Lake Erie: planktonic and benthic water quality and current issues. NWRI Environment Canada
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1 Lake Erie: planktonic and benthic water quality and current issues SUE WATSON NWRI Environment Canada
2 Key collaborative projects, Lake Erie Ecosystem - Isotopic tracer study of labile P inputs - AOCs and other focal areas: combined measures of physical, chemical & biological parameters - HABs: cyanobacteria - planktonic -benthic Ongoing and future directions
3 Spring 24 Surveillance data 1m (Dove et al. EC) Summer 24
4 Need for new measures of water quality & nutrient (P) sources & cycling Success of GLWA restoration & monitoring programs based on traditional parameters equivocal & difficult to evaluate Central basin: late summer hypoxia - anoxia Past decade: - decline in P seemingly reversed - invasive species & HABs - ecosystem regime shift - increasing human density
5 Phosphate Sources and Cycling in Lake Erie: an Isotope Signatures Approach. GOAL: use O 18 isotope in PO 4 in potential basin sources, lake water, sediments to - identify & quantify sources (point, non-point) & inlake P cycling - evaluate potential impact of P sources & loading on Ecosystem P one stable isotope; cannot be used as an isotopic tracer. O P-O bond in PO 4 resists inorganic hydrolysis - potential isotopic tracer O P O A. PAYTON, S. WATSON, K. ELSBURY and C. KENDALL O Univ. California Santa Cruz / EC/ USGS
6 How might it work? δ 18 O p DIP degree of in situ PO 4 turnover. If DIP input low, & P is limiting, intracellular PO 4 cycling more efficient & δ 18 O p closer to eq m. δ 18 O p DIP a function of relative input to biological turnover δ18op DIP Riverine & Atmospheric Sources δ 18 O p DIP source Recycling in biomass δ 18 O p DIP water Euphotic Zone δ18op DIP Upwelling Source
7 Method No fractionation ~.4 mg silver phosphate (8 L.2 reproducibility Accurate isotope ratios MagIC Cerium Phosphate Resin separation Silver Phosphate
8 river signature
9 Preliminary Results Summary riverine δ18op - consistent across drainage basins, but signal in lake typically enriched relative to riverine input. enrichment more pronounced in C basin (& at depth) than W. observed trends suggest unmeasured source(s) ) esp. in C. Basin offshore depth profiles deep-water origin, e.g. sediments,, but several potential sources (runoff, atmospheric, sewage effluent, groundwater) unevaluated. additional source with a δ18op >= 8 8 with more localized effect, along E rim of the W. Basin likely local STP (??).
10 Continued approach (1) isotopic PO4 composition & contribution to total loading monitored rivers & streams storm-water, runoff, groundwater wells, fertilizer, manure, sewage, etc. in several watersheds. leachable PO 4 from bottom sediments wet & dry deposition samples at several locations (2) Selected locations & depths in L. Erie (seasonal, 3 yr) (3) Correlate specific isotopic signatures to sources, land use, met. & watershed characteristics & in-lake SRP & DOP. (4) Simple P mass balance model. (5) modeling community for more sophisticated models (6) planning & regulatory agencies for recommended best management practices.
11
12 Lake St Clair/DR Lake St Clair/DR TP, TP, TDP TDP
13 SCR/LSC/DR May Station Lake St Clair/DR metals Fe total m etal, ug/l DR Se total m e ta l, ug/l DR Station Cu total m etal, ug/l DR DR
14 NW Canadian Coastal System w/shed - tributary (3) - in-lake MOE (T. Howell) & EC (S. Watson/R. Yerubandi) NH4 mg/l NO23 mg/l april distance 17 april offshore Fv/Fm.2.1 distance offshore TDP mg/l photosynthetic yield TP mg/l april distance offshore april distance offshore ---
15 Seasonal & lakewide distribution of cyanobacteria, Lake Erie 197 From Munawar & Munawar HABs
16 Cyanobacterial impairments Superior taste- odour toxins SLR Huron Ontario Michigan Erie toxins T&O Eutrophication/algae Watson Boyer & Ridal CJFAS in press
17 Taste odour CH 3 (-)) geosmin OH CH 3 (-)) 2-methylisoborneol 2 (MIB) 3 HC 3 HC CH 3 OH 3 HC most drinking water odour muddy, earthy potent (odour threshold conc. ~5-1ng/L) stable, resist conventional treatment planktonic, benthic, terrestrial sources etc.) (Cyanobacteria, actinomyces,, moulds
18 Cyanobacterial impairments Benthic fingerprints of anthropogenic activity Major rivers & influents - Erie & other Gt Lakes Sue Watson, Christiane Hudon, Antonella Cattaneo Environment Canada/ Centre Saint-Laurent / Université de Montréal
19 Benthic algal impairments: St Lawrence River
20 Discharge (m 3 s -1 ) Assomption Richelieu St-François Yamaska Great Lakes Ottawa R June 4 July 4 Aug 4 Sept 4 Oct 4 Nov 4 Aug 3 Apr 4 May level masl
21 Cyanobacteria St. Lawrence River: Lac L Saint-Pierre 26 survey Probable distribution Lyngbya Gloeotrichia
22 St. Lawrence River: Lac St Louis benthic cyanobacterial mats (Lyngbya wollei) Water treatment plant intakes (other algae)
23 Maumee Bay (S.W. L. Erie) Lyngbya wollei impairment Annual T&O at Toledo and other WTPs
24 Preliminary assessment, 3 sites (M1- M3)
25 Maumee (SW Lake Erie) - morphologically identical species to St. Lawrence R. strain (L. wollei) - significantly lower unit production of geosmin - 2-MIB also detected geosmin production / wet weight LSP-Lyngbya LSP-Gloeotrichia M-Lyngbya ug/g Jul 26 Aug 24 Sep 19 Oct 11 Oct 16
26 Summary of initial results High geosmin content of attached cyanobacterial mats Poor relationship b/w ambient dissolved T&O & benthic mat biomass ( ( most: cell-bound) Significant potential release from benthic mats Low 2-MIB 2 production High spatial & temporal variability in GSM / unit weight Some relationship b/w GM/wt & depth >> higher GSM production/wt in SLR than Maumee Lyngbya potential key parameters (light, N:P, depth) other sites..? Ongoing research; patterns, prediction and impacts
27 Continued collaborative work: Additional measures: nutrient gradients, availability, limitation 2 i. Focal inshore-offshore offshore areas ii. AOCs 3 iii. APA, N-N and P-debt, P C:N:P (water, seds) 4 iv. Reporter strains (McKay et al) Synechococcus 5 v. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) 6 vi. Plankton, benthic taxa (algal/cyano) vii. Water quality, physical parameters, sediment & sed traps depth m Yield
28
29 Continued collaborative work: (1) key long term consistent (EC) WQ database -seasonal, spatial -traditional & new focal areas (2) HABs & other algal issues (3) Additional measures: nutrient gradients, availability, limitation (4) Stable isotope work
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