbohydrates serve as? so they can each other. 6. How much of the cytoplasm is water? 7. What must there be for diffusion to occur? 8. When will diffusion not occur? 9. When you put a cell in a solution one of three things might occur - list them? 10.What happens if animal cells take in too much water? ; what happens to plant cells? why? 11. Does diffusion or osmosis require energy from the cell? 12.How do larger molecules like sugars, starches, and proteins diffuse?

42 does it require energy? 13.Does active transport require energy? 14.Describe how active transport works. 15. Explain how a cell can take in larger food particles by engulfing them. 16. Why are cells so small? Read section 8.2 and answer the questions. Define: Color - Pigment - Chlorophyll - Cellular Respiration - ATP - Answer: 1. Where does the plant cell convert energy; where does photosynthesis occur? 2. What do plants use to make glucose? and and it only occurs in the presence of. 3. What are the colors that make up sunlight called? 4. What are two forms of light we cannot see? and 5. How do we describe waves; by their 6. Red light has the energy and has the highest. 7. Why do plants look green? 8. Study the figure 8.8. Explain it.

43 9. Why do leaves change color? 10. What does your digestive break food down into? 11. Your cells then convert those molecules into a form of they can use. 12. What is cellular respiration? where does it take place? 13. How is the respiration of breathing similar to cellular respiration? 14. Where is energy stored? 15. Why is your body warm? EXTRA CREDIT - complete the potato experiment on page 172 and write a lab report (+5 on your lowest test grade) Print and read the lab carefully.

44 Lab title: Observing Osmosis Lab Purpose: To observe osmosis through diffusion. Background: Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is known as osmosis. Selectively permeable means that some molecules can move through a membrane and others cannot. Movement through membranes is called transport. Diffusion and osmosis are passive forms of transport which means they do not need energy to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Active transport require energy. Gummy bears are a candy made of gelatin, starch, and sugar. In this lab we will soak gummy bears in different liquids: water, distilled water, and salt water. Hypothesis: If gummy bears are soaked in different solutions, then the gummy bear soaked in tap water will (complete for distilled and salt) _ Materials: gummy bears, plastic cups, metric ruler, distilled water, tap water, saturated salt solution, paper towels, scale, tape, pencil Procedure: 1. The day before the teacher will have measured and weighed the gummy bears and recorded it. She will then place the gummy bears in the carefully measured solution to soak for 24 hours.

45 2. The next day, the gummy bears will be carefully removed from the solution and placed on a paper towel. 3. Students will carefully measure the bears in centimeters and find the volume. 4. Students will carefully weigh the bears and paper towel. Then remove the bear from the paper towel and subtract the difference to find the true weight of the bear in grams. Data: Starting bear s volume Starting bear's weight Finished bear s volume Finished bear's weight Tap Water Distilled Water Salt Water Now calculate the percent change in volume after each step. % change in volume = Final volume - starting volume x 100 starting volume Repeat for change in weight using the same formula but substituting weight for volume. % change in volume % change in weight Tap water Distilled water Salt water Using graph paper make a bar graph. Conclusion:

46 Extra credit: Complete the experiment at home using tap water and a sugar solution. You will need to write a lab report entirely on your own to earn +5 on a test grade.

47 Due December 6 Complete the science lab Complete the quiz Complete the section review for chapter 8. Check your answers below. Take the chapter 8 test - it is hard - study! Read section 9.1 and answer the questions. Define: Protozoan - Ciliate - Amoebas - Flagellates - Sporozoans - Parasite - Answer: 1. A protozoa is a single-celled meaning that it has some animallike characteristics. 2. What type of environment do protozoans need to live in? such as? 3. What happens to them when they dry out? then what happens if they return to moist conditions? 4. In what kingdom are they most often placed? 5. Draw and label figure 9.3 and tell what each part does. 6. Explain how they move? 7. Explain how they eat? 8. Draw and label figure 9.4 and tell what each part does. 9. How are sporozoan different from other protozoans?

48 10. Where does a parasite live? Print and read the lab.

49 9A Protozoans What are the characteristics of protozoans? Most organisms in the Kingdom Protozoa consist of a single cell. How do these organisms move and gather food? In this investigation, you will examine amoeba, paramecium and euglena using the light microscope. You will observe their movement and characteristics. You will also develop a hypothesis about how each organisms gets food. Materials Pond water Depression slides Coverslips Corn syrup Light microscope Toothpicks Dropper Procedure: 1. Place two drops of water into the chamber of the depression slide. 2. Slowly place a dropper into the pond water. Be sure to place the dropper at the bottom of the culture since the amoeba will be located at the bottom of the jar. 3. Remove the dropper and place a single drop of the water into the chamber of your compression slide. 4. Carefully, place a cover slip on top of the chamber and place under the microscope. Using your medium power, bring the amoeba into view 5. Once you have found the amoeba, switch to your high-power objective. 6. Make a sketch of what you observe under the microscope. 7. Observe the movement of the amoeba and record your observations. 8. Repeat with drawing samples from the mid section and again with a sample from near the top. 9. Your goal is to find 3 Protozoans. You may need to observe other students slides. Thinking about what you observed a.describe the way each organism (amoeba, paramecium, and euglena) moves. Which ones have structures for movement? Do those structures look like? b. Do any of the organisms have a structure that resembles a mouth? Make a hypothesis about how each organism feeds. (you will need to use this lab and write a lab report with a title, purpose, hypothesis, materials, procedure, data, and conclusion on your own; hopefully you took notes in class)

50 Answers to the chapter 8 assessment: Vocabulary - 1. active transport 2. osmosis 3. diffusion 4. ATP 5. photosynthesis 6. chlorophyll 7. cellular respiration 8. pigment. 1. Check your sketch with the one on page Carbohydrates that are attached to some proteins face outward and serve ID cards so cells can recognize each other. 3. Diffusion is the passive process of water and other materials passing through semipermeable membrane. Osmosis is the passive diffusion of only water passing through a semipermeable membrane (like a cell membrane). In both, molecules travel from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and do not use ATP energy. 4. a. diffusion b. osmosis (could be diffusion) c. diffusion d. Active Transport e. osmosis or diffusion f. diffusion 5. The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts reflects green light and appears green. 6. When you breathe in, you are taking in oxygen that is needed for cellular respiration. When you exhale, you are getting rid of carbon dioxide and water, the products of cellular respiration. 7. Yes, plants need to carry out cellular respiration so they can get carbon dioxide in their system to carry out photosynthesis. 8. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Definition Process where plants use sunlight to produce high energy molecules process where high energy molecules are converted into a form of energy that cells can use Reactants Carbon Dioxide, Water, Light glucose and oxygen Products glucose carbon dioxide and water Organisms that perform process plants animals Where it occurs chlorplasts mitochondria

51 Due December 13 Complete the lab (you are writing the full lab report like you have been in filling in all year) Read section 9.2 and answer the questions Define: Bacteria - Photosynthetic bacteria - Anaerobic bacteria - Aerobic bacteria - Answer: 1. What kind of cell are bacteria cells? meaning they do not have a and their cell was is. 2. Where are archaebacteria found? 3. How many times larger are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells? 4. How are bacteria described? Science homework weeks Complete: shape cocci baccilli spirilla example 6. How do bacteria move? 7. List the ways that bacteria attain their food. 8. What does anaerobic mean? 9. Where can you find anaerobic bacteria still today? 10. How is bacteria helpful?

52 11. How does bacteria aid in in the nutrient cycle? 12. List some harmful effects of bacteria. Read section 9.3 and answer the questions Define: Virus - Host cell - Immune system - Antibodies - Vaccine - Answer: 1. A virus is made of and 2. Is a virus a cell? 3. What does a virus do? 4. How much smaller is a virus compared to bacteria? 5. What are the two ways a virus attach to a host cell? 6. Once inside, the viral DNA changes the function of the cell and now the cell becomes a to produce new 7. What is the most common ʻtrickʼ that viruses use to get past the cell wall? 8. What protects your body from unfamiliar objects like bacteria and viruses? 9. How does a fever help? 10.Once your body recognizes a virus, what does it make?

53 11. Explain how a vaccine works? 12. Why is there a new flu vaccine each year? Complete the chapter 9 assessment. The lab is a surprise this week. You will be responsible for writing a full lab report for extra credit on your chapter 9 test. I will give you the information in class. Our next class is in 2018! Your chapter 9 test and lab report are due your first day back; be wise and get it done before the break!!!